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Results for “Anatomic Variation”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Ultrasound anatomy of the prostate: the normal gland and anatomical variations.

Knowledge of the normal prostatic anatomy is paramount to understanding the pathological conditions of the gland observed on ultrasound imaging. Through transverse and sagittal histological sections of normal prostates, model ultrasound images of the prostate and periprostatic tissues were constructed. Various shades of gray were assigned to these structures depending upon the histological composition. We found that ultrasonic characteristics of the normal prostate and its surrounding tissues could be predicted accurately by knowledge of the histology of these structures. Histological sections of 100 prostates from patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound and subsequent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were examined. The congenital anatomical variations observed in this group are described histologically and sonographically. Caudal formation of the ejaculatory ducts within the central zone occurred in 18% of the cases, abnormal posterior penetration of the ejaculatory ducts at the rectal surface in 12% and abnormally large muscle bundles with the ejaculatory duct sheath in 6%. Concomitant ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle dilatation was observed in 5% of the patients, whereas dilated ejaculatory ducts alone, dilated seminal vesicles alone and cystic utricles each were seen in 2%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Influence of anatomical variations of the pancreatic artery on the surgical technic of segmental pancreas transplantation in dogs].

The surgical technique in clinical pancreas transplantation is still not standardized. Animal experimentation should allow a reproducible and reliable model by choosing the cervical region in dogs as the site of segmental grafting. A goal of the experiments was to determine the influence of preservation, operation technique, duct occlusion, immunosuppression, and gastrointestinal hormones (Somatostatin, Cyclosporin A). 50 grafts have been transplanted. It could be clearly demonstrated that in 54% the vascularization of the left lobe of the canine pancreas differs extremely from man. Successful results are to expect being aware of the anatomical variations. The varieties of the arterial blood supply indicate which technique has to be performed to avoid ischemic grafts due to inadequate preservation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Fusiform enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal: a rare anatomic variation.

To determine the standard width and shape of the nasolacrimal canal (NLC) in the coronal plane, a retrospective review of 950 coronal paranasal CT sections was undertaken. The coronal diameter of NLC was measured at its upper and lower ends and anomalies in its configuration noted. The mean diameters of the NLC were 4.8 +/- 1.2 mm and 4.7 +/- 1.1 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. There was no difference in the mean NLC diameter between the right and left sides, upper and lower portions or males and females. In two cases, an abnormal dilation of the NLC at its inferior portion was encountered. A marked enlargement of the NLC can occur in the absence of a neoplastic or obstructive process and may be detected as an isolated finding representing idiopathic or congenital enlargement. Segmental NLC dilatation is not always an indicator of pathology, particularly in asymptomatic cases, and should be considered a rare anatomic variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Anatomical variation at the saphenofemoral junction.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to document the surgical anatomy of the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ). METHODS: The anatomy of the SFJ was recorded diagrammatically in 2089 consecutive groin dissections performed to treat primary varicose veins. The number of primary tributaries, bifid systems, junctional tributaries and the relationship of the external pudendal artery (EPA) to the long saphenous vein (LSV) were recorded. RESULTS: The LSV was bifid in 18.1 per cent of legs. The number of tributaries at the SFJ varied from one to ten. In 33.4 per cent one or more (junctional) tributaries joined the LSV or common femoral vein deep to the deep fascia. The EPA crossed anterior to 16.8 per cent of LSVs. In 4.6 per cent it passed posterior to one large tributary or trunk of a bifid LSV and anterior to the second trunk, making identification of the second trunk particularly difficult. CONCLUSION: A thorough understanding of the anatomical variations of the SFJ is important in ensuring that the junction is managed safely and adequately in patients with varicose veins. Failure to appreciate these variations may account for a significant proportion of inadequate primary varicose vein surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Anatomical variations of the sural nerve.

An anatomical study of the formation of the sural nerve (SN) was carried out on 76 Thai cadavers. The results revealed that 67.1% of the SNs were formed by the union of the medial sural cutaneous nerve (MSCN) and the lateral sural cutaneous nerve (LSCN); the MSCN and LSCN are branches of the tibial and the common fibular (peroneal) nerves, respectively. The site of union was variable: 5.9% in the popliteal fossa, 1.9% in the middle third of the leg, 66.7% in the lower third of the leg, and 25.5% at or just below the ankle. One SN (0.7%) was formed by the union of the MSCN and a different branch of the common fibular nerve, running parallel and medial to but not connecting with the LSCN, which joined the MSCN in the lower third of the leg. The remaining 32.2% of the SNs were a direct continuation of the MSCN. The SNs ranged from 6-30 cm (mean = 14.41 cm) in length with a range in diameter of 3.5-3.8 mm (mean = 3.61 mm), and were easily located 1-1.5 cm posterior to the posterior border of the lateral malleolus. The LSCNs were 15-32 cm long (mean = 22.48 cm) with a diameter between 2.7-3.4 mm (mean = 3.22 mm); the MSCNs were 17-31 cm long (mean = 20.42 cm) with a diameter between 2.3-2.5 mm (mean = 2.41 mm). Clinically, the SN is widely used for both diagnostic (biopsy and nerve conduction velocity studies) and therapeutic purposes (nerve grafting) and the LSCN is used for a sensate free flap; thus, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the SN and its contributing nerves are important in carrying out these and other procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment of the wrist. A clinical and anatomical study.

We studied 300 wrists from cadavera and the wrists of forty patients with de Quervain disease to determine the variation in the pattern of the tendons and septa in the first extensor compartment. In 75 per cent of the wrists from cadavera, we found that the number of tendons within the compartment differed from what is considered standard; there was complete or partial septation in 40 per cent. In about a third of the specimens from cadavera, the first extensor compartment was divided by a septum and two tendons or more were present within the major subcompartment. These features might readily result in inadequate decompression of the compartment in the treatment of de Quervain disease. In our prospective study of forty patients with de Quervain disease, septation was found in twenty-seven. There was no significant difference between the number of patients and the number of specimens from cadavera that had no, one, or two accessory abductor tendons.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2000

Anatomical variations of the human suprarenal arteries.

This is on anatomical study of the suprarenal arteries and their variations in 30 cadavers aimed at providing in a subsequent article the anatomical basis of arterial segments of the gland. The suprarenal glands were supplied by 3 main groups of suprarenal arteries: superior, middle and inferior. Only the superior and the inferior groups were present in all cases, since the middle vessels appeared in only 93.3% +/- 4.6 of the cases. The superior group included on each side 4 arteries in males and 5 in females; the middle group presented only 1 artery on each side in both males and females, and the inferior group exhibited on each side 2 arteries in males and 1 artery in females. The most variable group was the middle one, the aortic origin being the most frequent but with a relatively low incidence (53.3% +/- 9.1 on the right and 46.7% +/- 9.1 on the left). The superior group originated from the posterior branch of the ipsilateral inferior phrenic artery in 83.3% +/- 6.8 on the right and 80% +/- 7.3 on the left. The arteries of the inferior group were branches of the ipsilateral renal artery in 70% +/- 8.4 on the right and 50% +/- 9.1 on the left. The origin of the middle suprarenal arteries from the trunk of the inferior phrenic artery on both sides (26.7% +/- 8.1 on the right and 36.7% +/- 8.8 on the left) should be considered relevant. The anatomical findings warrant a further investigation for the identification, illustration and nomenclature of arterial anatomicosurgical segments.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of anatomic variations encountered in elective carpal tunnel release.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of aberrant or unexpected anatomic structures within one surgeon's elective experience of carpal tunnel releases and their association with pathologic compression. METHODS: A total of 31 anomalies of median nerve, muscle, and tendon, median artery persistence, and ulnar nerve were documented in 30 hands during the course of 526 elective carpal tunnel releases in one surgeon's practice. The data collected were reviewed retrospectively. All carpal tunnel releases were performed open, exposing the median nerve from the palmar arch to the proximal wrist crease. Anomalies were categorized into those involving the median nerve and its motor and sensory branches, the ulnar nerve, a persistent median artery, and anomalies of muscle/tendon units traversing the carpal tunnel area. RESULTS: Seven hands were noted to have aberrant muscle/tendon variations within the carpal tunnel region (1.3%). Anomalies of the median nerve or its palmar cutaneous or motor branches were observed in 5 hands (1.0%). An anomaly of the ulnar nerve with an aberrant branch crossing the carpal tunnel incision occurred in one hand. A persistent median artery (>or=1 mm) was noted in 18 hands (3.4%). One hand had 2 anomalies present. One anomaly was high bifurcation of the median nerve and the second anomaly was an anomalous muscle to the long finger superficialis. CONCLUSIONS: The specific anatomic variations described may be anticipated and more readily recognized by hand surgeons during such open surgery, thus increasing the efficacy and safety of this common procedure.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Laparoscopic variability of the internal inguinal ring: review of anatomical variation in children with and without a patent processus vaginalis.

PURPOSE: Diagnostic laparoscopy is routinely performed at our institution in children with a unilateral inguinal hernia to determine whether the contralateral processus vaginalis is patent. We reviewed the anatomical variability of the inguinal ring at laparoscopy in children with and without a hernia in various age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since 1992, we have performed diagnostic laparoscopy in more than 1,500 children with a known inguinal hernia. Intraoperative imaging was correlated with clinical and operative findings to characterize the anatomical variability of the internal ring. RESULTS: The internal ring had many variations. The photographs presented show evidence of the progression from the flat closed ring to the widely open sac. Clefts and veils of peritoneum sometimes made determining the exact anatomy difficult. Experience shows that the various anatomical variations are associated with different pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Characterization of the anatomical variability of the internal ring is essential for determining the patency of the processus vaginalis at diagnostic laparoscopy in children with a known inguinal hernia. We classified these variations in accordance with clinical and surgical findings.

Hernia, Inguinal↗