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Results for “MONOAMINE OXIDASE”

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PubMed1983

Platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma amine oxidase: effect of anticoagulant and centrifugation technique on platelet yield and enzyme activity.

Platelet recovery and activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma amine oxidase (PAO) were determined using different centrifugation procedures (125 g for 15 min vs. 600 g for 2.5 min) and anticoagulants. With either centrifugation procedure, the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) as anticoagulant resulted in higher platelet yields and MAO activity compared to acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD). However, PAO activity was lower with EDTA as anticoagulant than with ACD. There was a trend toward higher platelet yields and higher activity levels of MAO and PAO with the 125 g centrifugation method than with the 600 g technique regardless of the anticoagulant used. The implications for MAO studies in psychiatric research were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparative investigation of the effect of moclobemide and toloxatone on monoamine oxidase activity and psychometric performance in healthy subjects.

The effects of moclobemide and toloxatone, two reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors, on biochemical parameters that reflect monoamine metabolism and on psychomotor performance parameters were investigated in a study in 12 healthy volunteers. Treatments were given double-blind in a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design, with 1 week wash-out between the treatments. Drugs were given thrice daily in the following doses: moclobemide 150-150-150 mg and toloxatone 400-200-400 mg. All assessments were performed on day 8 under standardized conditions. There was no difference with regard to adverse events between moclobemide and toloxatone: both drugs induced a slight decrease in both supine and standing heart rate. Judged on the basis of the area under the curve, the two MAO-inhibitors reduced the plasma levels of DHPG and HVA, with more pronounced effects for moclobemide than for toloxatone. After moclobemide MAO-A inhibition was almost constant over 24 h, whereas the effect of toloxatone was short lasting after each dose. The same differences were reflected in plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and urinary excretion of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephine. Neither of the compounds tested had any influence on the memory, vigilance, mood, or sleeping habits of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Stability of low blood platelet monoamine oxidase activity in human alcoholics.

There are now several studies in the literature which document low blood platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in alcoholics. However, these reports are in disagreement as to the stability of reduced enzyme activity over time. The present study provides evidence that reduced platelet MAO activity in alcoholics is a relatively stable phenomenon, independent of ethanol consumption and proximate factors of the illness which are associated with excessive ethanol consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ethanol inhibits the activity of the B form of monoamine oxidase in human platelet and brain tissue.

Ethanol selectively inhibits the activity of the B-form of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in membranes obtained from human platelet and brain. When endogenous concentrations of phenylethylamine are used as substrate, significant inhibition is induced by concentrations of ethanol that are attainable after ethanol ingestion (50 mM). The mechanism of ethanol's inhibition of MAO activity appears to involve perturbation of membrane lipids surrounding the enzyme.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Psychological correlates of monoamine oxidase activity in normals.

This study replicates and extends earlier work by finding that low levels of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity correlate with sensation seeking, high ego strength, positive affect, and high leisure time activity levels, somewhat similar psychological correlates also being found for plasma amine oxidase activity. Although there are several ways in which a schizophrenia/MAO relationship may exist and still be congruent with the present data, these results pose difficulties for theories which link low MAO activity levels specifically to schizophrenia. Nothing in the present findings, however, is incongruent with the possibility of an association between low platelet MAO activity and bipolar affective disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Monoamine oxidases A and B gene polymorphisms in migraine patients.

Abnormal cortical activity and brainstem functioning are considered the possible etiopathogenetic factors of migraine. Monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and -B) regulate the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, so changes in their activity could participate in migraine pathogenesis. We have investigated the possible association of MAO-A and -B alleles and haplotypes with two common types of migraine, i.e. migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA), on the sample of 110 migraineours (80 MO and 30 MA) and 150 controls. MAO-A promoter and MAO-B intron 13 polymorphisms were genotyped by the PCR-based methods. In addition, we have reevaluated the reported association between MAO-B intron 13 polymorphism and platelet MAO-B activity. The platelet MAO-B activity was determined fluorimetrically using kynuramine as a substrate. We have found a tendency toward association of the shorter variant of MAO-A gene promoter with migraine without aura in male subjects. Regarding investigated MAO-B polymorphism, no association with migraine or with platelet MAO-B activity was found. The suggestive association of the variant in MAO-A gene with migraine is considered worthy of independent replication. On the other hand, further studies on MAO-B polymorphism in migraine do not seem promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia: an overview.

A brief history and summary of studies designed to elucidate the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in schizophrenia are presented. The majority of these studies have reported a decrease in the platelet enzyme activity of chronic schizophrenic patients when compared to controls. Difficulties encountered when comparing MAO activity measured in different patient populations are also considered. Finally, the significance of decreased platelet MAO activity is discussed with respect to its possible etiological role in some forms of schizophrenia.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed2001

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors from rhizoma of Coptis chinensis.

Three protoberberine alkaloids jatrorrhizine, berberine and palmatine were isolated from the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory fraction of the methanol extract of Coptis chinensis rhizoma. Jatrorrhizine was shown to inhibit non-competitively both MAO-A and -B from rat brain mitochondria with the IC50 values of 4 and 62 microM, respectively. Berberine only competitively inhibited MAO-A with an IC50 values of 126 microM whereas palmatine exhibited, up to 200 microM, no inhibition on any type of the enzyme. The structure-activity relationship was briefly discussed.

Berberine Alkaloids↗

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