SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Constriction, Pathologic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Noncontact detection of ocular pulse--correlation with carotid stenosis.

Differences in ocular pulses from both eyes are well known to be associated with pathology; correlation of ocular pulse amplitude with the degree of carotid stenosis is made by a new method. Detection of ocular pulse is done by noncontact air-propagated ultrasound. Experimental results with dogs show detection of 10 to 15% carotid stenosis. By this method, one can screen for potential stroke in its incipient stages.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Left main coronary artery stenosis after aortic valve replacement: genetic disposition for accelerated arteriosclerosis after injury of the intact human coronary artery?

BACKGROUND: Left main coronary artery stenosis is a rare but life-threatening complication after aortic valve replacement because of coronary perfusion-related trauma to the vessel wall with cannulation of the coronary ostia. We investigated whether this complication still occurs in the 1990s despite the use of more advanced catheter materials and modern surgical preservation techniques. METHODS: Four years after identification of the first two cases in 1987, five further patients had developed left main coronary artery stenosis after aortic valve replacement (incidence, 0.9%) at the cardiothoracic clinic of the J.W. Goethe University and were studied for contributing factors. RESULTS: Severe coronary ostial stenosis developed within 1 to 6 months after aortic valve replacement. In one such case, intimal proliferation was seen in a biopsy specimen that was comparable to the restenosis induced by coronary angioplasty. The clinical characteristics of the patients developing the complication, the surgical technique, and the intraoperative course did not differ from the other patients. However, five of the seven patients (71%) had a common genetic trait concerning their apolipoprotein E genotype (the epsilon 4 allele) that is normally present in only 10% to 15% of patients screened (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These lesions seem to result from a uniform response of the vessel wall to injury. Their incidence is probably related in part to the degree of injury after trauma to the coronary ostia during cannulation for myocardial protection. Patients with the epsilon 4 allele might be genetically predisposed for a pathologically increased response of proliferative repair mechanisms after arterial injury. The complication can be avoided by not instrumenting the coronary ostia for direct antegrade cardioplegia but using retrograde delivery as an alternative method of myocardial protection.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Accuracy of carotid angiography in the assessment of atheroma of the internal carotid artery.

In a post-mortem study to determine the accuracy of angiography in defining atheromatous disease of the origin of the internal carotid artery, 64 carotid bifurcations were filled with a mixture of gelatin and contrast medium, X-rayed, cleared for pathological study, and assessed by a neurologist and a vascular surgeon. Agreement between the two observers on the X-ray appearances was 87.5% and between the agreed X-ray interpretation and the macroscopic pathological findings 78.6%. Closest agreement was seen with normal and stenosed vessels. Difficulties were encountered with lesser changes due to plaques and ulceration. Since the decision to recommend carotid endarterectomy in patients with a history of transient ischaemic attacks depends on the angiographic findings, knowledge of the accuracy of angiography can be critical.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMed1981

Tracheobronchial mucus: abnormalities related to asthma and its treatment.

The presence of mucociliary dysfunction in bronchial asthma is suggested by clinical observations and has been confirmed by pathologic and physiologic studies. Since mucociliary dysfunction may play a considerable role in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, currently available therapeutic measures which enhance mucous transport should be included in the treatment plan. It is expected that a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will ultimately result in the development of more potent pharmacologic agents capable of improving abnormal mucociliary function.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1994

[Permanent pacemaker lead insertion for totally occluded subclavian vein].

We experienced 4 patients with total occlusion of the subclavian vein in whom permanent pacemakers were implanted. Occlusion of the subclavian vein was not clinically apparent in these 4 patients. The pacing lead was inserted through the contralateral subclavian vein in a 65-year-old male. In a 80-year-old male, the pacing lead was inserted trough the internal jugular vein because of occlusion of both subclavian veins. The pacing lead was passed through the occluded portion of the innominate vein in a 84-year-old male. Phlebography-guided venipuncture was not difficult in a 79-year-old female whose mid-portion of the subclavian vein was occluded. All patients have done well since permanent pacemaker implantation. Preoperative phlebography should be performed as it may provide useful information concerning pathological alterations in the venous system that might hinder smooth implantation of the pacemaker. A review of the literature revealed no reports concerning methods in which pacing leads are passed through totally occluded portions of the subclavian vein. We here report 4 patients with total occlusion of the subclavian vein in whom permanent pacemakers were implanted via different venous routes.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Diffuse arterial narrowing as a result of intimal proliferation: a delayed complication of embolectomy with the Fogarty balloon catheter.

Most complications of embolectomy with the Fogarty balloon catheter are recognized early and have received ample attention in the surgical and radiologic literature. However, the delayed complication of diffuse arterial narrowing causing severe ischemia has received little emphasis, perhaps because follow-up arteriography is not always performed. This report describes five patients--women 43 to 62 years of age--with progressive leg ischemia discovered 2 to 4 months after embolectomy with the balloon catheter. Angiography showed a characteristic pattern of severe, smooth narrowing of that portion of the artery in which balloon embolectomy was performed. Pathologic examination of arterial specimens, available in two of the five patients, revealed marked intimal cellular proliferation, which narrowed the arteries severely without evidence of thrombosis, significant atheromatosis, or active arteritis. The cause appears to be intimal damage by the balloon. Embolectomy with the balloon catheter should be done especially carefully in relatively young women.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Posttraumatic intestinal stenosis: clinical and radiographic features in four patients.

PURPOSE: To characterize posttraumatic intestinal stenosis clinically and radiographically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records and radiographic and pathologic findings were reviewed in four patients with posttraumatic stenosis. RESULTS: The patients experienced abdominal symptoms from 1 to 18 weeks after the trauma. While the small intestine was affected in two patients with ileus, the colon was involved in the other two patients with rectal bleeding or diarrhea. Barium studies showed an irregular contour within the severely narrowed intestine in three patients, even 25 weeks after the trauma. In these three patients, pathologic examinations of the resected specimens revealed a circumferential, open ulcer, whereas a scarred ulcer was present in the other patient. CONCLUSION: Posttraumatic intestinal stenosis is clinically characterized by a delayed onset of symptoms that differ according to the site of involvement. This condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of intestinal stenosis.

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed1991

Simultaneous comparison of pre- and post-microanastomotic hemodynamic profiles using a Tandem Doppler Probe.

The use of High-Frequency Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound (HFPDU) for evaluation of microvascular hemodynamics is well established. Due to technical limitations of existing probes, quantitation of anastomotic stenoses and detailed waveform analyses are difficult to perform and impractical for clinical use. We present a new Tandem Doppler Probe (TDP) for simple and accurate study of blood flow in vessels smaller than 1 mm in diameter. Its unique ability to compare the pre- and post-anastomotic waveforms simultaneously allows for quantitative detection of anastomotic narrowing of as little as 5%, as well as identification of subtle pathologic anastomotic waveform changes not seen with single probes. Such early and precise delineation of anastomotic problems in the operating room can provide an invaluable, objective assessment of the technical adequacy of the anastomoses as well as an important baseline for later post-operative monitoring of free-tissue transfers with implantable Doppler devices.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1987

[Combined use of duplex sonography and CW Doppler in diseases of the carotid arteries].

740 patients with findings of cerebrovascular insufficiency were investigated by duplex sonography and frequency-analysing cw doppler. In 620 pathological arteries not stenosing lesions of the carotid bifurcation were found most frequently (93%). In 35% moderate-severe stenoses of the a. carotis interna were diagnosed. The advantage of duplex sonography and cw doppler in combination is the addition of both methods, so that a very reliable diagnosis of the extracranial carotis is possible.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1986

[Pathologico-anatomic studies in the area of the vertebral artery with special reference to perivascular connective tissue].

On the basis of pathological-anatomical examinations of 25 human cervical vertebral columns a report is given on changes of the perivascular tissue in the region of the Aa. vertebralis. The possible influence of degenerative changes in the skeleton of the cervical vertebral column on this connective tissue reaction is discussed. For a verification of the findings obtained comparative clinical-anatomical examinations are necessary.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Transvenous angioplasty of experimental branch pulmonary artery stenosis in newborn lambs.

A dilatable form of bilateral branch pulmonary artery stenosis was created in 27 newborn lambs. Nine lambs were long-term survivors and were dilated with modified Grüntzig balloon dilation catheters. They were allowed to recover for 6-9 weeks, during which time there was no significant change in the mean systolic gradients across the narrowed sites. Thirteen arteries underwent dilation. Dilation was associated with a decrease in the systolic gradient in all cases (from 34.9 mm Hg to 8.1 mm Hg) and an increase in the diameter of the narrowed site (from 4.6 to 7.6 mm) as estimated by angiography. Flows and flow distribution were measured in four lambs before and after unilateral dilation using 15-mu radiolabeled microspheres; in each case, the fraction of total flow to the dilated lung rose after dilation (19.2 to 45.4%), as did the total flow to the dilated lung (30.0 to 69.2 ml/kg-min). Four lambs were catheterized every 2-4 weeks for an average of 16 weeks after dilation; the average gradient in these lambs remained below 10 mm Hg despite considerable growth (from 9.6 to 25.9 kg). Gross pathologic examination showed an intact vascular adventitia in all cases; there were multiple linear tears in the intima in recently (less than 7 days) dilated cases, but complete intimal healing had occurred by 2 months after dilation. No significant morbidity could be attributed to the dilation procedure. These results indicate that clinical trials are warranted.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗

PubMed1989

[Prenatal diagnosis of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with subsequent development of a non-immunologic hydrops fetalis].

The premature closure of the ductus arteriosus (pcDA) due to maternal tocolysis with indomethacin in the 34th week of gestation was diagnosed in a twin pregnancy. The pcDA was detected using Doppler 24 hours before both fetuses developed pleural effusion. Pathologic waveforms in the fetal aorta with end-diastolic zero-flow were registered. A no-delay caesarean section with optimal neonatologic intensive care were successful for the survival of the neonates. The authors postulate, that the amount of pcDA as a cause of NIHF is higher than generally supposed. Furthermore a tocolysis with indomethacin should not be performed after the 34th week of gestation.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Late intestinal strictures following successful treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Between 1975 and 1992, in 16 infants (14%) out of 113 neonates with previous necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) a total of 25 intestinal strictures had to be treated. Four (16%) were found in the ileum and 21 (84%) in the colon, and in 50% multiple strictures were present. In these 16 patients initial treatment for acute NEC included conservative treatment in 5, primary resection and enterostomies in 6 and proximal diverting enterostomies in 5. Therefore, the incidence of late strictures was 11% after conservative therapy, 11% after primary resection and 55% after primary proximal diverting enterostomies. An average of 49 days elapses between the recovery from NEC and the diagnosis of late strictures in conservatively treated patients. After initial surgical treatment, late strictures were detected on contrast studies on an average of 80 days. In pathologic specimens, marked fibrosis in the submucosa was consistently present in all strictures, whereas inflammatory changes in the mucosa, disruption or hypertrophy of the muscle layers or absence of ganglion cells were seen less frequently. All strictures were resected and primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed. But despite the development of late intestinal strictures, bowel preservation was improved after initial restrictive surgical therapy and aggressive medical treatment.

Constriction, Pathologic↗

PubMed1987

[Biliary pathology in chronic pancreatitis].

The authors expose in a very accurate discussion the biliary pathology during chronic pancreatitis. They divide the biliary lesions into associated with pancreatitis and secondary to chronic pancreatitis. They emphasize the necessity to practise a detailed study of the biliary tract in all patients affected by chronic pancreatitis and the good results showed by a very simple surgical act.

Biliary Fistula↗

PubMed1985

[Distal lesions of the Fallopian tubes. Prognostic values of peroperative tubal biopsy].

78 biopsies were carried out during 63 distal tubal microsurgical operations, followed up for two years at least. The clinical outcome was studied according to the pathological state of the better tube: Viable pregnancies become more frequent with subnormal tubes (40%) and with tubes with moderate chronic salpingitis (65%). The risk of extra-uterine pregnancy is at a maximum with chronic cicatricial salpingitis (29.4%). Progressive chronic salpingitis results in only 6.6% viable pregnancies and will definitely constitute an indication for in vitro fertilization rather than microsurgery.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1991

Ejaculatory duct obstruction in subfertile males: analysis of 87 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the causes, presentation, and treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction in subfertile males. DESIGN: Collaborative retrospective study of clinical experience collected by two urologists over a 15-year period. SETTING: National Health Service and Private Care Hospitals. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Subfertile males with azoospermia (n = 67), very severe oligozoospermia (n = 17), oligozoospermia (n = 1), or normal sperm concentration (n = 2) in small volume ejaculates with acid pH and little or no fructose. INTERVENTIONS: Exploration of scrotum with vasogram and testicular biopsy, plus reconstruction if possible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow-up seminal analysis and occurrence of pregnancy in female partners. RESULTS: The causes were: müllerian duct cyst (n = 17); wolffian duct malformation (n = 19); previous surgical trauma (e.g., imperforate anus) (n = 15); previous genital infection (n = 19); tuberculosis (n = 8); megavesicles (pathological dilatation of vesicles and ampullae of unknown cause) (n = 8); and carcinoma of prostate (n = 1). After incision of Mullerian duct cysts, five pregnancies were produced. Five pregnancies occurred in the other groups using a variety of surgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Routine vasography has shown that ejaculatory duct obstruction is not as rare as previously thought. The diagnosis should not be missed because the condition is simple to correct surgically in certain cases.

Constriction, Pathologic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Goniophotocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma.

A new treatment, goniophotocoagulation, for neovascularization of the anterior chamber angle has been applied with the argon laser to 21 eyes of 20 patients. Three of the eyes had neovascularization related to central retinal vein occlusion. In the other 18 eyes the neovascularization was related to diabetic retinopathy. A specific protocol has been followed since January 1973. The results so far indicate that closure of the angle and progression of the usual chain of pathologic events in neovascular glaucoma were prevented in 10 (77%) of the 13 eyes having an average follow-up of 22 months. We believe that goniophotocoagulation of the angle deserves more extensive, judicious, and carefully monitored clinical use. Our results suggest that this new technique is safe and reasonably effective in preventing progressive neovascularization of the angle, synechial closure, and severe nonvascular glaucoma.

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMed1993

[The computed tomographic differentiation of endobronchial tumors and tumor-caused bronchial compression].

The efficiency of computed tomography in differentiating between a bronchial compression due to tumour formation and an endobronchial tumour was tested in comparison to bronchoscopy results. 624 bronchial segments were evaluated in 65 patients with masses in the pulmonary hilus area. Computed tomographical identification of pathological lesions (n = 71) was achieved with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 96%. Out of 52 bronchial segments with endobronchial tumour, 90% showed pathological lesions and 85% were classified correctly. When the morphology of the bronchial lesions (endoluminal mass, smooth or irregularly demarcated bronchostenosis or bronchial displacement) was assessed with CT, only the CT identification of an endoluminal mass could distinguish endobronchial tumour growth with a probability of 91% from bronchial narrowing due to external causes and normal bronchi.

Adult↗