SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
This paper describes a program developed for the cataloguing, storage and retrieval of toxicological data. The user can, through dialogue with the program, enter and update data, and request reports with statistical analyses. The system is written in the FOCAL-12 language for a PDP-12 laboratory computer, and is suitable for a larger number of moderately-sized experiments.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
To maximize the value of computerized medical records systems, an organizing structure is needed. That structure can be provided by a controlled medical terminology (CMT). At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, we have been employing a controlled medical terminology, our Medical Entities Dictionary (MED), to mediate the storage and retrieval of patient data and enable decision support applications. This paper describes how the MED is actually used for data management in our distributed clinical information systems environment. Our system tools which access the MED for production purposes facilitate the mapping of terms from many sources to a uniform representation of concepts and also return information about the relationships between concepts. Applications which access a CMT for production purposes should be optimized for performance in high volume settings, fault tolerant, synchronizable, extensible, portable, and maintainable. We briefly describe our system architecture and then demonstrate how we utilize the MED for translation and semantic information as data is moved into and out of our patient database. We discuss our current tools and present a preview of the next generation of applications which will manage access to the MED for our production systems.
The U.K. Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) National Exposure Database (NEDB) enables the storage and selective retrieval of occupational hygiene data. These data are used to inform policy-making and standard-setting bodies, such as the Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances (ACTS), of national trends in exposure to particular substances categorized into the various industries, processes and jobs at which exposures occur. The exposure data currently held are limited to those obtained from inspections and investigations carried out by HSE specialist inspectors. Discussion is under way with industry on how the database can be extended to include validated data provided by industry so as to provide a focal point for exposure data in the U.K. The database will thereby become a valuable source of information for industry. Standardization of the way in which exposure data and qualifying information are presented will assist in fulfilling these aims. The paper describes the structure of the database, the types of information input to it and the information which can be obtained from it. Organizations wishing to establish their own exposure databases, those who may wish to contribute data, and the many who are concerned with the collection and recording of occupational hygiene data, irrespective of the methods of storage and retrieval, are encouraged to use a similar format.
A pathology accessioning and retrieval system with encoding by computer (PARSEC) has been developed, employing a relatively inexpensive microcomputer. PARSEC performs a variety of administrative functions for anatomic pathology, including accessioning of surgical specimens, storage of patient demographic information, editing, retrieval, and archiving of patient data, as well as CAP (college of American Pathologists) workload units, billing, and inventory functions for histopathology. In addition, appropriate gross and microscopic descriptions and pathologic diagnoses can be entered into the system by a text editor. Automatic assignment of SNOP (Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology) codes, is accomplished via an online SNOP lexicon, allowing the ultimate generation of completed surgical pathology reports. The data base management system employed makes optimum use of disk storage space, while permitting rapid data retrieval. Data file maintenance is automatically accomplished by the system, requiring no user intervention.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
"The Demographic Data Base (DDB) automated information system is discussed in the article. The system was developed recently at the Department of Social Problems of the Institute for Economics and Organization of Industrial Production at the Siberian Department of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Shown are the basic operation modes for automated DDB, as well as the basic stages of the development," (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The data acquired by the new medical imaging techniques, in many ways, exceeded our ability to properly store, transmit and use the images produced. As diagnostic imaging procedures become progressively less invasive and traumatic, they are being applied to a much larger patient population. The decrease in memory and other instrumentation costs, along with expanded technological capability of computer systems, has provided medicine an opportunity to create network systems for the storage, processing, recall, and remote location of these diagnostic images. Therefore, problems of access and confidentiality have become increasingly important. This communication will consider certain medical, legal, and ethical aspects of these technologies of data acquisition, storage, manipulation and retrieval.
Aiming at efficient control or prevention of hospital infection it is necessary to provide the clinician immediately with his patient's relevant microbiological data, i.e. relative frequency and susceptibility patterns of species. Therefore an information system for acquisition, on-line storage and retrieval of infection control data was developed together with Institut für Krankenhausausbau of Technische Universität Berlin. The output from the database of microbiological isolates is presented in diagrams for easy evaluation by the clinician and produced either on a graphic color display or on a plotter. The system was developed using a database which was set up retrospectively including about 5000 microbiological isolates from about 1000 intensive care patients of a Berlin university hospital from a period of 18 months. The first communication covers input and output of the data processing system by way of examples. Acquisition of isolates is facilitated at a display terminal using a program to check the data entry and to store the correct data record in a multiple index key oriented file system. Retrieval may be defined either selectively by means of keys, i.e. code of species, specimen or patient entry number or searching across the whole file and for given time periods. One may determine as well to retrieve only data records including test results from selected antibiotics.
In previous work, we proposed an approach called the Structural Difference Method (SDM) to correlating the anatomy of Homo sapiens with selected species, using the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) as a framework and graph matching as a method, for determining similarities and differences between species. In this paper, we present the design of a comparative anatomy information system that utilizes the SDM and allows users to issue queries to determine the similarities and differences between two species. Our system will serve as a pilot project for cross-species anatomical information collection, storage, and retrieval. The underlying data structure of a mapping, and the syntax and semantics of the system's query language, are presented.
A code form for genetic patient data has been devised for computer purposes. This form provides for the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of genetic diseases. A Hewlett-Packard 2100 computer is used for storage and retrieval of the data. Three programmes are currently in use for the retrieval of data, namely programme RETREV, for retrieval of individual patient records; programme STAT9A, for the classification of chromosome results of patients referred with similar clinical diagnoses; and programme STA12A, for classification of chromosome abnormalities and for correlation with the indication for referral and other data. The possibilities for expansion of the programmes are discussed.
Since 1976 the two dimensional microneutralization test has been adopted in our laboratory as the reference test for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain differentiation. Large numbers of homologous-heterologous comparisons have been performed and manual storage and retrieval of the data had become cumbersome. The objective of computerization was to provide a databank with fast easy access to enable accurate statistical calculations to be performed on the raw data entries and to simplify the evaluation of statistical and biological significance. The computer system is written in Fortran for an IBM 4341 computer running under the VM/CMS operating system.
We are building a database for the storage, retrieval, and graphical display of physical gene mapping data. To allow this information to be analyzed robustly, such a database must confront the inherent uncertainty of the data as a central design issue. The paper describes the overall database design, the types of gene mapping data which the system will contain, the types of uncertainty in the data, and certain of the design issues involved in allowing the database to handle uncertainty in a comprehensive fashion. Only if a full appreciation of uncertainty is built into the system from its inception will a physical gene mapping database be truly robust and successful.
Recent breakthroughs in biological research have been made possible by remarkable advances in high-performance computing and the establishment of a highly sophisticated information technology infrastructure. This chapter gives an overview of the main and most important technologies needed for the management of pharmacogenomic information, namely database management systems and software and hardware architectures. Because pharmacogenomics deals with a great many of public and/or proprietary data, the most prominent ways for easy storage, retrieval, analysis, and exchange are presented. Processing these data requires the use of sophisticated software architectures. Several most recent practices useful for a pharmacogenomic environment are explained. Multitiered application design and web services are discussed and described independent of the major enterprise development platforms. Because life sciences are becoming increasingly quantitative and because state-of-the-art software architectures use many system resources, this chapter presents the most recent and powerful systems for parallel data processing and data storage. Finally, shared and distributed memory systems and combinations of them as well as different storage architectures such as directly attached storage, network-attached storage, and storage-area network are explained in detail.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.