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PubMed2000

Effect of temperature and flow-rate on analysis of basic compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column.

The peak shape and retention of some basic probes together with a neutral reference compound were investigated as a function of temperature and flow-rate using a reversed-phase HPLC column at both pH 3.0 and pH 7.0. The retention of bases often showed an anomalous increase with temperature; retention mechanisms are complex as shown by studies of the effect of buffer cation concentration on retention. Considerable improvements in column efficiency for bases may result from operation at elevated temperature. Improvements did not seem attributable either to incidental changes in the retention factor, or (in this particular study where low sample masses were utilised) to the influence of sample load. The optimum flow-rate for highest efficiency is generally lower for basic compounds than neutrals, and due to the steepness of the Van Deemter curves obtained, high flow-rates appear to be particularly detrimental in the chromatography of basic compounds.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1988

Effects of drug-protein binding on trace enrichment of drugs in blood plasma on short precolumns.

A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic precolumn venting plug technique was used for the determination of drugs by direct injection of large volume (500 microliters) blood plasma samples. Enrichment of the drugs from large plasma samples, as well as clean-up from less retained plasma components, such as proteins, was obtained on a short precolumn. Strong drug-protein binding resulted in losses of the drug during the enrichment step. The recovery was found to be inversely proportional to the degree of drug-protein binding in the sample solution. Techniques to increase the recovery were studied. These include methods to decrease the degree of drug-protein binding in the sample solution by dilution and changes of the pH, as well as methods to increase the residence time of the drug on the precolumn by increasing the precolumn length and precolumn hydrophobicity.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful recruitment strategies for women in postpartum mental health trials.

Recruiting women into research protocols allows investigators to examine the efficacies of treatments and to study other outcomes among women with mental illnesses. However, achieving recruitment goals has been difficult for researchers. The objective of this study was to examine the success rates of different strategies for recruiting women into clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of postpartum major depression. This is a descriptive study designed to examine which recruitment efforts, over a 4-year period, yielded women who participated in the studies. It was conducted in an outpatient clinic affiliated with a major urban teaching hospital where women of childbearing age sought treatment for affective disorders. All women (n=589) who called about our research studies were systematically screened. The women were either pregnant or in the postpartum period. Our results show that in both studies, obstetricians and other healthcare professionals referred a large number of women. These referrals yielded relatively high rates of participation. However, other methods were differentially successful for the two studies: media appearances and advertising resulted in almost 50% of the screening calls for the prevention study, whereas mass mailings and other promotional materials were more effective for the treatment study. Those materials contributed 44% of screening calls for the treatment study. Our conclusions were that women were most likely to enter the research studies when referred by an obstetrician or other professional.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1991

Use of tricyclic antidepressants in recipients of heart transplants.

Cardiac transplantation has become an accepted treatment for certain endstage cardiac disease patients. Depression and significant psychosocial stress among heart transplant recipients are not uncommon, but published reports about the use of antidepressants in these persons are very rare. The authors of this study report on a group of nine heart transplant recipients treated with antidepressant medicines. Seven patients achieved clinical remissions of their depression, and only two were unable to tolerate the noncardiac side effects of the medication. Indicators of autonomic, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic functions showed no adverse effects. Although the study is based on a small sample, it appears that tricyclic antidepressants are safe and effective in heart transplant recipients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Major depression in primary care practice. Clinical characteristics and treatment implications.

Major depression is thought to be underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary medical care facilities. The authors conducted a clinical trial that included a three-phase assessment so only ambulatory medical patients judged eligible for treatment of this disorder in medical settings were recruited. In addition to administering the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule's (DIS) Depression section, the psychiatrists evaluated the DIS-positive patients. This third assessment determined that clinical characteristics of DIS-positive patients were such that 70% of the patients could be treated for major depression in a primary care setting, 13% should probably be referred to a mental health facility, and 17% were experiencing conditions other than major depression.

Adolescent↗

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