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Catalog card production with a programmable terminal.

Application of a programmable terminal and printer to the cataloging task of a small medical library is described. The application is independent of a computer; the terminal is used in "local" mode only. Full sets of catalog cards are produced, following a single typing of descriptive cataloging data and tracings. Books can be cataloged the same day they are received. Actual cost per book is just over a dollar, for equipment rental, card stock, and the cataloger's time at the console, after call number, tracings, and main entry for the book have been determined.

Catalogs, Library↗

Available pathways database (APD): an essential resource for combinatorial biology.

A relational database, the Available Pathways Database (APD), has been constructed of microbial natural products, their producing strains, and their biosynthetic pathways. The database allows the ready selection of donor strains for combinatorial biology experiments. It provides the same type of resource for combinatorial biology as the Available Chemicals Directory (ACD) does for combinatorial chemical library generation. Its cataloging ability can also provide insight into novel aspects of biosynthetic routes. In particular, no 10-unit Type I polyketides were found in the compilation of this edition of the APD (Version I).

Bacteria↗

Virtual design prototyping applied to medical facilities.

Over the past five years, MITRE has developed rapid 3D modeling and immersive environment capabilities that supports the application of virtual environment technology to many traditional and non-traditional domains [1]. This paper provides background information on these capabilities and describes the application of this technology to the experimental design prototyping of operating rooms of the future and to the design and retrofit of existing or proposed medical facilities. These capabilities employ contemporary commercial hardware and software and exploit stereoscopic projection displays and headsets. A unique user interface facilitates object manipulation within these immersive environments and addresses two key areas: 1) Visualization of the contents on the model server or library in a catalog form; and 2) Natural interaction and immersion of the user with the visualized catalog and selected visualized objects in a 3D synthetic environment. A brief discussion of two developing applications of this technology will be presented. In one application example, the modeling environment can be used to synthesize physical replicas (potentially full stereo scale) of actual surgical rooms used for training of medical personnel. Alternatively, it can be employed as the infrastructure for a new form of collaborative interactive visualization, namely, telesurgery. In another example, the rapid modeling capability provides designers, architects and medical personnel with a means of rapidly developing synthetic renderings of (potentially interactive and remotely operative) proposed medical facilities prior to construction. We also discuss key issues needing to be resolved for successful model interchange.

Computer Simulation↗

Evolution of a processing system in a large biomedical library.

The processing system used in the UCLA Biomedical Library is modest in size and still under development. Its origins date back to a batch mode serials control system begun in the mid-1960s. This was converted to an on-line system which currently has modules for check-in, updating and retrieval, claims, bindery preparation, and invoice information. Titles can be retrieved at the terminal by search of any word in the title, by subject heading, language, country of publication, and type of publication. The system is adaptable to network use and at present is shared with one other library. To the serials system has been added a computer-assisted cataloging and card production system. The latter utilizes serials nucleus software as well as design for data input and data storage. In-house listings and coding procedures overlap in a general way. Work is under way on further integration of the two processing subsystems and a feasibility study has been completed for addition of a subsystem for acquisitions which will combine and adapt features of the other two; for example, information retrieval characteristics from both, catalog coding and programs for acceptance of data, serials programs for claims, and other output programs. Cost benefits of the subsystems are described and discussed.

Cataloging↗

The current catalog--how current?

NLM's Current Catalog has recently come in for some criticism. To be useful as a tool in acquisition and cataloging, currency in receipt of the Current Catalog is necessary. A survey of 263 titles with 1967 imprints, which were received by the Library of the Medical Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, was made to determine the correlation between the receipt of these books in the library and their appearance in the Current Catalog.

Catalogs, Library↗

Centralized automated cataloging of health science materials in the MLC/SUNY/OCLC shared cataloging service.

Since February 1976, The Medical Library Center of New York, with the assistance of the SUNY/OCLC Network, has offered, on a subscription basis, a centralized automated cataloging service to health science libraries in the greater metropolitan New York area. By using workforms and prints of OCLC record (amended by the subscribing participants), technical services personnel at the center have fed cataloging data, via a CRT terminal, into the OCLC system, which provides (1) catalog cards, received in computer filing order; (2) book card, spine, and pocket labels; (3) accessions lists; and (4) data for eventual production of book catalogs and union catalogs. The experience of the center in the development, implementation, operation, and budgeting of its shared cataloging service is discussed.

Book Classification↗

Book availability as a performance measure of a library: an analysis of the effectiveness of a health sciences library.

User satisfaction as a measure of library effectiveness has been studied by using Kantor's branching technique. Cleveland Health Sciences Library, Cleveland, Ohio, was used as the center of this study. The study measured independently the user bibliographic information performance, collection development policy performance, acquisition policy performance, user catalog performance, circulation performance, library operation/functioning performance, and the user search performance. Each of these categories represented one or more of the factors of library performance that could account for the possibility of users' failure. The sample size consisted of 1000 requests for book titles. The book availability rates were 59.60% without the help of the librarian and 63.50% with the help of the librarian. The results indicate that a dynamic study of library policies at regular intervals by using the Kantor's method, which is easily reproducible, can maximize library resources for the most effective fulfillment of user demand.

Consumer Behavior↗

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. 8. Suspension of computer atalog.

A system for the substitution of a computer-printed book catalog for a card catalog was put to the test by making the former the sole means of locating material in the library, after four years of being used merely as an adjunct to the card catalog. It was found not suitable, and a new system is being devised in the light of the difficulties encountered. The reasons why the system broke down and the plans for the new one are described.

Catalogs, Library↗

Time-shared computing. Implications for medical libraries.

Many library data processing systems are unresponsive to the needs of librarians because of the necessity to batch-process transactions in a computer center. Such systems tend to be reportoriented rather than information-oriented with resultant problems in the timeliness of information. Time-shared computing permits multiple users to process jobs simultaneously through on-line interaction with the computer. Such systems offer to the librarian the advantages of immediate access to information, costs shared with other users, and direct man-machine interaction. This tutorial paper describes time-shared systems with applications in the library. Problems concerning the cost and present state-of-the-art of time-sharing are discussed.

Cataloging↗

MECHANIZATION OF CATALOGING PROCEDURES.

The Columbia-Harvard-Yale Medical Libraries Computerization Project has put into operation its mechanized procedure for the production of catalog cards. Cards produced are in final form ready to be filed into a card catalog. Catalogers prepare copy on a worksheet from which punched cards are punched. An IBM 1401 computer processes the decklets of punched cards on magnetic tape to produce the expanded decklets of punched cards needed to print the various packs of catalog cards required to go into different catalogs. Next, the computer punches the expanded decklets of cards to operate an 870 Document Writer, which types out the catalog cards in final form. Cost of cards ready to file is 12.5 cents per card.

Cataloging↗

Through the looking glass: finding Internet sites to mirror your collection.

Many libraries are grappling with the new freedom to link to the Internet directly from a Web-based catalog. A conservative approach that locates only Web sites replicating a library's print holdings is described. Methods for locating URLs include reviewing front matter in reference materials, scouring the Internet for material produced both in print and full text on the Web, electronic mailing lists, publishers' promotional materials, conferences, and journal articles. Readers are encouraged to make links from the catalog to any original material produced in Web-readable form by the university, including dissertations and conference proceedings.

Catalogs, Library↗

Three-way division combined with conversion to Medical Subject Headings(MeSH) in a medium-sized medical library.

Conversion to MeSH and other reasons are enumerated for the division of an undivided dictionary card catalog into a three-way divided catalog, consisting of Proper Names, Titles, and Topical Subjects sections. Methodology of division is described. Conversion from Library of Congress Subject Headings to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as an authority list stimulated such concurrent changes as (1) the introduction of a guide card system that eliminates typing of subject headings on catalog cards and (2) the adoption of a filing system that employs reverse chronological order for all types of sequential material in the Proper Names and Titles sections and for all material in the Topical Subjects section. The ancillary decisions, procedures, and methods necessitated by these major conversions are also described.

Catalogs, Library↗

Low cost organization of a mental retardation facility staff library.

A mental retardation facility staff library of 700 volumes required complete organization. Two restraining factors were lack of personnel and limited funds. A plan was developed to classify titles according to Library of Congress, with the subject heading catalog predominantly based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A cataloging service was located which produced custom card sets and book labels from CATLINE and MARC computer databases. Where necessary, MARC records were edited to alter LC subject headings to MeSH terminology. Organization was accomplished at an average cost per title of less than $1.50.

Cataloging↗

The NEOUCOM Cooperative Cataloging Service: development and review of the first four years.

The Basic Medical Sciences Library of the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine (NEOUCOM) provided a Cooperative Cataloging Service to fourteen of its affiliated hospitals' libraries since March 1978, using the OCLC system. Analysis of the first four years of service showed that the hospital libraries spent almost $30,000 to catalog more than 18,000 titles. Personnel expenses and other costs eclipsed the savings from a 31.3% duplication rate. Centralized bibliographic control control and the principal by-product of the service, a uniform, machine-related data base, provided the foundation for an on-line integrated library system to serve the consortium. The hospital libraries contributed 44% of the unique titles in this data base, which emphasis the need to share resources and continue cooperation.

Cataloging↗

Contraindications for superficial heat and therapeutic ultrasound: do sources agree?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the amount of agreement among general rehabilitation sources for both superficial heating and therapeutic ultrasound contraindications. DATA SOURCES: English-language textbook and peer-reviewed journal sources, from January 1992 to July 2002. Searches of computerized databases (HealthSTAR, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase) as well as Library of Congress Online Catalogs, Books in Print, and AcqWeb's Directory of Publishers and Venders. DATA SELECTION: Sources were excluded if they (1) were published before 1992, (2) failed to address general rehabilitation audiences, or (3) were identified as a researcher's related publication with similar information on the topic. DATA EXTRACTION: Type and number of contraindications, type of audience, year of publication, number of references, rationales, and alternative treatment strategies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eighteen superficial heat and 20 ultrasound sources identified anywhere from 5 to 22 and 9 to 36 contraindications/precautions, respectively. Agreement among sources was generally high but ranged from 11% to 95%, with lower agreement noted for pregnancy, metal implants, edema, skin integrity, and cognitive/communicative concerns. Seventy-two percent of superficial heat sources and 25% of ultrasound sources failed to reference at least 1 contraindication claim. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement among contraindication sources was generally good for both superficial heat and therapeutic ultrasound. Sources varied with regard to the number of contraindications, references, and rationales cited. Greater reliance on objective data and standardized classification systems may serve to develop more uniform guidelines for superficial heat and therapeutic ultrasound.

Contraindications↗