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A functioning black adenoma of the adrenal cortex: a clinico-pathological entity.

A 25-year-old woman is described who had suspected hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. She complained of fatiguability, excessive hair growth, and attacks of swelling of the face, hands, and ankles. Moreover she had a ;moon face', hypertension, a ;buffalo hump', and livid striae of the loins and hypogastrium. Adrenal function tests yielded values which could not be clearly interpreted. Operation showed a ;black adenoma' of the adrenal cortex on the right side. As far as it is known this is the first published case of this extremely rare lesion which was operated upon and caused nearly complete remission of the endocrine disturbance.

Adenoma↗

Assessment of adrenal glucocorticoid function. Which tests are appropriate for screening?

The rapid cosyntropin stimulation test offers a simple means for detecting adrenal insufficiency. In contrast, assessment of suspected hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) is difficult because cortisol levels fluctuate with intermittent release of corticotropin from the pituitary or from tumors. Also, a number of medications affect cortisol levels, leading to false-positive or false-negative results. The classic low-dose followed by high-dose dexamethasone test is cumbersome, and other, simpler studies, such as the overnight high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, may prove more practical and cost-effective. With both high and low levels of adrenal glucocorticoids, awareness and early recognition of the symptoms are important. An endocrinologist should be consulted when the overnight dexamethasone suppression test or the 24-hour urine cortisol collection is abnormal or if clinical suspicion is high despite normal results on screening tests.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗

[Endocrinological aspects of ketotic hypoglycemia and adrenal calcification (author's transl)].

Case report on a 2 6/12 years old girl with bilateral adrenal calcifications and ketotic hypoglycemia. Adrenal function tests showed a normal response of the adrenal cortex but signs of adrenal medullary insufficiency. Urinary adrenaline in samples before and after insulin did not increase significantly and plasma adrenaline was undetectable during hypoglycemia. We suggest, that the absence of adrenaline, caused by perinatal adrenal hemorrhagia, is one of the possible pathogenetic keys of ketotic hypoglycemia and examinations on this disease should always include the search for adrenal calcifications.

Acidosis↗