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PubMedDate not supplied

[The possibilities of correcting some complex behavioral reactions in KM rats by using an antioxidant].

On rats of KM (Krushinskiĭ-Molodkina) line the influence was studied of antioxidant (phenozan-K) on the ability to solve extrapolation task and behaviour in the open field test. It is shown that intraperitoneal injection of the antioxidant in a dose of 30 mg/kg significantly increases the number of individuals solving the extrapolation task at its first presentations and also activates the orienting-investigatory behaviour in the open field test. Proceeding from the supposition about the necessity of sufficiently high (optimum) level of excitability of the central nervous system for realization of mental act, a conclusion is made about the possibility of its correction by means of antioxidants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin in the hypothalamic syndrome].

Experiments were conducted on 90 non-strain male albino rats to study the possibility of compensating food intake and the functions related to its activity in disturbances caused by damage to the arcuate region of the hypothalamus. Neuropeptides beta-lipotropin (beta-LTP) and beta-endorphin were chosen as the compensation factors. The registered parameters were as follows: the volume of food and water intake, feeding and drinking behaviors, orientating-exploratory activity, comforting behavior, and the duration of sleep and drowsiness. It was established that destruction of the hypothalamic arcuate zone is attended by the formation of a specific syndrome including disorders of food and water intake and other forms of behavior. Intraventricular injections of beta-LPT and beta-endorphin under such conditions was conductive to the restoration of the disturbed functions and compensated for food intake and other related functions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemisphere asymmetry of motor-feeding behavior of mice in a multi-alternative symmetrical maze].

The behaviour of mice of BALB/c line was studied in a symmetrical multialternative Y-maze: their motor, alimentary and investigating activities as well as spatial-motor asymmetry. In animals with inactivated left hemisphere, as compared to intact ones, the motor and alimentary activities were lowered, and the investigating one augmented. Instead of the weak left-side asymmetry a distinct left-side preference appeared of most Y-maze sections, and right-side preference for approaches to the feeders. Elimination of the right hemisphere did not change the motor activity; the alimentary one decreased and the investigating one augmented, but less than during inactivation of the left hemisphere. On the whole, the right-side asymmetry appeared for all sections. According to all parameters studied, the influence of the left hemisphere on animal behaviour was more expressive and diverse. Spatial preference is formed with participation of influences of both hemispheres. The differences between them are more qualitative than quantitative.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Side preference behavior in rats exposed to alcohol prenatally.

Exploration and side preference in a two-hole nose-poke apparatus were examined in 28 to 31-day-old Long Evans rats from three prenatal treatment groups: prenatal alcohol exposed (35% ethanol-derived calories, 35% EDC), nutritional control (0% ethanol-derived calories, 0% EDC) or standard control (lab chow, LC). Rats prenatally exposed to alcohol had significantly more total pokes than the two control groups, who did not differ, replicating the previous demonstration of increased exploration in this age group. All three groups differed significantly in their side preference behavior over the time course of the test session. However, both control groups maintained their preferred side whereas the 35% EDC group alternated side choice over the test session. The three groups also differed in overall degree of side preference; the LC group had the greatest degree of side preference and the 35% EDC group the lowest, with the 0% EDC group intermediary. These results suggest an altered development of cerebral laterality in offspring exposed to alcohol during gestation, and that the effect of alcohol interacts with nutritional variables.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Uptake, distribution and behavioral effects of inhalation exposure to manganese (MnO2) in the adult mouse.

Adult male mice were exposed either to sublethal levels of MnO2 dust or filtered air (control group) 7 hours/day, 5 days/week for 16 to 32 weeks. Following a 16 week initial exposure period, randomly selected samples (8 animals) from both the control and Mn-exposed groups were observed for behavioral performance (ambulations and rearings in the open-field, "hole-in-board" explorations, rotarod) and learning (passive avoidance) and tissue Mn levels were determined via atomic absorption spectrometry. Exposure continued for the remaining animals and the sampling procedure was repeated biweekly for an additional 8 time points. At week 32, Mn exposure was terminated. However, biweekly testing of the remaining animals continued for an additional 3 time points. Mn-exposed animals had significantly higher blood, liver, kidney, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum plus brainstem, and testis Mn levels than control animals. With the exception of the liver, these levels declined with increasing exposure time. No histopathologic effects attributable to Mn-exposure were observed. However, significant overall effects on growth and behavior were obtained. Specifically, Mn-exposed subjects weighed more, executed more rearings in the open-field, and tended to exhibit longer latencies to enter the open-field. When the post-exposure data were analyzed separately, no significant effects were obtained. While no general relationship was obtained between tissue Mn levels and behavior, selected behavioral measures did correlate with tissue Mn levels. Animals exposed via feeding to comparable Mn levels across the same length of exposure employed in the inhalation study did not demonstrate any significant behavioral alterations.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and behavioral outcomes of perinatal inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase.

Rats were treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day SC, either prenatally (to the mothers, on days 16 to 20 of gestation) or neonatally (to the pups, on days 1 to 10 after birth). At this dose level neither maternal reproductive performance (prenatal treatment) nor gain in body weight on the part of offspring were affected. Earlier developmental alterations were rapidly overcome. Prenatally-treated rats proved less active than controls in the open field, performed better in passive avoidance retention (both preweaning and postweaning), and had a shorter post-ejaculatory interval in the male copulatory test. Postnatally-treated rats performed better than controls in two-way active avoidance conditioning, and in passive avoidance retention (as adults). Reproductive performance of the treated female offspring was similar to that of controls. ODC activity in brains of DFMO-exposed offspring was substantially inhibited throughout treatment (-72 to -41%, compared with respective controls), but showed a strong rebound after termination of treatment (up to +400%, compared with respective controls). These results show that partial inhibition of ODC activity during a limited period of the perinatal life has no adverse effect on the overall behavioral development of rats: indeed, some performances are actually improved. This being the most likely due to a rebound ODC hyperactivity after termination of treatment, when brain maturation is still in progress.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of kainic acid administration into globus pallidus on EEG and behavior of rabbits.

Injection of 0,5 microgram of kainic acid into the globus pallidus of rabbits carrying chronically implanted electrodes and cannulas, resulted in an increase of cerebral electrical activity up to appearance of epileptoidal discharges. These effects were prevented by diazepam pretreatment. Behavioral changes produced by kainic acid were biphasic; ipsilateral rotations or postural asymmetries, observed in the early phase, gave way later to contralateral asymmetries. Kainic acid facilitated sniffing episodes, which appeared simultaneously with epileptoidal discharges in the hippocampus. The stimulation of globus pallidus neurons with kainic acid resulted also in electrical activation of the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus. The results indicate that the majority of the neurons of globus pallidus display selective sensitivity to kainic acid and that the globus pallidus is functionally connected with the hippocampus and the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Predation, aggression, and activity levels in food-deprived sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus and L. gibbosus): motivational interactions.

Three experiments investigated the effects of food deprivation on several behavioral categories in two species of sunfish. In Experiment 1, predatory behavior and general activity were observed under five levels of deprivation. For both species, predation measures increased in a similar negatively accelerating manner with increasing deprivation, while activity changed in a more complex fashion. Experiment 2 examined the effects of deprivation on activity in a novel environment and showed that the deprivation effects of Experiment 1 were masked by the response to the new setting. In Experiment 3, measures of aggression toward intruders of each species were recorded from resident fish of both species under three levels of food deprivation. Both species were more aggressive toward conspecifics, and bluegills were more aggressive overall. Aggression was significatly influenced by food deprivation, with the effects dependent on the species making up the pair. Theories of motivational summation, generalized drive, and activity-mediated aggression were unable to explain the differential effects of hunger on the three behavioral categories observed. A dynamic boundary-state model of behavior control was found to predict the motivational interactions observed between distinct behavioral control systems.

Aggression↗

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