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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Explant test with skin and peritoneum of the neonatal rat as a predictive test of tolerance of local anti-infective agents in wounds and body cavities].

In vitro culture of peritoneal explants of neonatal rats after previous application of agents simulating wound antisepsis is a sensitive screening method for the determination of the tissue compatibility of local wound antiinfectives. Two test models are differentiated: (1) separated peritoneal explants as a model for chronic or deep wounds and (2) peritoneum in situ in the experimental animal with subsequent extraction and cultivation of the explants. Considering the present state of knowledge the following conclusions can be drawn regarding antisepsis of wounds: Lavasept (0.1%) may be classified as the agent of choice for deep and chronic wounds, for drip-suck irrigation and for antiinfective lavage of body cavities inclusively for peritoneal lavage (0.05%). Taurolidin is antiseptically effective in long term application (> 6 h), and because of its antitoxic effect as well as lack of cytotoxicity it is especially suitable for peritoneal lavage. Betaisodona solution is very well suited for superficial contaminated wounds and can be used in a dilution of 1:10 for short-term rinsing of deep wounds, including body cavities but not for peritoneal lavage. Ethanol causes no inhibition of explant growth and therefore retains its importance in wound antisepsis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

[Prevention of infections transmitted by intravascular devices (catheters, implanted sites)].

Infection remains a major complication of central veinous catheters. A clinically or bacteriologically proven infection is identified in 5 to 10% of the cases although the actual risk varies from less than 1 to more than 30 episodes of infection per 1000 catheter-days. Systemic spread follows colonization of the catheter tip via the skin or the connectors, less frequently via hematogenous seeding from a distant focus of infection. Excepting emergency situations, search for proof of catheter-related infection or noninfection without removing the catheter now appears to be acceptable for selected intensive care patients if appropriate safety measures are taken; the reasonable choice is between maintaining the catheter while performing tests susceptible of determining the reality of catheter-related infection (in this case there remains a certain doubt concerning the respective performance of the different methods proposed for early diagnosis) and catheter exchange on a metal or plastic guide-wire. Rigorous application of the rules of hygiene, asepsis, and local care is crucial: systematic and repeated hand washing is by far the best antiinfectious prophylaxis. Three types of future developments susceptible of improving the current situation can be identified: better knowledge of host defense mechanisms against foreign bodies, reduction of hand-transmitted contamination by wider use of hydro-alcohol solutions for decontamination of the hands, and elaboration of new connectors, and most importantly, biomaterials capable of inhibiting colonization by the growing number of increasingly virulent strains. Discussions concerning the real clinical efficiency, ecological risk and the cost-effectiveness of catheters impregnated with antiseptics and/or antibiotics is a perfect illustration of the current debate.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1980

Antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine on bacteria of groin, perineum and vagina.

The antimicrobial effects of two chlorhexidine preparations, Hibiclens and Hibitane Tincture, were evaluated in 154 obstetric patients. Both agents produced bacterial kills of over 99% on skin bacteria of groin and perineum ten and 30 minutes after their application. Five minutes after vaginal cleansing with Hibiclens more than 99% of bacteria originally present were destroyed. Even though both preparations proved to be potent bactericidal agents, Hibitane Tincture cannot be recommended as a perigenital antiseptic since it causes vulvar irritation due to its high isopropanol content. With Hibiclens application to groin and perineal skin no side effects were observed. In one of 51 patients treated vaginally with Hibiclens a rather strong burning sensation occurred, without any aftereffect. Hibiclens seems to be a promising antiseptic for obstetric and gynecologic patients.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1980

Definition, prophylactic value and toxic hazard in the use of antiseptics.

Antiseptics are mainly microbiostatic, relatively insoluble compounds, with little ability to penetrate into the skin or the mucous membranes. They can be used prophylactically or therapeutically on various areas of the body surface (skin and the mucous membranes, e.g., of mouth, intestinal-, respiratory-, and urogenital tract). If used in this way, they do not generally cause toxic effects, though sensitization to safe antiseptics may occur. The use of chemotherapeutic agents as antiseptics should be avoided wherever possible, because of the risk of emergence of resistant bacteria; but it would be clearly indicated if this were the only way to save a patient's life. Resistance to antiseptics is less likely to emerge than to antibiotics.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of antiseptic treatment of alveolar surgical wounds on bacterial growth on cotton suture threads].

The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial growth on cotton suture. The efficiency of cetylpyridinium chloride (50%), hydrogen peroxide (3%) and chlorhexidine (0.12%) in antisepsis was investigated. For that, 20 patients who were submitted to extraction of impacted lower third molars were studied. Five days after extraction, samples were obtained from the oral and alveolar sides of the sutures, before and after antisepsis of the wounds, and were submitted to bacteriological analysis. Bacterial growth was observed in all examined samples. The number of streptococci decreased after antisepsis and there were no statistically significant differences between the methods of antisepsis used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Antiseptics and disinfectants.

Germicidal agents used as antiseptics and disinfectants play an important role in the control of infection in the veterinary patient. Critical to the proper use of germicidal agents in or around the veterinary patient is knowledge of efficacy and contraindications. The key to proper use of antiseptics and disinfectants is using the proper germicidal agent under conditions that maximize success and minimize complications. Although there are a number of germicidal agents commercially available, effective antisepsis and disinfection can be achieved through use of a few effective, yet safe germicides.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Management of radiation-induced otitis externa.

Four cases of otitis externa secondary to radiotherapy are described. This fairly common complication of irradiation to the head and neck, may impede a satisfactory completion of the therapy. Water precautions and regular otoscopic examination of the ears should be encouraged as prevention or early recognition of the condition is essential for the well being of the patient. The treatment of established otitis externa consists of frequent aural toilet and the application of weak antiseptic solutions. However, complete resolution will not occur until the cutaneous reaction has fully settled.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analyses comparing the antimicrobial activity and safety of current antiseptic agents: a review.

This article reviews the results and conclusions from four pivotal and two comparative clinical trials. The six randomized, controlled, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trials were conducted to determine which antiseptic is best for use as a patient preoperative skin preparation. The objective of these studies was to compare the immediate, persistent (residual), and cumulative antimicrobial efficacy and safety of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) combined with 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (ChloraPrep); another combination CHG and IPA antiseptic (CHG+IPA) and 2% aqueous CHG alone; 4% CHG (Hibiclens) alone; 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) alone; and an iodine-containing solution, 10% povidone-iodine (Betadine) alone as preoperative skin topical antiseptics for potential prevention of nosocomial infections.

2-Propanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of the antiseptic agents polyhexanide and octenidine on FL cells and on healing of experimental superficial aseptic wounds in piglets. A double-blind, randomised, stratified, controlled, parallel-group study.

The main target of the combination of octenidine with phenoxyethanol (Octenisept) is the antisepsis of acute wounds, whereas polyhexanide combined with polyethylene glycol in Ringer solution (Lavasept) is the agent of choice for antisepsis of chronic wounds and burns. Because comparative data for both agents on the effects on wound healing are lacking, we investigated the influence of preparations based on polyhexanide and octenidine versus placebo (Ringer solution) in experimental superficial aseptic skin wounds (n = 108) of 20 mm diameter, using a double-blind, randomised, stratified, controlled, parallel-group design in piglets. Computerised planimetry and histopathological methods were used for the assessment of wound healing. Histologically, no significant differences could be verified at any time between the 3 groups. However, in the early phase (day 9 after wounding), the octenidine-based product retarded wound contraction to a significantly greater extent than placebo and polyhexanide, whereas in the later phase (days 18 and 28), polyhexanide promoted contraction significantly more than did placebo and octenidine. The consequence is complete wound closure after 22.9 days using polyhexanide, in comparison to the placebo after 24.1 days (p < 0.05) and octenidine after 28.3 days (no statistical difference to placebo). This may be explained by the better tolerance of polyhexanide in vitro, which was demonstrated with dose and time dependence in cytotoxicity tests on human amnion cells.

Animals↗