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Results for “construct validity”

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PubMed2005

Conceptualization and measurement of getting lost behavior in persons with early dementia.

BACKGROUND: The primary purpose of this preliminary research was to describe the psychometric properties of a newly-developed Everyday Spatial Questionnaire for Dementia-patient version (ESQD-P) in a Chinese population. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between executive functions and wayfinding strategy application. The ESQD-P is a measure for the phenomenon of 'getting lost behavior' (GLB) reported by early Alzheimer's disease sufferers, based on the concept of spatial problem-solving. METHODS: With a cross-sectional descriptive design, the ESQD-P was validated by examining for internal consistency, construct validity, concurrent validity, and exploratory factor analyses among 116 outpatients in the memory disorder clinic of a veterans' general hospital in Taiwan. Other variables included were: global cognition, measured by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument; stages of dementia, measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; and depressive symptoms, measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. RESULTS: Findings indicated that the Chinese ESQD-P is a reliable instrument for measuring GLB (internal consistency alpha = 0.73). A five-factor solution explained 55.45% of the score variance, while the correlations between the patient and proxy versions of this instrument yielded an acceptable concurrent validity. Executive functions can predict both global and analytic wayfinding strategies. CONCLUSIONS: GLB may be explained in part by declining executive functions. Deleting the coping strategies subscale may improve psychometric properties of the ESQD-P.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of two mental health outcome measures: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II and Lehman's Quality Of Life Interview.

This study presents data on the cultural adaptation to Latino populations of two outcome measures that respond to the need for developing comprehensive instruments for outcome assessments in minority populations. We examined the psychometric properties of outcome measures designed to assess impairment in functioning, and quality of life. Impairment in functioning was measured with the Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO-DASII) developed by the World Health Organization (1997) and quality of life was measured with A. F. Lehman's (A. F. Lehman, 1983; A. F. Lehman, 1988) shortened Quality of Life Interview (QOLI). Spanish speaking consumers (N = 198) from Fresno (CA), San Antonio (TX) and San Juan (PR) participated in this study. They were recruited from both mental health outpatient clinics and primary care rural clinics. The WHO-DASII showed good to excellent internal consistency in all sites (alpha = .72 to .97) except for one subscale (Self-Care alpha = .47). Test-retest reliability estimates were mostly moderate to substantial (.57 to .83), again with one exception, the Self-Care subscale (.46). For the QOLI internal consistency ranged from .34 to .98 and test-retest reliability ranged from .40 to .86 across all sites. An initial validation strategy using both known-groups and concurrent validity produced promising evidence of the construct validity of both measures. The Spanish versions of the WHO-DASII and the QOLI lend support to the translation and adaptation process to which these instruments were subjected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Validity criteria for exposure assessment methods.

The validity of any exposure assessment is an essential step in risk assessment. Following definitions of the various types of measurement validity, such as content, criterion and construct validity, and study validity, some shortcomings of actual exposure measurements are discussed. Both direct and indirect ways of measuring exposures to air, water and food pollutants are taken into consideration, with special attention being payed to indirect measurements using questionnaires and/or time-activity budgets. It is concluded that it is difficult to measure validity in an absolute way. Rather, a relative evaluation is possible comparing the validity of one result or study to that of another.

Environmental Exposure↗

PubMed1993

Subjective assessment of nutritional status-validity and reliability of a modified Detsky index in a Swedish setting.

In the search for a clinically useful nutritional index for use in a European context, we have translated an American nutritional assessment index - Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and tested the modified translated version for validity and reliability in a Swedish setting. Judgements by an expert panel resulted in a mean agreement of 71% for clarity, 80% for content validity and 65% for internal consistency. Construct validity was demonstrated by the use of contrasting patient-groups (n = 20) and by 90% agreement with a medical expert as 'gold standard' for unknown patients (n = 20). Inter-rater reliability showed 75% agreement by 3 Registered Nurses (RNs) (n = 20). The individual Kappas for the raters varied from 0.68 to 0.89. The study showed difficulties experienced by raters in relating certain aspects in the SGA-index to normality. However, we concluded that a modified SGA-index translated from one language to another, with all the problems of cultural and idiomatic differences, can be of value for assessing and documenting pre-operative nutritional status of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in a Swedish setting.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1989

Methodology for measuring health-state preferences--IV: Progress and a research agenda.

Remaining questions relative to the measurement of health-state preferences are outlined and applications discussed. We recommend more widespread use of functional measurement to better understand preference structures. Further research should be conducted on the reliability and validity of preference values produced by different scaling methods, including careful examination of the content validity of health-state descriptions. Construct validation studies using the multitrait-multimethod matrix would be useful as well as comparisons of stated preferences with revealed preferences. Despite the many unanswered measurement questions, preference values are currently being used in decision making at both the individual and societal levels. Several global health status measures incorporate preference values, and preferences are increasingly being used in cost-effectiveness studies. If preferences are to be used effectively, research on their measurement must accelerate to keep pace with the urgency for application.

Epidemiologic Methods↗

PubMed1996

Measuring functional limitations in rising and sitting down: development of a questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: Develop and test a self-administered questionnaire that measures perceived and actual functional limitations in rising and sitting down. SETTING: Private practices for physical therapy and outpatient clinics of hospitals and rehabilitation centers. PATIENTS: 345 outpatients (43% male, aged 14 to 92 years) with different grades of functional limitations and different types of lower extremity orthopedic or rheumatologic disorders. METHODS: The Questionnaire Rising and Sitting Down (QR&S) was developed on the basis of a literature review and careful operationalization of functional limitations. Five dimensions concerning different objects (high chair, low chair, toilet, bed, and car) and one global dimension were postulated to be contained in the instrument. Mokken scale analysis was used to test the postulated dimensions (scalability coefficient H). Furthermore, robustness with respect to patient characteristics was determined, as well as intratest reliability (reliability coefficient Rho), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), content validity (coverage of operationalized aspects), and construct validity (testing of seven hypotheses). RESULTS: Mokken scale analysis confirmed the existence of 5 object dimensions (H = .53-.59). However, two global dimensions were found (H = .50-.54). The resulting hierarchical scales, consisting of subsets of the 32 final QR&S items, are robust and measure functional limitations in a reliable (Rho .77-.91; ICC .72-.90) and valid (3 out of 4 aspects covered, 2 hypotheses rejected for 3 out of 7 scales) manner. CONCLUSION: The QR&S is a reliable and valid self-administered questionnaire. It consists of hierarchical scales and measures perceived and actual functional limitations in rising and sitting down.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

[Validation study of the Multidimensional Alcohol Craving Scale (MACS)].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Craving is a psychobiological phenomenon characteristic of addictive behaviours, which is difficult to assess due to its subjective nature and multidimensionality. The aim of this study was to validate a multidimensional alcohol craving scale (MACS) entirely developed in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The validation of the MACS was based on an observational study, carried out in 452 alcohol-dependent patients treated with naltrexone. The scales used as standards were an Analogic Visual Scale (AVS) for alcohol craving and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Validity, reliability and sensitivity were studied for the validation process. RESULTS: The factorial analysis (construct validity) showed that the scale had two factors: desire and behavioural disinhibition (lack of resistance). Their correlation values with the assessment scales were r = 0.56 and r = 0.50, respectively. The scale's internal consistency was alpha = 0.94. The correlation of the scores on the scale with the AVS oscillated between 0.56 and 0.46 (p < 0.01) throughout the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The MACS has good psychometric properties: it measures two craving factors --desire and behavioural disinhibition-- and may be considered as an accurate and precise instrument to use in both research studies and medical and psychological clinical practice.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Reasoning about scientific evidence: effects of juror gender and evidence quality on juror decisions in a hostile work environment case.

This study examined whether participants were sensitive to variations in the quality of an experiment discussed by an expert witness and whether they used heuristic cues when evaluating the expert evidence. In the context of a hostile work environment case, different versions of the expert testimony varied the presence of heuristic cues (i.e., whether the expert's research was generally accepted or ecologically valid) and evidence quality (i.e., the construct validity of the expert's research). Men who heard expert testimony were more likely to find that the plaintiff's workplace was hostile than were men who did not hear the expert testimony; expert testimony did not influence women's liability judgments. Heuristic cues influenced participant evaluations of the expert testimony validity, but evidence quality did not. Cross-examination did not increase juror sensitivity to evidence quality. Implications for science in the legal system are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Are medical postgraduate certification processes valid? A systematic review of the published evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To collate the published works on validation of assessments used in postgraduate medical certification. DESIGN: Systematic review of original papers on reliability and validity of assessments used in medical postgraduate certification. SETTING: Medical and education research databases. RESULTS: Fifty-five papers were identified from 1985 to 2000. A wide range of approaches to validation were employed. Inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were the most reported foci for validation. There were just two papers on consequential validity, and only a few on construct validity. These two forms of validity are considered central in recent general education writing. The majority of papers were from general and family practice. There was a noticeable lack of papers from the UK Royal Colleges (except the Royal College of General Practitioners), despite 5 years of the new unified grade and the renewed emphasis on the role of the Royal Colleges in setting assessment criteria. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relative scarcity of published papers on validation of assessment for postgraduate medical certification considering the influence these high stakes processes have on doctors career progression and employment opportunities. General and family practice institutions in a number of English speaking countries have set an example to others, by showing that rigour and transparency in assessment development and implementation can be reflected in publication.

Certification↗

PubMed1999

A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults.

Measuring lower body strength is critical in evaluating the functional performance of older adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability and the criterion-related and construct validity of a 30-s chair stand as a measure of lower body strength in adults over the age of 60 years. Seventy-six community-dwelling older adults (M age = 70.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study, which involved performing two 30-s chair-stand tests and two maximum leg-press tests, each conducted on separate days 2-5 days apart. Test-retest intraclass correlations of .84 for men and .92 for women, utilizing one-way analysis of variance procedures appropriate for a single trial, together with a nonsignificant change in scores from Day 1 testing to Day 2, indicate that the 30-s chair stand has good stability reliability. A moderately high correlation between chair-stand performance and maximum weight-adjusted leg-press performance for both men and women (r = .78 and .71, respectively) supports the criterion-related validity of the chair stand as a measure of lower body strength. Construct (or discriminant) validity of the chair stand was demonstrated by the test's ability to detect differences between various age and physical activity level groups. As expected, chair-stand performance decreased significantly across age groups in decades--from the 60s to the 70s to the 80s (p < .01) and was significantly lower for low-active participants than for high-active participants (p < .0001). It was concluded that the 30-s chair stand provides a reasonably reliable and valid indicator of lower body strength in generally active, community-dwelling older adults.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

The structure and invariance of a model of social functioning in schizophrenia.

The authors proposed and tested a model of social functioning in schizophrenia. The model consisted of five indicators: social competence, quality of relations, satisfaction, symmetry of relationships, and the number of close friends. The model combines proximal and distal, quality and quantity, and self-report and observer ratings of social functioning. It was designed to have ecological validity in that it reflects real-world social functioning, and the data are all gathered in reference to naturally occurring social contexts. Two independent community samples of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 172; N = 166) were used to test the structure of the measurement model and its invariance across samples. Additional measures of social functioning, prognosis, and intrapsychic deficits were used to further assess the validity of the proposed social functioning construct. A single-factor model had acceptable fit with the data from sample 1. The single-factor model was found to be invariant across the two independent samples. Correlations with other measures in both samples provided additional evidence for the construct validity of the proposed measurement model of social functioning. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Testing the reliability and validity of computer-mediated social support measures among older adults: a pilot study.

With the increasing number of older adult online users, the Internet and e-mail are becoming a new source of social support for older adults. To assess this computer-mediated social support, two traditional social support measures were modified: (1) the Lubben Social Network Scale and (2) the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of these modified measures. This study was a single group descriptive study with two data collection points. Data were collected using Web surveys. A total of 38 older adult participants completed the first survey; 35, the second survey. The findings of this preliminary study provided evidence for the reliability, content validity, and, to a limited extent, construct validity, of the modified measures. Additional studies with a larger representative sample are needed to further examine the psychometric aspects of these measures.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Developing an instrument to measure quality of life of patients with hyperhidrosis.

Quality of life (QOL) is an index of the state of wellness of an individual. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure quality of life of patients with hyperhidrosis. With a multi- dimensional model of QOL as the conceptual framework for instrument development, the study started from literature review which was followed by interviews with patients, staff nurses, and doctors to generate the original items for the instrument. The validity and reliability then were assessed. Six experts performed content validity (CVI =.70). Internal consistency and construct validity assessment followed. A quantitative research method was used in this study. During March 2002 to April 2003, 85 patients from the surgical outpatient clinic at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan were purposively recruifed as subjects. Written consent was obtained before subjects answered a questionnaire that should take 8-10 minutes to finish. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows 8.0. Mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, Cronbach ' s alpha, Pearson ' s correlation, and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors. They were functional, social interaction, personal affective, psychological and physical function. The coefficients of Cronbach ' s alpha for these five factors ranged from 0.71 to 0.94. These five factors explained 68.90 % of the variance in QOL among the patients with hyperhidrosis. The results showed that the instrument had satisfactory validity and reliability. Implications of these results for future studies were discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

The Child Report Form of the CHIP-Child Edition: reliability and validity.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition of the importance of obtaining children's reports of their health, but significant challenges must be overcome to do so in a systematic, population-based manner. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to present the initial tests of the Child Report Form of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE/CRF), a self-report health status instrument for children 6 to 11 years old. METHODS: Three studies iteratively evaluated revisions of the CHIP-CE/CRF in 4 geographic locations in the United States. Children (N=1708) whose families represent the low to middle socioeconomic strata and predominant U.S. racial/ethnic groups were involved. RESULTS: The final CHIP-CE/CRF includes 5 domains: Satisfaction (with self and health), Comfort (emotional and physical symptoms and limitations), Resilience (positive activities that promote health), Risk Avoidance (risky behaviors that influence future health), and Achievement (of social expectations in school and with peers). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the domains are good to excellent, with a definite age gradient such that younger children's responses are less reliable although still acceptable. Validity is supported through criterion and construct validity tests and structural analyses. Standard scores (mean, 50; standard deviation, 10) were established. CONCLUSIONS: Health status can be reliably and validly assessed directly from children 6 to 11 years old on the CHIP-CE/CRF. In combination with the CHIP-AE, self-reported health status can now be obtained from youth 6 to 18 years old using a consistent conceptual framework. This can greatly improve the precision and comparability of health assessments of youth, enhancing the validity of outcome research and longitudinal studies across childhood and adolescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2007

Paediatric Hepatology Dependency score (PHD score): an audit tool.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to develop a tool that measures patient dependency and disease severity in children with mild to severe liver disease. METHODS: The initial pilot score was based on known markers of disease severity in acute and chronic liver disease. Between 1997 and 2001, the score was modified 4 times and reduced to comprise 10 key parameters: aspartate transaminase, prothrombin time, albumin, bilirubin, ascites, nutritional support, organ dysfunction, blood product support, sepsis and intravenous access. The score's face validity, internal consistency, interobserver agreement and construct validity were evaluated statistically and by the use of endpoints such as survival and transplant after 6 months. RESULTS: The final 10 variable score was tested on 71 children admitted over two 3-month periods. The Cronbach's alpha score (a test for internal consistency) for the total score was 0.72. Serial data paralleled clinical deterioration and response to interventions. A Paediatric Hepatology Dependency score >15 had an odds ratio of 7 (P = 0.0125) for death or transplant at 6 months. The score was also found to agree with the paediatric end-stage liver disease score for the 12 patients being listed for liver transplantation (r = 0.660, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Paediatric Hepatology Dependency score is valid and internally consistent and is a convenient measure of dependency and disease severity in a heterogeneous group of patients with liver disease. It also allows admissions to be audited for comparison between eras and for monitoring the progress of patients while on the ward.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The development and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI).

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, reliable, and responsive disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for patients with shoulder instability. Development included 1) identification of a specific patient population; 2) generation of issues specific to the "disease" ("items") from reviewing the literature, interviewing health caregivers, and interviewing patients representing all demographics, disease type and severity, and treatments; 3) item reduction using patient-generated frequency-importance products and correlation matrices; and 4) pretesting the prototype instrument on 2 groups of 10 patients. The final instrument, the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, has 21 items representing 4 domains. The instrument attributes (validity, reliability, and responsiveness) were evaluated. Construct validation demonstrated that this index correlated predictably with other measures. Reliability was very high at 2 weeks and 3 months, and the index was more responsive (sensitive to change) than five other shoulder measurement tools (the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale; The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form; the UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale; the Constant Score; and the Rowe Rating Scale), a global health instrument (the SF12), and range of motion. Since the patient's perception of changes in health status is the most important indicator of the success of a treatment, we suggest that this measurement tool be used as the primary outcome measure to evaluate treatments in this patient population, although it can also be used for monitoring patients' progress in clinical practice.

Demography↗

PubMed2006

A systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) is a disease-specific measure of self-reported symptom severity and functional status. It is frequently used in the reporting of outcomes from trials into interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on the psychometric properties of the BCTQ to determine the level of evidence on the instrument's validity, reliability and responsiveness to date. METHODS: A search of the databases Medline, CINAHL, AMED and PsychInfo was conducted to retrieve studies which investigated one or more of the psychometric properties of the BCTQ. Data abstraction was undertaken by the first two authors. RESULTS: Ten studies were retrieved which met the inclusion criteria. One study evaluated face and content validity (43 patients) eight studies assessed construct validity (932 patients), four studies tested reliability (126 patients) and nine studies assessed responsiveness (986 patients). Interpretability was evaluated in one study and acceptability in eight studies (978 patients). CONCLUSION: The BCTQ is a standardised, patient-based outcome measure of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The evidence base of the psychometric properties indicates that the BCTQ is a valid, reliable, responsive and acceptable instrument and should be included as a primary outcome measures in future CTS trials.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗

PubMed2005

Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop a short, reliable, and valid measure of physical function and symptoms related to upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders by shortening the full, thirty-item DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) Outcome Measure. METHODS: Three item-reduction techniques were used on the cross-sectional field-testing data derived from a study of 407 patients with various upper-limb conditions. These techniques were the concept-retention method, the equidiscriminative item-total correlation, and the item response theory (Rasch modeling). Three eleven-item scales were created. Data from a longitudinal cohort study in which the DASH questionnaire was administered to 200 patients with shoulder and wrist/hand disorders were then used to assess the reliability (Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability) and validity (cross-sectional and longitudinal construct) of the three scales. Results were compared with those derived with the full DASH. RESULTS: The three versions were comparable with regard to their measurement properties. All had a Cronbach alpha of > or = 0.92 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of > or = 0.94. Evidence of construct validity was established (r > or = 0.64 with single-item indices of pain and function). The concept-retention method, the most subjective of the approaches to item reduction, ranked highest in terms of its similarity to the original DASH. CONCLUSIONS: The concept-retention version is named the QuickDASH. It contains eleven items and is similar with regard to scores and properties to the full DASH. A comparison of item-reduction approaches suggested that the retention of clinically sensible and important content produced a comparable, if not slightly better, instrument than did more statistically driven approaches.

Arm↗

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