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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Guided bone regeneration at immediate implant insertion and loading: a case report.

A tapered-end, SLA- (sandblasted and acid-etched) surfaced ITI implant was placed in a compromised ridge at the time of tooth removal. After placement of nonautogenous regenerative materials, the implant was immediately loaded with a provisional restoration within 2 hours of implant insertion. Six-month reentry demonstrated regeneration of lostalveolar bone surrounding the implant and clinical implant immobility. Clinical ramifications of these findings are discussed.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2004

Resolution of bone defects of varying dimension and configuration in the marginal portion of the peri-implant bone. An experimental study in the dog.

BACKGROUND: It was demonstrated that a marginal defect of about 1 mm between the bone wall and the metal surface after implant installation can heal with a high degree of bone fill and osseointegration. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present animal experiment was to study bone healing at implant sites with hard tissue defects of varying dimensions and configuration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four Labrador dogs were used. All mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted. After 3 months of healing, five experimental sites, two control (C1, C2) and three test (T1, T2, T3) sites, were identified. In all five sites, custom-made implants with a sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface and with an outer dimension of 3.3x10 mm, were used. In site C1, traditional implant installation was performed. In site C2, the marginal 5 mm of the canal, prepared for the implant, was widened to 5.3 mm using a step-drill. Thus, following the installation of the implant, a circumferential gap occurred between the bone tissue and the metal rod that was 5 mm deep and between 1 and 1.25 mm wide. In test site T1, the canal was widened to establish a marginal gap of 2-2.25 mm. In test sites T2 and T3, the marginal 5 mm of the canal was first widened to 5.3 mm (T2) or 7.3 mm (T3). The buccal bone wall opposite the defect was subsequently removed. Following the placement of a cover screw in sites C2, T1, T2, and T3, a resorbable membrane was placed over the defect. All implants were submerged. After 4 months of healing, block biopsies of each implant site were dissected and processed for ground sectioning. RESULTS: The observations disclosed that four-wall defects of different dimensions (1-2.25 mm wide) that occurred in the marginal portion of the recipient sites following implant installation were resolved during healing. Further, at sites where the buccal bone wall during defect preparation was intentionally removed, healing resulted in defect resolution at the mesial, distal, and lingual aspects. At the buccal aspects, healing was incomplete but the dimension of the defect was reduced by the limited amounts of new bone formation extending from the lateral and apical borders of the defect. CONCLUSION: Wide marginal defects may during healing be filled with bone. In such defects a high degree of osseointegration may occur to implants designed with an SLA surface.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2002

Third-generation biomedical materials.

Whereas second-generation biomaterials were designed to be either resorbable or bioactive, the next generation of biomaterials is combining these two properties, with the aim of developing materials that, once implanted, will help the body heal itself.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2002

Effect of gamma, ethylene oxide, electron beam, and plasma sterilization on the behaviour of SR-PLLA fibres in vitro.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various sterilization processes on the physical and mechanical properties of self-reinforced bioabsorbable fibres made out of polylactide (PLLA). The samples were sterilized using plasma, ethylene oxide (one and two cycles), gamma (25 kGy at room temperature, 25 kGy in dry ice, and 2 x 25 kGy at room temperature), and electron beam (15, 25, and 55 kGy) sterilization. The intrinsic viscosity, crystallinity, and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength) were tested before and immediately after each sterilization treatment, as well as up to 30 weeks in vitro. Compared with unsterilized fibres, the intrinsic viscosity was markedly decreased after radiation sterilization (gamma and electron beam) and the loss in mechanical properties was accelerated during in vitro degradation. Plasma and ethylene oxide (one and two cycles) did not markedly alter the properties of the samples after sterilization or during in vitro degradation. These data are important for determining the effect of various sterilization processes on the physical and mechanical properties of polylactide-based materials and can be used to predict how fast degradation of the mechanical properties of the self-reinforced PLLA will occur. They can also be used to tailor the degradation kinetics to optimize implant design.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Lysine requirement of finishing pigs administered porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant.

To alleviate the need for daily injection of porcine somatotropin (pST), a sustained-release implant (pSTSR) was devised that continuously delivers a daily dose of 2 mg of pST for 42 d. Ninety-six white composite (Large White x Landrace) finishing barrows (83.6 +/- 1.2 kg BW) were assigned to receive zero or two pSTSR implants (4 mg pST/d) and to consume one of six diets differing in total Lys concentration (0.29, 0.52, 0.75, 0.98, 1.21, or 1.44%, as-fed basis). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and based on the ideal protein concept. Pigs were housed individually, allowed ad libitum access to feed and water, and slaughtered at 112 kg of BW. The pSTSR affected neither ADG (P = 0.88) nor 10th rib LM area (LMA; P = 0.51), but it decreased (P < 0.01) ADFI, average backfat thickness, 10th rib fat depth, weights of leaf fat and ham fat, improved (P < 0.05) G:F, and increased (P < 0.01) weights of four trimmed lean cuts (T-cuts), and percentages of ham lean and bone. Increasing total Lys increased ADG (quadratic; P < 0.05) and ADFI (linear; P < 0.01). The G:F, plasma urea N concentrations (PUN), and T-cuts were affected by the interaction pSTSR x dietary Lys (P < 0.01). Without pSTSR, the G:F did not differ (P = 0.37) among pigs fed 0.52% and greater total Lys. With pSTSR, the G:F was less (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 0.52% than 0.98 and 1.44% total Lys. Increases in dietary total Lys resulted in increased PUN (P < 0.01), and incremental increases were less in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Maximal yield of T-cuts was at 0.98% dietary total Lys in nonimplanted pigs and 1.21% total Lys in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Estimates of total Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.52 and 0.86% for growth (ADG and G:F) and 0.73 and 0.88% for lean production (LMA and T-cuts). Equivalent apparent ileal digestible Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.44 and 0.68% for growth, and 0.62 and 0.75% for lean production. With ADFI of 3.5 kg daily, an intake of approximately 26.1 g of total daily Lys (0.75%) or 22.4 g of apparent ileal digestible Lys is needed to maximize lean production in finishing barrows receiving 4 mg pST/d via sustained-release implant.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

NuGen Fx bioabsorbable screws: a preliminary report of their use in foot surgery.

A single prospective group study in adults was performed using a new bioabsorbable screw, the NuGen Fx screw (Linvatec Biomaterials Ltd, Tampere, Finland). This multisite study included five sites and 50 patients (10 patients per site). The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the NuGen Fx screw system in the fixation of osteotomies, arthrodeses, and fractures in the foot and ankle. We discuss our own results from 12 patients treated at the Kentucky Podiatric Residency Program at Norton Audubon Hospital, Louisville. The number of patients in the study, screw sizes, instrumentation, radiologic evaluation findings, and our overview of this implant are presented.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2000

Immediate transmucosal implant placement: a report of 2 cases.

Immediate placement of implants into fresh extraction sockets has the advantages of decreasing the recommended period of healing, reducing the resorption of the alveolar bone, and achieving optimal esthetic results. A high rate of success with immediately placed implants has been reported in the literature. Conventional intervention involves 2 or 3 surgical visits, and this may not be accepted by the patient or may be of some inconvenience. The technique described involves only one surgical visit at which a transmucosal endosseous root-form implant is inserted, followed by application of a resorbable membrane.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2001

Exposure rates of wrapped and unwrapped orbital implants following enucleation.

PURPOSE: To compare the complication rate of porous polyethylene orbital motility implants with solid acrylic implants following enucleation and identify possible risk factors. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of a total of 117 consecutive enucleations performed at the University of Illinois at Chicago between March 28, 1994, and May 28, 1999. Data obtained included patient demographics, surgical indication, implant type, attending surgeon, surgical technique, and any reported complications. The primary outcome was presence or absence of implant exposure at the final recorded visit. RESULTS: Of the 117 identified cases, 29 were eliminated due to insufficient follow-up data. Of the 88 remaining cases, 48 patients received porous implants and 40 received solid acrylic implants. Implant exposure developed in four cases. All exposures occurred in unwrapped porous polyethylene implants (n=2) or porous polyethylene implants wrapped in absorbable material (n=2). All exposures occurred in patients younger than 18 years of age, and 75% occurred early after trauma-associated enucleation surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure rate of porous polyethylene implants in this study (9%) was found to be comparable to published rates for hydroxyapatite implants. There were no exposures of unwrapped solid acrylic spheres. Unwrapped porous implants in pediatric patients or following trauma-related enucleation may represent an increased risk for postoperative implant exposure. Absorbable wrapping of porous implants may carry the same risk for exposure as no wrapping. Porous implants wrapped in durable material appear to be as safe as solid acrylic spheres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[In vivo study of degradation of poly-(D,L-) lactide and poly-(L-lactide-co-glycolide) osteosynthesis material].

AIMS: Comparison of the degradation of poly(D,L)lactide (Resorb X) or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (LactoSorb) in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: LactoSorb and Resorb X osteosynthesis plates were fixed at the lateral aspect of the femora of 26 Chinchilla rabbits using the respective osteosynthesis screws. After intraperitoneal injection of fluorochromes the screw plate bone blocks were resected after 1, 6, 12, 14, 16, 21, 26 months and radiologic, histologic as well as fluorescence microscopic examinations were carried out. RESULTS: Newly formed bone was detectable above and beneath the polymers 1 month after the implantation. The implants were totally covered by newly formed bone after 6 months. While the LactoSorb screws were found to be as birefringent as after 1 month, in the Resorb X screws a continuous resorption by phagocytizing marrow cells starting from the periphery was detectable. Resorb X was totally resorbed in histologic slides 12 months after implantation, while total resorption of LactoSorb lasted 14 months; both polymers were replaced by marrow cells. Bone remodeling was not finished 26 months after implantation in both polymers. CONCLUSION: Resorption of Resorb X was finished earlier than the resorption of LactoSorb. Both materials were found by fluorescence microscope to be completely resorbed after 12 or 14 months, but bone remodeling of the screw holes was not yet finished 26 months after implantation.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of crosslinked high amylose starch matrix implants. 2. In vivo release of ciprofloxacin.

The purpose of this study was to develop a crosslinked high amylose starch (CLHAS) matrix implant as a sustained antimicrobial delivery system for local prevention and/or treatment of osteomyelitis. Implants (200 mg) of CLHAS containing 2.5% (5 mg), 7.5% (15 mg), 15.0% (30 mg) and 20.0% (40 mg) of ciprofloxacin (CFX), were prepared by direct compression of dry blends. Rabbits were administered six 2.5, two 7.5, one 15.0 or one 20.0%-CFX implants along the femur between the quadriceps and biceps femoris muscles to determine systemic (serum) versus local (muscle and bone) CFX concentrations over 1 month. Blood samples were taken throughout the study for CFX assay. Muscle and femur were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after implantation for host response evaluation and CFX assay. Residual polymer was explanted to determine the remaining dose of CFX. All animals remained healthy during the study. Local tissue reaction was mild and limited to the implantation site. Serum CFX concentrations remained low regardless of implant loading. Increased drug loading resulted in a higher and longer release of CFX in muscle and in bone. Local CFX concentrations were detected largely in excess of the MIC over 28 days with 20.0%-CFX implants. More residual CFX in polymer was detected over a longer period of time at high loading. These results strongly support the development of CLHAS implants for local antibacterial therapy.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1999

Bioabsorbable suture anchor (co-polymer 85/15 D,L lactide/glycolide) implanted in bone: correlation of physical/mechanical properties, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological response.

A novel bioabsorbable suture anchor has been introduced for shoulder rotator cuff surgical repair made of the co-polymer 85/15 D,L lactide/glycolide. Previous clinical reports on the use of this material in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have described intraosseous edema at various time intervals following implantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implant's loss of physical properties and to correlate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding with gross and histological observations at various time intervals after intraosseous implantation in the experimental animal. Six drill holes were made in the tibias of 11 dogs. The spherical implant was placed in 5 of the drill holes and the sixth was preserved as a sham control. The dogs were killed at 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 26 weeks for gross and microscopic inspection. Correlative MRIs were taken from the 4-, 12-, and 26-week specimens. Gross inspection showed that the overlying soft tissue healed to bone in 3 weeks. The implants were surrounded by new bone by 6 weeks. The implants maintained gross physical integrity for 6 to 12 weeks. Histologically, there was minimal inflammatory response to the degrading implant. The implant site had been completely replaced by bone at 12 weeks. Correlative MRI showed edema adjacent to the implant sites, but there was no correlative inflammation or cyst formation through the time necessary for complete absorption of the implant. Correlative MRI identified and differentiated the image of the intact and degrading implant.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2001

Tissue engineering research in oral implant surgery.

In this article, we introduce some of the more extensively evaluated technologies using concepts of tissue engineering. We report on hard tissue engineering and soft tissue engineering and their utility for dental implant therapy. For hard tissue engineering, we evaluated human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 and marrow mesenchymal stem cells using a model of sinus augmentation procedure in rabbit. We also describe distraction osteogenesis as another category for hard tissue engineering. In addition, we evaluate soft tissue management using cultured epithelial grafting for soft tissue engineering. The results of our tissue regeneration materials and methods in this study are positive. When the tissue engineering materials are used in clinics in the future, implant surgery could be the leading field.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2000

Use of collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration: a review.

There has been an increase in the use of the resorbable membranes that do not require a second stage surgery for removal in guided bone regeneration. The purpose of this review is to discuss the immune response of the host to the collagen, the use of resorbable membranes derived from Type I collagen of bovine Achilles tendon around dental implants, and its potential significance in the future of dental implantology.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2003

Biocorrosion of magnesium alloys: a new principle in cardiovascular implant technology?

OBJECTIVES: To develop and test a new concept of the degradation kinetics of newly developed coronary stents consisting of magnesium alloys. METHODS: Design of a coronary stent prototype consisting of the non-commercial magnesium based alloy AE21 (containing 2% aluminium and 1% rare earths) with an expected 50% loss of mass within six months. Eleven domestic pigs underwent coronary implantation of 20 stents (overstretch injury). RESULTS: No stent caused major problems during implantation or showed signs of initial breakage in the histological evaluation. There were no thromboembolic events. Quantitative angiography at follow up showed a significant (p < 0.01) 40% loss of perfused lumen diameter between days 10 and 35, corresponding to neointima formation seen on histological analysis, and a 25% re-enlargement (p < 0.05) between days 35 and 56 caused by vascular remodelling (based on intravascular ultrasound) resulting from the loss of mechanical integrity of the stent. Inflammation (p < 0.001) and neointimal plaque area (p < 0.05) depended significantly on injury score. Planimetric degradation correlated with time (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Vascular implants consisting of magnesium alloy degradable by biocorrosion seem to be a realistic alternative to permanent implants.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2001

Use of a bioabsorbable implant for the repair of severed digital flexor tendons in four horses.

A new bioabsorbable implant composed of poly-L-lactic acid was used to repair the severed digital flexor tendons of four horses. The limbs were immobilised with distal casts which were changed after six to eight weeks and removed after 12 to 16 weeks. The horses were followed clinically and ultrasonographically for from seven to 19 months after the surgery. The ultrasonographic examination after the cast had been removed showed that the implants had been well incorporated into scar tissue. Two of the horses were mildly lame at the trot seven months after the surgery, but had returned to work after 12 months. The other two horses are still lame. No complications were observed with the implant.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Biocompatibility and long-term toxicity of InnoPol implant, a biodegradable polymer scaffold.

InnoPol, a poly((D,L)-lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] 65/35 scaffold manufactured by special gas foaming methods in Korea, was subjected to tests to evaluate the degradation and tissue compatibility characteristics and long-term systemic toxicity in mice and rats. C57BL/6 mice and SD rats were implanted subcutaneously with 3-mm- and 1-mm-thick InnoPol circular discs, 10 mm in diameter, respectively, and sacrificed 8, 12, and 24 weeks after implantation. No test material-related effects were observed in mortality, clinical signs, body weight gain, food and water consumption, ophthalmologic signs, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry parameters and organ weights of all animals implanted with InnoPol. Also, there were no systemic symptoms including metabolic alterations and inflammatory reactions in either mice or rats. In addition, no gross pathological findings, except skin lesions around the implantation sites, were found in the major organs. Although mild inflammation at the site of InnoPol implantation was confirmed from hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome staining at 8-12 weeks, the reactions had disappeared at 24 weeks following complete degradation of the scaffold, leaving granulomatous tissues that were similar to surgical wounds in sham operation controls without implants. These results suggest that InnoPol possesses good mechanical properties and tissue compatibility and does not cause any systemic toxicity other than transient local inflammatory reactions at the implantation site, and that it might be useful in applications as a medical device for implantation.

Absorbable Implants↗