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PubMed2005

Systematic reviews of epidemiology in diabetes: finding the evidence.

BACKGROUND: Methodological research to support searching for those doing systematic reviews of epidemiological studies is a relatively neglected area. Our aim was to determine how many databases it is necessary to search to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the literature in diabetes epidemiology, with the aim of examining the efficiency of searching in support of systematic reviews of the epidemiology of diabetes METHODS: Three approaches were used. First, we defined a set of English language diabetes journals and examined their coverage in bibliographic databases. Second, we searched extensively for diabetes epidemiology articles (in all languages) to determine which are the most useful databases; and third, we analysed the scattering of these articles to determine the core journals in the area. RESULTS: The overlap between MEDLINE and Embase for diabetes journals was 59%. A search for diabetes epidemiology articles across both MEDLINE and Embase, showed that MEDLINE alone retrieved about 94% of the total articles. Searching for diabetes epidemiology studies beyond MEDLINE and Embase retrieved no additional English language journal articles. The only diabetes epidemiology studies found by searching beyond MEDLINE and Embase were found in LILACS, and were Spanish or Portuguese language studies from Latin America; no additional English language studies were found. Only 30% of the meeting abstracts were converted to full publication after three years. One third of journal articles were published in just six journals, with Diabetes Care contributing 14.3% of the articles, followed by Diabetic Medicine (5.0%); Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice (4.1%); Diabetologia (4.0%); Diabetes & Metabolism (2.4%) and Diabetes (2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that when searching for articles on diabetes epidemiology, MEDLINE and Embase would suffice for English language papers, with LILACS giving some additional non-English articles from Latin America. Although a MEDLINE-only search will retrieve the vast majority of the relevant literature, Embase and LILACs should also be searched to ensure the search is comprehensive. Searching for meeting abstracts is recommended to alert reviewers to unpublished work. The low rate of full publication of meeting abstracts has the danger of producing bias in reviews. Our findings on scattering show that the core literature in this field is concentrated in just six journals.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2002

Taking STOX: developing a cross disciplinary methodology for systematic reviews of research on the built environment and the health of the public.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop a cross disciplinary literature search methodology for conducting systematic reviews of all types of research investigating aspects of the built environment and the health of the public. DESIGN: The method was developed following a comprehensive search of literature in the area of housing and injuries, using 30 databases covering many disciplines including medicine, social science, architecture, science, engineering, environment, planning and psychology. The results of the database searches, including the type (or evidence) of research papers identified, were analysed to identify the most productive databases and improve the efficiency of the strategy. The revised strategy for literature searching was then applied to the area of neighbourhoods and mental health, and an analysis of the evidence type of references was carried out. In recognition of the large number and variety of observational studies, an expanded evidence type classification was developed for this purpose. MAIN RESULTS: From an analysis of 722 citations obtained by a housing and injuries search, an overlap of only 9% was found between medical and social science databases and only 1% between medical and built environment databases. A preliminary evidence type classification of those citations that could be assessed (from information in the abstracts and titles) suggested that the majority of intervention studies on housing and injuries are likely to be found in the medical and social science databases. A number of relevant observational studies (10% of all research studies) would have been missed, however, by excluding built environment and grey literature databases. In an area lacking in interventional research (housing/neighbourhoods and mental health) as many as 25% of all research studies would have been missed by ignoring the built environment and grey literature. CONCLUSIONS: When planning a systematic review of all types of evidence in a topic relating to the built environment and the health of the public, a range of bibliographical databases from various disciplines should be considered.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

PubMed2006

Mapping the literature of nursing administration.

OBJECTIVES: As part of Phase I of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association, this study identifies the core literature cited in nursing administration and the indexing services that provide access to the core journals. The results of this study will assist librarians and end users searching for information related to this nursing discipline, as well as database producers who might consider adding specific titles to their indexing services. METHODS: Using the common methodology described in the overview article, five source journals for nursing administration were identified and selected for citation analysis over a three-year period, 1996 to 1998, to identify the most frequently cited titles according to Bradford's Law of Scattering. From this core of most productive journal titles, the bibliographic databases that provide the best access to these titles were identified. RESULTS: Results reveal that nursing administration literature relies most heavily on journal articles and on those titles identified as core nursing administrative titles. When the indexing coverage of nine services is compared, PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL provide the most comprehensive coverage of this nursing discipline. CONCLUSIONS: No one indexing service adequately covers this nursing discipline. Researchers needing comprehensive coverage in this area must search more than one database to effectively research their projects. While PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL provide more coverage for this discipline than the other indexing services, none is sufficiently broad in scope to provide indexing of nursing, health care management, and medical literature in a single file. Nurse administrators using the literature to research current work issues need to review not only the nursing titles covered by CINAHL but should also include the major weekly medical titles, core titles in health care administration, and general business sources if they wish to adequately cover the many aspects of nursing administration.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2002

The contribution of handsearching European general health care journals to the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.

A fundamental aim of any systematic review is that all relevant studies should be identified and considered for inclusion. Limitations with searching bibliographic databases led the Cochrane Collaboration to search journals by hand for reports of trials. This article presents the results of a 3-year project to identify and make accessible reports of randomized trials published in European general health care journals. Overall, 21,620 reports of controlled trials were identified from 119 journals from 16 countries. More than three quarters (76%) were published in U.K. or German journals. Only 3,640 (17%) reports were indexed in MEDLINE as controlled trials, and 6,554 (30%) were not indexed in MEDLINE at all. Bibliographic details for all reports are available by searching The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register in The Cochrane Library. This project has ensured that a large proportion of trial reports not previously identifiable has been made accessible to those preparing systematic reviews.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2006

The EROP-Moscow oligopeptide database.

Natural oligopeptides may regulate nearly all vital processes. To date, the chemical structures of nearly 6000 oligopeptides have been identified from >1000 organisms representing all the biological kingdoms. We have compiled the known physical, chemical and biological properties of these oligopeptides--whether synthesized on ribosomes or by non-ribosomal enzymes--and have constructed an internet-accessible database, EROP-Moscow (Endogenous Regulatory OligoPeptides), which resides at http://erop.inbi.ras.ru. This database enables users to perform rapid searches via many key features of the oligopeptides, and to carry out statistical analysis of all the available information. The database lists only those oligopeptides whose chemical structures have been completely determined (directly or by translation from nucleotide sequences). It provides extensive links with the Swiss-Prot-TrEMBL peptide-protein database, as well as with the PubMed biomedical bibliographic database. EROP-Moscow also contains data on many oligopeptides that are absent from other convenient databases, and is designed for extended use in classifying new natural oligopeptides and for production of novel peptide pharmaceuticals.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of Meta-1 for a concept-based approach to the automated indexing and retrieval of bibliographic and full-text databases.

SAPHIRE is a concept-based approach to information retrieval in the biomedical domain. Indexing and retrieval are based on a concept-matching algorithm that processes free text to identify concepts and map them to their canonical form. This process requires a large vocabulary containing a breadth of medical concepts and a diversity of synonym forms, which is provided by the Meta-1 vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System Project of the National Library of Medicine. This paper describes the use of Meta-1 in SAPHIRE and an evaluation of both entities in the context of an information retrieval study.

Abbreviations as Topic↗

PubMed2006

Systematic review on epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been a subject of much interest in recent years. This review ascertains the prevalence of GERD in eastern and southeastern Asia, and reports on complications and risk factors. METHODS: This qualitative systematic review of the epidemiology of GERD in eastern and southeastern Asia identified studies in adults reported in English in the Medline database (searched through April 2005), relevant reviews, and our own bibliographic databases. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. The reported population prevalence of GERD in eastern Asia ranged from 2.5% to 6.7% for at least weekly symptoms of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation and may be increasing. No reliable data are available on the prevalence of esophagitis in the general population. In case studies, the prevalence of reflux esophagitis ranged from 3.4% to 16.3%. Well-established risk factors for GERD in Asian populations included hiatus hernia and obesity. Age and male sex also may be risk factors. Chest pain is the predominant extraesophageal manifestation of GERD in China, whereas in Japan, a link with asthma has been implicated in patients with severe esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a paucity of studies reporting the prevalence of GERD in eastern and southeastern Asia. These results highlight the need for further epidemiologic studies using representative study populations and a standardized methodology. Recognition and awareness of GERD need to increase concomitantly to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

A specialist toxicity database (TRACE) is more effective than its larger, commercially available counterparts.

The retrieval precision and recall of a specialist bibliographic toxicity database (TRACE) and a range of widely available bibliographic databases used to identify toxicity papers were compared. The analysis indicated that the larger size and resources of the major bibliographic databases did not, for a series of test queries, assure superior retrieval of relevant papers. The specialist database, in which document selection and indexing is undertaken by the same expert toxicologists who use the database in their day-to-day work, achieved markedly better retrieval, using simpler search strategies, than the other databases. Specialist databases may offer a valuable alternative to the existing major bibliographic databases. The concept of relevance, as used to determine the effectiveness of bibliographic databases, is discussed.

Data Collection↗

PubMed2005

[Portable coagulometers: a systematic review of the evidence on self-management of oral anticoagulant treatment].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence about the use of portable coagulometers for patient's self-management of oral anticoagulant treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Systematic review of scientific evidence available from MEDLINE'S, DARE's, HTA-Database's, NHS-EED's and The Cochrane Library' s bibliographic databases, from their origin to March 2003. Randomized control trials (RCT) and Quasi-Experimental trials were selected provided that they compared patients in self-management with patients under usual care. The quality of scientific evidence was elicited using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) recommendations, whilst efficacy and security were descriptively summarized. RESULTS: Twelve (7 RCT and 5 quasi-experimental trials) articles were found, and only two of them provided grade A recommendation. Patients under self-management remained the same or more time in the therapeutic range. The incidence of adverse effects in self-management patients was the same or less than that in patients under usual care. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the scientific evidence is heterogeneous. For selected patients, patient's self-management is at least as effective and safe as usual care. New oral anticaogulants, which have shown promising results, should be scrutinized for future changes in service provision.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

Downloading from MEDLINE: a comparison of personal database software.

The compatibility of downloaded MEDLINE references with software packages designed for maintenance of personal bibliographic databases is considered. The nine packages reviewed enable one to import batches of records downloaded from one or more presentations of the MEDLINE database, online or CD-ROM; and enable the user to re-format records into the various styles required by journal editors. Some basic features of the packages are tabulated, and details of record-importing facilities are described. Details of suppliers and prices are given.

Catalogs, Commercial as Topic↗

PubMed2000

Access to databases in complementary medicine.

Access to medical databases is a keystone for obtaining up-to-date and complete information for physicians. In the last few years, the rapid growth of the World Wide Web has given rise to an information revolution, enabling health care providers to gain access (often free) to an expanding volume of information that was previously inaccessible. Search engines and online databases assist the search for health information. In this article we examine the biomedical databases of primary interest in the field of alternative and complementary medicine, dividing them into Web accessible and nonaccessible databases and emphasizing the freely available ones. A further classification is major biomedical bibliographic databases specific to complementary medicine, and dedicated therapy or modality-specific databases.

Complementary Therapies↗

PubMed1997

Assessing research productivity in an oncology research institute: the role of the documentation center.

An evaluation method used to assess the quality of research productivity and to provide priorities for budget allocation purposes is presented. This method, developed by a working group of the National Institute for Research on Cancer (IST), Genoa, Italy, is based on the partitioning of categories of the Science Citation Index and Journal Citation Reports (SCI-JCR) into deciles, which normalizes journal impact factors in order to gauge the quality of the productivity. A second parameter related to the number of staff of each institute department co-authoring a given paper has been introduced in order to guide departmental budget allocations. The information scientists of the IST Documentation Center who participated in the working group played a pivotal role in developing the computerized database of publications, providing and analyzing data, supplying and evaluating literature on the topic, and placing international bibliographic databases at the working group's disposal.

Documentation↗

PubMed2004

Phytomedicines (medicines derived from plants) for sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common recessively inherited disorder of haemoglobin affecting peoples originating from sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Mediterranean basin, the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean and South America. The homozygous state (SS) is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in their original state) encompass much of what the populations most affected would encounter in terms of plant-remedies from traditional healers. There has been little in the way of systematic appraisal of their benefits. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and risks of phytomedicines in people with SCD of all types, of any age, in any setting. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders group specialised register of controlled trials of haemoglobinopathies, which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We performed an additional search of the bibliographic database of Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED). Date of most recent search of the trials register: September 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised trials with participants of all ages with SCD, in all settings, comparing the administration of phytomedicines, by any mode to placebo or standard treatment, including blood transfusion and hydroxyurea. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data from the study. MAIN RESULTS: Reports of two trials were found, of which only one, including 82 participants, was eligible for inclusion in this review. This Phase IIB (pivotal) study suggests that a phytomedicine, NIPRISAN, was effective in reducing episodes of SCD crisis associated with severe pain over a six-month period. NIPRISAN did not appear to affect the risk of severe complications or the level of anaemia. No serious adverse effects were reported. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: While NIPRISAN, as a phytomedicine, appeared to be safe and effective, over a six-month follow-up period of this study, in reducing crises associated with severe pain, further studies are required to assess its role in the management of people with sickle cell disease. The results of Phase III, multicentre trials are awaited.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗

PubMed1997

Informatics--genome and genetic databases.

Databases for biologists are becoming increasingly important. Some of these can be regarded as 'core' resources, such as the bibliographic databases, whereas others are of greater interest to specialists. As comparative genomics develops, however, even databases limited in their scope (e.g. to a single organism) are of great interest to a wider community.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

General practitioner's perceptions of the route to evidence based medicine: a questionnaire survey.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the attitude of general practitioners towards evidence based medicine and their related educational needs. DESIGN: A questionnaire study of general practitioners. SETTING: General practice in the former Wessex region, England. SUBJECTS: Randomly selected sample of 25% of all general practitioners (452), of whom 302 replied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents' attitude towards evidence based medicine, ability to access and interpret evidence, perceived barriers to practising evidence based medicine, and best method of moving from opinion based to evidence based medicine. RESULTS: Respondents mainly welcomed evidence based medicine and agreed that its practice improves patient care. They had a low level of awareness of extracting journals, review publications, and databases (only 40% knew of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), and, even if aware, many did not use them. In their surgeries 20% had access to bibliographic databases and 17% to the world wide web. Most had some understanding of the technical terms used. The major perceived barrier to practising evidence based medicine was lack of personal time. Respondents thought the most appropriate way to move towards evidence based general practice was by using evidence based guidelines or proposals developed by colleagues. CONCLUSION: Promoting and improving access to summaries of evidence, rather than teaching all general practitioners literature searching and critical appraisal, would be the more appropriate method of encouraging evidence based general practice. General practitioners who are skilled in accessing and interpreting evidence should be encouraged to develop local evidence based guidelines and advice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1983

Selection of scientific periodicals to monitor drug safety information using Excerpta Medica and Japicdoc in the post marketing surveillance of drugs.

In order to select important journals to be monitored for efficient collection of literature information on drug safety, a retrospective search was made of the safety information in the Excerpta Medica (EM) database between 1979 and 1981. The search provided 54,005 references to drug safety, which were found in a total of 2,536 journals. Fifty percent of the references appeared in only 148 journals, or 6% of all journals surveyed. A similar search, carried out using the Japicdoc (JD) database, provided 9,268 references in 172 journals. To cover all the necessary information appearing in overseas journals, however, a retrospective search of a bibliographic database is required as a cost-effective means to improve the comprehensiveness of the collection of information. In domestic journals, because JD includes fewer journals than EM, all of the 172 journals can be monitored for the collection of drug safety information.

Consumer Product Safety↗

PubMed1985

Perusing the literature: comparison of MEDLINE searching with a perinatal trials database.

The existence of a Register of Controlled Trials in Perinatal Medicine (National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, England) has offered an opportunity to assess the efficacy of online searching of MEDLINE, an example of a broad bibliographic database. Retrieval of all relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) in a given field is important in analyses in which results are pooled (meta-analyses). Reports of RCTs of prevention and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) for the years 1966-1983 were sought in both the Register and MEDLINE files. Comparison of subject searches revealed a number of unlisted papers in each file that were then found to be present by an author search. In the MEDLINE searching an amateur was clearly less efficient than an expert, but the expert recovered only 29% of the relevant hyperbilirubinemia papers available in MEDLINE, and only 56% of the identified IVH RCTs. Some of the deficiencies in recovery have been corrected by indexing improvements, such as the capability of identifying text words in abstracts, and the addition of new medical subject heading terms (MeSH) such as RANDOM ALLOCATION. Efficiency will be best facilitated by authors and editors keeping the MeSH terms used by MEDLINE indexers in mind when they compose titles and abstracts.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗

PubMed1994

Building a Database of Data Sets for Health Services Research.

The Database of Data Sets (DB/DS) for Health Services Research will be an online searchable directory of data sets which are available, often with restrictions and confidentiality safeguards, for use by health care researchers. The DB/DS project is aimed at a wide audience, and intends to include a very broad range of health care data sets, ranging from state hospital discharge data bases, to national registries and health survey data sets, to institutional clinical databases. The intended users are the same community of researchers, policy-makers, administrators and practitioners who are served by the National Library of Medicine's current bibliographic databases. This paper describes a pilot phase of the DB/DS project in which the issues involved in creating such a database were explored with an initial set of 20 representative data sets.

Databases, Factual↗