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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Potential cytotoxic effect of chronic administration of creatine, a nutrition supplement to augment athletic performance.

Creatine is alleged to be an ergogenic aid to enhance sports performance and recently became a popular sports nutrition supplement. Although short-term supplementation of creatine has not been associated with major health risks, the safety of prolonged use has caused some concern. The present study demonstrates that creatine is metabolized to methylamine, which is further converted to formaldehyde by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). Formaldehyde is well known to cross-link proteins and DNAs, and known to be a major environmental risk factor. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been recently proposed to be related to pathological conditions such as vascular damage, diabetic complications, nephropathy, etc. Chronic administration of a large quantity of creatine can increase the production of formaldehyde, which may potentially cause serious unwanted side-effects.

Creatine↗
PubMed1987

[Conservative functional treatment of fibular capsule ligament rupture even in the performance athlete?].

In a prospective randomised study we examined 80 men and women of 18 to 45 years of age and 40 competitive sportsmen and sportswomen with fresh ruptures of the talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments treated either surgically or conservatively by functional bracing. We controlled the results by anamnesis and by clinical and radiological follow-up. Conservative treatment leads to the same results after 3-8 months as surgical treatment (5 +/- 2 degrees of talar angulation). Functional conservative treatment results in earlier painless weight bearing in comparison to the surgical treatment which was, however, combined with three weeks immobilization directly after surgery. This proves the superiority of the early functional conservative treatment as long as there are no bony capsuloligamentous tears, osseocartilaginous lesions of the joint surface with splintered-off chips or "flakes" of cartilage ("flake fractures") or reruptures of a chronically unstable ankle joint. The similarly good results achieved in the group of 40 sportsmen and sportswomen by early functional conservative treatment do not justify operation of ruptures of the talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Power laws and athletic performance.

In a previous study, we showed that the 1992 men's world record running times in the 100 m to 200 km could be represented accurately by the equation T = cDn, where T is the calculated record time for distance D, and c and n are positive constants. Here, we extend that to cover the years 1925-65 at 10-year intervals and 1970-95 in 5-year intervals for distances of 100 m to 10 km. Values of n for all years lie along a straight line with a small negative slope. A regression analysis yields an equation for values of n covering the period 1925-95. Values of c from 1925 to 1995 were fitted by a quadratic equation. These two equations define a surface in three-dimensional space (log(T), log(D), data) for all men's world record runs over the 70-year period for distances of 100 m to 10 km. We also demonstrated previously that event times, t, do not scatter randomly with respect to the values of T but form a consistent pattern about the straight lines in log(T) versus log(D) plots. In this study, we show that the pattern of (t-T)/t as a function of date has remained constant for the past 70 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Adult age trends in athletic performances.

Aged trends in male, world record, track and field performances were examined over the 40-69 years age range. Five hypotheses were compared with respect to accuracy of prediction of differential age trends across events. The only hypothesis to yield statistically significant predictions was termed that of energy expenditure-supply ratio. This hypothesis predicts performance changes with age to exhibit steeper overall declines for events for events associated with higher maximal force transmissions, relative to the available (anaerobic or aerobic) energy supply.

Adult↗