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[Trobicine].

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Conjunctivitis, Inclusion↗

Pre- and post-hatch ultrastructural and metabolic changes in the hatching muscle of turkey embryos from antibiotic and glucose treated eggs.

Hatching muscle of turkey embryos from eggs previously dipped in an antibiotic solution with or without glucose, was studied at three developmental stages, 'knocking', 'pipping' and 'post-hatch'. In both treated and untreated groups, occurrence of relaxed muscle fibres was more characteristic of pre-hatch than post-hatch stages. Glycogen decreased toward post-hatch in all groups while lactate increased in untreated and antibiotic groups. In the antibiotic group, glycogen was lower (all stages) and lactate higher (pre-hatch stages) than in the untreated group. In the glucose-added group, there was no reduction in glycogen, but glycolysis seemed to be further enhanced (as indicated by higher lactate) in pre-hatch stages. Thus, providing eggs with glucose may help maintain higher muscle glycogen level even during active glycolysis. The free fatty acid (FFA) level in the untreated group progressively increased from knocking to post-hatch, indicating mobilization of fat as fuel. The antibiotic group had a higher FFA level than the untreated group during knocking and pipping. In the glucose-added group, FFA at knocking was even higher than that at the corresponding stage in the antibiotic group.

Animals↗

[Genetic characteristics and protective properties of neamin-resistant mutant Salmonella typhimurium and S. dublin of the Nea(r) Str(s) and Nea(r) Str(r) 500 classes].

The genetic analysis of attenuated mutants, class Nea(r) Str(s), with the use of bacteriophage P 22 has shown that mutation rendering the mutants resistant to neamine is localized in gene nea A. In experiments with the intraperitoneal infection of mice, the appearance of this mutation in S. typhimurium and S. dublin virulent strains has been found to lead to the decrease of virulence in 100% of clones. On the basis of the data obtained in this investigation, region str-spc in S. typhimurium and S. dublin has been mapped. In contrast to mutation spc A, mutations nea A and str A have been shown to inhibit the action of amber suppressor. The investigation has confirmed the regularity, previously established for Shigella flexneri, concerning the relationship between the influence of mutations, occurring in the genes which determine resistance to neamine and streptomycin and control the synthesis of ribosomal proteins S4, S5, S12 and S17, on the virulence of S. typhimurium and S. dublin and the effect of these mutations on the accuracy of the translation of genetic information in the biosynthesis of protein: mutation spc A has been found to produce no changes in the virulence of salmonellae, while mutations nea A and str A cause its loss. Salmonella strains carrying mutations nea A and nea B have shown pronounced protective properties in experiments on mice.

Animals↗

A decade of PPNG in Singapore.

It has been more than 10 years since PPNG was first diagnosed in Singapore. Since then the prevalence of PPNG has increased progressively, and is now maintained at between 30 to 35% of all gonococcal infections inspite of a decrease in the overall incidence of gonorrhoea in Singapore. PPNG infections have been recorded with all forms of complicated gonorrhoea including pelvic inflammatory disease, ophthalmia and disseminated gonococcal infection. Penicillin alone cannot be used to treat gonorrhoea. The use of antibiotics active against PPNG and NPPNG both in uncomplicated and complicated gonorrhoea as first-line therapy is now essential. The medical cost of treatment of gonorrhoea has increased by 100 to 200% as a result of the emergence of PPNG.

Cephalosporins↗

Serological response to syphilis treatment. A new analysis of old data.

One important aspect of the posttreatment evaluation of patients with early syphilis is assessment of serological test results. Using information previously collected from 818 patients in the Early Syphilis Study, we evaluated the seroresponse of people treated for primary or secondary syphilis. We generated curves describing the VDRL titer declines with time. The VDRL titer declined approximately fourfold at three months and eightfold at six months. These observations will allow clinicians to identify treatment failures or reinfections at the earliest possible time during their follow-up.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

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