PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cyst Fluid”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, -II and IGF-binding proteins in the cyst fluid of a patient with astrocytoma.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, -II and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were demonstrated in the cyst fluid of a patient with a hypothalamic astrocytoma. The astrocytoma cyst fluid was subjected to gel chromatography at low pH and the IGF-I and IGF-II levels were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Immunoreactive IGF-I and IGF-II levels were 19 ng/ml and 78 ng/ml respectively. Several-fold higher IGF-II values were obtained when cyst fluid was not extracted or was extracted with acid ethanol before radioimmunoassay analysis. The immunoreactive IGFBP-1 concentration was 26 ng/ml. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequent Western ligand blotting with [125I]IGF-II revealed bands at approximately 200, 34.5, 29.5, 24 and 21 kD as visualized by autoradiography. Binding studies demonstrated that these binding proteins bind specifically [125I]IGF-I and [125I]IGF-II. These observations suggest that IGFs as well as IGF-binding proteins are produced by astrocytoma cells and may act in a paracrine or autocrine fashion capable of modulating the growth of astrocytoma tumours.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1995

The biochemistry of breast cyst fluids and duct secretions.

The ratio of potassium to sodium concentrations in breast fluids has led other investigators to the subclassification of cysts into two types: 1) apocrine (secretory) cysts with high potassium and low sodium, and 2) attenuated (flattened) cell cysts with low potassium and high sodium content. Apocrine cells are thought by some to actively secrete potassium. Cell typing is considered important as apocrine cysts are more likely to be bilateral, multiple, recurrent, and serve as markers for epithelial cell atypia. A retrospective study of the biochemical analyses of 58 cyst fluids and 28 duct secretions obtained by nipple aspiration was conducted. Potassium and sodium concentrations obtained from 12 cyst fluids were statistically correlated with creatinine concentrations. Evidence is presented indicating that micro cysts are initially apocrine in cell type and are more likely in continuity with the terminal ductal-lobular unit. It is postulated that apocrine cysts undergo cellular desquamation and lysis, becoming attenuated cysts. The ratio of potassium to sodium is altered by cell degradation rather than active secretory processes. Biochemical contents of cysts and nipple aspiration fluids are compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

On the occurrence and transport of estriol-3-sulfate in human breast cyst fluid: the metabolic disposition of blood estriol-3-sulfate in normal women.

The high concentration of estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3S) in human breast cyst fluid has been confirmed in 14 women with multiple cysts. The concentrations of E3-3S found in individual cysts drained within a short time span from the same patient were variable, the ratios ranging from unity to 40. After the iv administration of [14C]estriol or [3H]E3-3S, only minor accumulation of either isotope was detected in the cyst fluids aspirated 6.5-30 h later. Since surprisingly small amounts of isotopes were found in blood, the metabolism of [3H]E3-3S was studied in 2 normal women. The test compound was injected iv, and blood samples were taken at intervals up to 7.5 h. In addition, total urine was collected for 3 days. The blood clearance of [3H]E3-3S was rapid, with the half-life ranging from 15-30 min. However, E3-3S was only a minor component of the urine, indicating rapid tissue extraction and metabolism rather than renal excretion for the compound. The studies indicate that E3-3S of human breast cyst fluid does not equilibrate rapidly with other body pools and that its uptake, if any, from the blood would be against a gradient.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Soluble adhesion molecules in serum and cyst fluid from patients with cystic tumours of the ovary.

The potential of the soluble forms of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), CD44std (sCD44std) and E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) was tested for the diagnosis of benign and malignant cystic epithelial tumours of the ovary. Concentrations of sICAM-1, sCD44 std and sE-cadherin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum and cyst fluid obtained from 23 patients with luteal cysts, 29 with cystadenomas, nine with dermoid cysts, five with borderline tumours and 11 with carcinomas. Serum concentrations of sICAM-1, but not of sCD44std and sE-cadherin, were constantly elevated compared with normal controls. Cyst fluid concentrations of sICAM-1, sCD44std and sE-cadherin were elevated in borderline and malignant tumours compared with cystadenomas (P = 0.034, 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that serum concentrations of adhesion molecules have no diagnostic value in ovarian tumours, whereas cyst fluid concentrations may facilitate distinction between benign lesions and borderline or malignant tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Estriol conjugates in human breast cyst fluid and in serum of premenopausal women.

A sensitive method was developed for the assay of the four major estriol (E3) conjugates in human breast cyst fluid and in serum during the menstrual cycle. In the cyst fluid, estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3S) was found in each of ten samples, the concentrations ranging from 240-4310 pg/ml. Estriol-16-glucosiduronate (E3-16G) was detected in six samples at levels of 19-153 pg/ml; estriol-3-glucosiduronate (E3-3G) in five samples, 13-79 pg/ml and estriol-3-sulfate-16-glucosiduronate (E3-3S-16G) in four samples, 28-152 pg/ml. Unconjugated estriol was found in three of the ten cases (12-30 pg/ml). Serum samples obtained in the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle from eight different subjects were assayed in the same way. There was considerable variation between subjects and many values were indistinguishable from zero. But preliminary data suggest that E3-3G is the predominant E3 conjugate in the serum and E3-3S-16G is quantitatively least important. It appears that E3 conjugates in the cyst fluid are not derived from the blood directly, but are produced locally from precursors which have not been identified.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of Cathepsin D in breast cyst fluid].

Cathepsin-D was assayed in serum and in breast cyst fluid of 60 non neoplastic patients with GCD. The results are independent from cytological type or possible cyst relapse. Although the study confirms the high levels of Cat-D in breast cyst fluid no predictive value has been demonstrated. Its expression may be related to systemic endocrine factors.

Cathepsin D↗
PubMed1991

Development of a serologic assay for cysticercosis, using an antigen isolated from Taenia spp cyst fluid.

An ammonium sulfate-soluble fraction of Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid (ThFAS) was further evaluated for use in the immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis. Analysis of ThFAS by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein immunoblot analysis confirmed earlier reports of a highly specific, low molecular weight antigen in this preparation; in contrast, other components of ThFAS were shown to react nonspecifically. Antibodies against the less than 12-kD diagnostic antigen were detected in sera from 10 cattle and 4 swine inoculated with metacestodes of T saginata and T solium, respectively, but not in animals inoculated with Fasciola hepatica, Trichinella spiralis, Brucella abortus, or Toxoplasma gondii, or in noninoculated controls. Isolation and immobilization of the less than 12-kD antigen on a hydrophobic transfer membrane resulted in development of an unambiguous dipstick assay capable of correctly identifying fully developed (10-week) experimentally induced infections in cattle and swine. In addition, the dipstick assay was highly specific for diagnosis of the disease in human beings, and offers the potential of distinguishing between human clinical cases of cysticercosis and taeniasis. A similar reactive antigen of diagnostic potential was also identified and isolated from T crassiceps and T taeniaeformis cyst fluids.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: preoperative cyst fluid analysis and treatment by enucleation.

The authors report a case of a 26-year-old female who had a solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. The patient had preoperative cyst fluid analysis that demonstrated low levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and moderate elevation in cyst fluid carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and lipase. Cyst fluid cytology was diagnostic. The tumor was successfully treated by complete enucleation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions: a pooled analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cystic tumors commonly include serous cystadenoma (SCA), mucinous cystadenoma (MCA), and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCAC). A differential diagnosis with pseudocysts (PC) can be difficult. Radiologic criteria are not reliable. The objective of the study is to investigate the value of cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of benign (SCA, PC) vs. premalignant or malignant (MCA, MCAC) lesions. METHODS: A search in PubMed was performed with the search terms cyst, pancrea, and fluid. Articles about cyst fluid analysis of pancreatic lesions that contained the individual data of at least 7 patients were included in the study. Data of all individual patients were combined and were plotted in scatter grams. Cutoff levels were determined. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, which comprised data of 450 patients. Cysts with an amylase concentration <250 U/L were SCA, MCA, or MCAC (sensitivity 44%, specificity 98%) and, thus, virtually excluded PC. A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) <5 ng/mL suggested a SCA or PC (sensitivity 50%, specificity 95%). A CEA >800 ng/mL strongly suggested MCA or MCAC (sensitivity 48%, specificity 98%). A carbohydrate-associated antigen (CA) 19-9 <37 U/mL strongly suggested PC or SCA (sensitivity 19%, specificity 98%). Cytologic examination revealed malignant cells in 48% of MCAC (n = 111). DISCUSSION: Most pancreatic cystic tumors should be resected without the need for cyst fluid analysis. However, in asymptomatic patients, in patients with an increased surgical risk, and, in patients in whom there is a diagnostic uncertainty about the presence of a PC, cyst fluid analysis helps to determine the optimal therapeutic strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Oncofetal antigens in ovarian cyst fluids.

The levels of five oncofetal antigens were measured in ovarian cyst fluids. Significantly raised levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin, beta 2-microglobulin, and alpha-fetoprotein were found in ovarian cyst samples. Human placental lactogen was not detectable in any samples. Mucinous cyst fluids demonstrated higher levels of CEA than serous fluids in both malignant and benign conditions. We could not distinguish between malignant and benign conditions with any of the markers. Except for CEA, there is no difference in values between mucinous and serous cystadenocarcinomas.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between epidermal growth factor and dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate in breast cyst fluid.

Gross cystic breast disease is a common condition. Women with apocrine breast cysts may be at higher risk of breast cancer than women with cysts which are lined by flattened epithelium. Apocrine cysts have been shown to be associated with higher intracystic levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and intracystic sodium to potassium ratios of less than 3. In this study we measured the concentrations of epidermal growth factor, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate in breast cyst fluid. The concentrations of all three analytes were significantly higher in cysts with intracystic Na+/K+ ratios of less than 3 than in cysts with electrolyte ratios of greater than or equal to 3 (P less than 0.001). The higher levels of EGF in cysts with low intracystic electrolyte ratios may provide an explanation of why women with apocrine cysts may be at greater risk of breast cancer. Positive correlations were obtained between concentrations of EGF and DHAS and between EGF and DHA, compatible with the view that intracystic EGF levels may be androgen-modulated. A positive correlation was also obtained between DHA and DHAS concentrations which supports the view that DHA in cyst fluid may be derived from the metabolism of DHAS in the breast cyst wall.

Dehydroepiandrosterone↗
PubMed2004

Secretion of cytokines and growth factors into autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease liver cyst fluid.

The principal extrarenal manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) involves formation of liver cysts derived from intrahepatic bile ducts. Autocrine and paracrine factors secreted into the cyst would be positioned to modulate the rate of hepatic cyst growth. The aim of this study was to identify potential growth factors present in human ADPKD liver cyst fluid. Cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of human ADPKD liver cyst fluid detected epithelial neutrophil attractant 78, interleukin (IL)-6 (503 +/- 121 pg/mL); and IL-8 (4,488 +/- 355 pg/mL); and elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor compared with non-ADPKD bile (849 +/- 144 pg/mL vs. 270 pg/mL maximum concentration). ADPKD liver cyst cell cultures also released IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting that cystic epithelial cells themselves are capable of secreting these factors. Western blotting of cultured cyst cells and immunostaining of intact cysts demonstrate that cysteine-X-cysteine receptor 2, an epithelial neutrophil attractant 78 and IL-8 receptor, is expressed at the apical domain of cyst lining epithelial cells. Suggesting the cystic epithelial cells may exist in hypoxic conditions, electron microscopy of the ADPKD liver cyst epithelium revealed morphological features similar to those observed in ischemic bile ducts. These features include elongation, altered structure, and diminished abundance of apical microvilli. In conclusion, IL-8, epithelial neutrophil attractant 78, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor may serve as autocrine and paracrine factors to direct errant growth of ADPKD liver cyst epithelia. Interruption of these signaling pathways may provide therapeutic targets for inhibiting liver cyst expansion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circulating immune complexes in human breast cyst fluids: relationship with intracystic immunoglobulin and electrolyte levels.

Circulating immune complexes, the major classes of immunoglobulins and electrolyte concentrations were measured in sixty-two breast cyst fluids aspirated in women affected by gross cystic breast disease. Two main classes of cysts were defined according to the Na/K ratio. Appreciable levels of immunoglobulins were found in almost all samples examined; 66% of breast cyst fluids showed increased levels of immune complexes. A highly significant linear correlation between increased values of immune complexes and immunoglobulin M (p less than 0.001) was found in apocrine cysts, characterized by Na/K ratio less than 3. However, a significant inverse linear correlation was found between positive values of immune complexes and lowered levels of immunoglobulins A (p less than 0.001) and G (p less than 0.001) in epithelial cysts with Na/K ratio greater than 3. These data suggest and confirm that the menstrual cycle can also influence or modulate the metabolic activity of human breast cells as a part of the secretory immune system. The relationship between immune complexes and immunoglobulins and electrolyte profiles may provide further knowledge about the immunological features of breast cyst fluid and suggest the possible alteration of immune-response in cystic breast lesions associated with increased cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in cyst fluid of tumors of the brain: a report of three cases.

Microfilariae of various nematodes, including Loa loa, Dirofilariae, and Onchocerca volvulus, have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS, however, is a rare site for the isolation of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. To the best of our knowledge, the presence of microfilariae of W. bancrofti in tumor cyst fluids or cerebrospinal fluid has not been reported to date. We report three cases in which microfilariae were identified in the cyst fluid of tumors of the brain. Cyst fluid aspirated from space-occupying lesions in the thalamus and C6-D1 spinal segments in a 46-yr-old man and a 35-yr-old man, respectively, showed numerous microfilariae of W. bancrofti, along with fragments of tumor suggestive of glioma. In the third case, in a 12-yr-old boy, the fluid from the space-occupying lesion in the third ventricle showed microfilariae in a necrotic dirty background with a few squames and cholesteral crystals. Histopathologic examination of the tumor showed an anaplastic astrocytoma and a low-grade astrocytoma in the first two cases, respectively, and a craniopharyngioma in the third case. No microfilariae were identified on the histology sections.

Adult↗