SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Nesting Behavior”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Behavioral effects of rotation between lactating and nonlactating females.

Rat pups stunted by housing only 8 hr daily with lactating females and 16 hr with nonlactating foster mothers showed a delay in returning to their nest from other parts of the home cage. This delay was not due to changes in activity level or to lack of attraction to the nest, but appeared to be perceptual in nature. Both lactating and nonlactating females caring for stunted litters tended to be more maternal than those caring for control pups. After nutritional rehabilitation, the adult experimental animals showed no deficits in learning a series of visual discrimination problems in a modified version of the Lashley jumping stand procedure with a nonappetitive reinforcement. We compared the results with those obtained when other methods of stunting animals are employed and concluded that different methods of stunting may result in both common and divergent effects on behavior. Although many methods of stunting may produce similar behavioral deficits during the period of food deprivation, after rehabilitation behavioral deficits reported with other techniques of stunting may be due to extranutritional causes rather than to reduced food intake per se.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Random effects probit and logistic regression models for three-level data.

In analysis of binary data from clustered and longitudinal studies, random effect models have been recently developed to accommodate two-level problems such as subjects nested within clusters or repeated classifications within subjects. Unfortunately, these models cannot be applied to three-level problems that occur frequently in practice. For example, multicenter longitudinal clinical trials involve repeated assessments within individuals and individuals are nested within study centers. This combination of clustered and longitudinal data represents the classic three-level problem in biometry. Similarly, in prevention studies, various educational programs designed to minimize risk taking behavior (e.g., smoking prevention and cessation) may be compared where randomization to various design conditions is at the level of the school and the intervention is performed at the level of the classroom. Previous statistical approaches to the three-level problem for binary response data have either ignored one level of nesting, treated it as a fixed effect, or used first- and second-order Taylor series expansions of the logarithm of the conditional likelihood to linearize these models and estimate model parameters using more conventional procedures for measurement data. Recent studies indicate that these approximate solutions exhibit considerable bias and provide little advantage over use of traditional logistic regression analysis ignoring the hierarchical structure. In this paper, we generalize earlier results for two-level random effects probit and logistic regression models to the three-level case. Parameter estimation is based on full-information maximum marginal likelihood estimation (MMLE) using numerical quadrature to approximate the multiple random effects. The model is illustrated using data from 135 classrooms from 28 schools on the effects of two smoking cessation interventions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2003

Sexually selected nest-building--Pomatoschistus minutus males build smaller nest-openings in the presence of sneaker males.

Both natural selection and sexual selection may act on nest-building. We tested experimentally how different regimes of egg-predation and male-male competition influence nest-building before mating, using the marine fish sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus. Males with sneaker males present built the smallest nest-openings, smaller than males held alone or with Pomatoschistus microps males (which may predate eggs and compete over nest-sites but not compete over fertilizations). Males with visual access to other nest-building males tended also to build smaller openings than males held alone or with P. microps. Males with egg-predators present built nests with openings not differing significantly from any other treatment. Our results indicate that the small nest-openings found in the sneaker male treatment are sexually selected through protection against sneaking or by female choice. Across treatments, time span before a male started to build his nest also explained variation in nest-opening width; males starting late built larger nest-openings.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2000

Ants estimate area using Buffon's needle.

We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that ants can measure the size of potential nest sites. Nest size assessment is by individual scouts. Such scouts always make more than one visit to a potential nest before initiating an emigration of their nest mates and they deploy individual-specific trails within the potential new nest on their first visit. We test three alternative hypotheses for the way in which scouts might measure nests. Experiments indicated that individual scouts use the intersection frequency between their own paths to assess nest areas. These results are consistent with ants using a 'Buffon's needle algorithm' to assess nest areas.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

Some simple techniques helpful in ant research.

Eight simple techniques which may be helpful in ant research are presented. They facilitate: (1) collecting ground-nesting ants; (2) prompting ants to go out of their nest chambers; (3) introducing ants into a test tube; (4) recapturing ants during their mass escape in the laboratory; (5) keeping tidy foraging areas of artificial ant nests; (6) keeping high level of air humidity in foraging areas of artificial ant nests; (7) providing ants with water of improved quality; (8) cleaning artificial ant nests carved in plaster of Paris.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Beneficial effects of infantile stimulation on coping (avoidance) behavior in rats are prevented by perinatal blockade of benzodiazepine receptors with Ro 15-1788.

The present study shows that postnatal 'consistent' handling (CH; which consisted of removing the pups from the nest and placing them individually in plastic cages lined with paper towel for a period of 15 min daily between 1 and 22 postnatal days) of rats had long-lasting improving effects on coping with a stressful task (i.e. enhancement on the early acquisition of two-way active avoidance), but such effects were completely prevented when CH treatment was combined with chronic perinatal Ro 15-1788 (7 mg/kg/day, between prenatal day 19 and postnatal day 22) administration (i.e. blockade of benzodiazepine receptor (BZR)). A long-lasting decremental effect was also observed in the same task in rats which received postnatal 'inconsistent' handling (INCH; in which stimulation of pups was changed every day between 1 and 22 postnatal days), without being affected by the concomitant perinatal Ro 15-1788 treatment. These results suggest that intact ontogeny of BZRs is necessary to obtain the enduring positive effects of CH on emotional behavior (i.e. early acquisition of two-way active avoidance).

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

HIV sexual risk-reduction interventions for youth: a review and methodological critique of randomized controlled trials.

The authors review and provide a methodological critique of randomized controlled studies of HIV risk reduction interventions that measured sexual risk behavior outcomes with adolescents. Studies conducted in school, community, and health care settings were reviewed. Overall, 13 of 23 interventions (57%) were effective in reducing sexual risk behavior. Methodological strengths of extant studies included an emphasis on a theoretical framework, evaluation of both individualized and group-intervention formats, use of multiple assessments of risk behavior (including biological outcomes), and inclusion of efficacy and effectiveness trials. Methodological limitations included limited evaluation of theoretical mediators of risk reduction, failure to report effect sizes, and lack of sustained findings. Inconsistencies were found in data analytic procedures and reporting, including how nested designs, skewed data, and attrition were addressed. Recommendations for designing methodologically rigorous interventions are provided.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Agonistic and reproductive interactions in Betta splendens.

Reproductive and agonistic behaviors in Siamese fighting fish were investigated in eight experiments, and some consequences and determinants of these sequences were isolated. First, fights and the formation of dominance-subordinancy relations were studied. Second, it was determined that large body size as well as males' prior residency in a tank produced an agonistic advantage; the magnitude of this advantage was positively related to the duration of residency. Third, the prior-residency effect in Bettas was determined by males' familiarity with visual and/or tactile cues in their home tanks. Fourth, dominant males had greater access to living space and were more likely to display at a mirror, build nests, and approach females than were subordinates. Finally, it was discovered that chemical cues associated with presumedly inert plastic tank dividers influence Bettas' social behavior.

Aggression↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The formation of a functional system of social exploration in the early postnatal period in rat development].

The early organization was studied of the littermate search functional system. The locomotor elements of exploratory behavior and development of social activity of single rat pups and in groups of three ones were analyzed under conditions of their isolation from mother and nest. The influence was demonstrated of the littermate presence on realization of different types of movements. The age was experimentally determined at which rat pups were capable for learning to seek for their littermates on the basis of olfactory clues.

Aging↗

PubMed2005

Housing pregnant mice (Mus musculus) in small groups facilitates the development of odor-based homing in offspring.

Infant mice (Mus musculus) born to dams housed in isolation throughout pregnancy (IsoPreg) begin differentially approaching homenest bedding over clean bedding on Postnatal Day 6. Offspring of dams housed with 2 other potentially pregnant conspecifics (SocPreg) display such homing behavior on Day 4. Earlier onset of homing reflects facilitated olfactory responsiveness in SocPreg pups, rather than qualitative or quantitative differences in IsoPreg versus SocPreg nest odors, body growth, or motoric capabilities. Exposing pregnant IsoPreg dams to SocPreg bedding also accelerated homing onset in the offspring, though not to the same extent as the full social context. Thus, it appears that the facilitation of homing is mediated through the pregnant dam by a combination of chemical cues and other social stimuli.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Ontogeny of behavioral arousal in rats: effect of maternal and sibling presence.

Spontaneous locomotor activity of 5- to 30-day-old rats housed either alone or in the presence of various components of the normal nest and litter stimuli was recorded by means of time-lapse videography. Developing animals observed alone showed a sharp increase in total daily locomotor activity from Day 5 to Day 15 followed by a rapid decline from Day 15 to Day 30. Individual animals observed in the context of the normal litter environment showed an entirely different pattern of development. They were relatively inactive during the first 15 days of life and then began a gradual increase of activity which continued for the next 15 days. The heightened activity characteristic of the isolated 15-day old inhibited by the presence of four siblings, an anesthetized lactating female, or an anesthetized adult male rat. Thermal conditioning, including heating of the floor to approximately nest temperature or the presence of a heated tube in one corner of the test apparatus, did not inhibit the heightened activity. These results question the generality of the ontogenetic sequence of excitation and inhibition proposed by Campbell and his associates - at least a portion of the heightened activity seem around 15 days of age was the result of isolation distress, not merely maturational changes in the brain.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2005

Age-related changes in the number and structure of synapses in the lip region of the mushroom bodies in the ant Pheidole dentata.

Behavioral development in the worker caste of many adult ants follows a pattern of task transitions that contribute to the division of labor within colonies. In the ant Pheidole dentata, the number of tasks that minor workers attend to increases as they progress from brood-care activities within the nest to acts outside the nest such as foraging and defense. In this study we investigated synapse maturation in the lip region of mushroom bodies in young and old minor workers because of its potentially crucial role in behavioral development, task performance, and repertoire expansion. As minor workers aged, individual presynaptic boutons enlarged and acquired more synapses and vesicles, but the total number of synapses in the lip region did not change significantly. Glial cell processes occupied less of the synaptic neuropil as ants matured. These findings indicate an expansion and enhancement of efficacy at specific sets of synaptic connections between the projection interneurons and Kenyon cell dendrites and a commensurate loss of other connections as minor workers age and expand their behavioral repertoire.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2003

The volumes of song control nuclei, HVC and lMAN, relate to differential behavioral responses of female European starlings to male songs produced within and outside of the breeding season.

In seasonally breeding songbirds, such as European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), male song plays a direct role in immediate mate attraction during, but not outside of, the breeding season. The present experiment was designed to explore whether female starlings would display differential behavioral responses to male song recorded during (spring) and outside of (fall) the breeding season. Recordings of spring and fall male starling songs were broadcast to female starlings from nest boxes in an aviary setting. Females displayed marked elevations in general activity (landing, eating, and drinking) in response to spring compared to fall song, however as a group females did not preferentially land on nest boxes playing spring song. The volume of the song control nucleus HVC was largest in females that landed more often on nest boxes during playbacks of spring song compared to fall song, and the volume of the lateral portions of the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (lMAN) related positively to the extent to which females directed landings towards nest boxes playing spring rather than fall song. A possible relationship was also detected between female preferences for male spring compared to fall song and the volume of the robust nucleus of the archistriatum. Female responses to spring and fall song did not relate to the volumes of area X, or to estrogen concentrations. These data provide evidence that females attend to and respond behaviorally to seasonal changes in male starling song, and implicate song control nuclei, HVC and lMAN, in female perception and discrimination of male song.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2006

Cytokeratin profile in mucoepidermoid carcinoma is not related to its histological grading of malignancy.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) and histologic grading in MEC. Eleven cases of MEC were selected and graded as low, intermediate and high-grade tumors. The expression of CKs 7, 8, 10, 13 and 14 was assessed immunohistochemically using streptavidin-biotin complex method. The results showed that the studied CKs were expressed in most cases of MEC, independently of histologic grading. Nonetheless, low-grade tumors demonstrated intense staining of CK 7 and 8; additionally, CK 10 and 13 were more pronounced in this grade. The immunoexpression was variable according to cellular type and organization pattern of the tumor. Mucous cells were positive for CK 7 and 8; epidermoid cells were stained for CK 10, 13 and 14; CK 7, 8, 10 and 14 were observed in intermediate cells, and CK 7 was occasionally seen in clear cells. Cystic structures and duct-like elements in MEC were positive for CK 7 and 8, whereas solid nests showed positivity for all CKs. These results suggest that expression profile of these proteins does not reflect the biological behavior of MCE, however, it guides the detection of cellular types and differential diagnosis from other salivary gland tumors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Templated deposition of MoS2 nanotubules using single source precursor and studies of their optical limiting properties.

We demonstrate a simple way of fabricating bulk quantities of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) porous nanotubules (NTs) by templated deposition from a single source precursor based on tetrakis(diethylaminodithiocarbomato)molybdate(IV). Bulk quantities of crystalline MoS2 NTs that consist of agglomerates of nested nanocapsules were obtained by this one-step evaporation method. We found that MoS2 NTs show good optical limiting behavior with 532-and 1064-nm nanosecond laser pulses, and the size-effect of the NTs on optical transmission was observed.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using concept maps and visual representations for collaborative curriculum development.

A picture is worth a thousand words, and in the development of collaborative curricula among colleges and universities, a concept map or visual representation may save thousands of hours of semantic wrangling. Using pictures in curriculum development allows participants with varying backgrounds to share their visions and values, and promotes work at the conceptual level before detailed planning proceeds. A curriculum development team found the use of concept mapping and visual representations to be one of their most valuable means of developing consensus among three faculty groups and practicing nurses. The authors examine concept mapping as a heuristic tool for curriculum development in the context of creating a joint collaborative nursing curriculum in two languages among a university and two community colleges. The use of other visual representations to compensate for some of the limitations of concept mapping are also described. Recommendations are made based on the authors' experience with these tools.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional role of adrenocorticotropin in the postnatal ontogenesis of rats].

It has been demonstrated by radioimmunoassay that blood ACTH content in young rats substantially rises during eye opening, maximal motor activity, and formation of the vegetative component of the orientation research activity. Under the conditions of an "open field", adrenocorticotropic activity in young rats increases to a greater degree than that in adult animals. This is especially demonstrable during the period of the maximal motor activity (day 16 of postnatal ontogenesis) and the period of nesting completion (day 28). It is concluded that ACTH plays an important functional role in the organization of the adaptive behavior in postnatal ontogenesis of rats.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1975

Ethological studies in the ant Tetramorium caespitum Mayr. II. Interspecific relationships.

The structure of relationships between the neighboring species of ants is characterized by great variability. What happens when particular individuals meet - depends upon considerable differences between individual behaviors of ants and a number of variable factors determining the actual emotional state of the workers. From these factors, it is the general structure of forces between the nests that changes slowest, and may be responsible for reaching temporary stabilization of the interspecific relationships. Invariable hierarchical structure between the species occurs very rarely: when there is an enormous supremacy of one of the species.

Animals↗

Refine your search to explore more results.