PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Dentin Sensitivity”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Restorative service patterns in Australia: amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomer restorations.

AIM: To examine the provision of amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomer restorations, and to assess whether these main restorative services varied by patient, visit and oral health characteristics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey incorporating a log of service items provided on a typical day. SETTING: Australian private general practice. METHODS: Data on services and patients were collected by a mailed survey from a random sample of dentists from each State/Territory in Australia in 1998-99 with a response rate of 71%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates per visit of amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomer restorations among dentate adults who had received a restoration. RESULTS: Analysis showed older patients had lower amalgam rates but higher glass ionomer rates, composite resin rates were lower at emergency visits, capital city patients had higher amalgam rates but lower composite resin rates, patients with decayed teeth had higher amalgam and composite resin rates, and use of restorative materials varied by clinical problem. CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread use of alternative materials, amalgam rates remained high in circumstances such as replacement restorations and restorations involving more than one surface. Other restorative materials also had specific applications. Both amalgam and composite resins were provided at higher rates to patients with active caries but composite resins were also used at higher rates for aesthetic problems. Glass ionomer restorations were used at higher rates for initial and one-surface restorations, and for conditions such as root caries and dentinal sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effect of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin subjected to different surface pre-treatments--an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of fluid filtration across dentin treated with different formulations of potassium oxalate gels and one gel of acidified sodium fluorophosphate, under five different pre-conditioned dentin surfaces. METHODS: The methodology used for the measurement of hydraulic conductance of dentin in the present study was based on the model suggested by Pashley, Stewart and Galloway [Arch Oral Biol 29 (1984)379]. Two hundred dentin discs 1 mm in thickness, obtained from human extracted third molars, were divided into 20 groups of ten specimens each. The groups corresponded to the following experimental materials: 3% potassium oxalate gel-pH 4; 6% potassium oxalate gel-pH 4; 3% potassium oxalate gel-pH 2.5 and 1.23% fluoride gel (APF gel)-pH 3.6-3.9, applied to dentin under the following surface conditions: air-dried, blot-dried, wet, EDTA air-dried; EDTA blot-dried. General MANOVA and post-hoc Duncan tests were performed on the data. RESULTS: Regardless of surface pre-treatment the 3% potassium oxalate gel-pH 2.5 produced the greatest reduction in dentinal filtration (p<0.05) even after citric acid challenge. In general, air-drying the dentin was the best surface pre-treatment (p<0.05). The interaction between the material and surface pre-treatment showed values of hydraulic conductance similar for most of the combinations, but the 3% potassium oxalate gel-pH 2.5 under wet conditions produced the largest reduction in hydraulic conductance. The APF gel produced the smallest reduction in hydraulic conductance when compared with the other materials, regardless of surface pre-treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: the potassium oxalate gels studied in this investigation have a great potential for tubule occlusion and, consequently, should be effective treatments of dentinal hypersensitivity, regardless of dentin wetness.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1996

A mathematical model of potassium ion diffusion in dentinal tubules.

Desensitizing agents containing potassium ions (K+) are believed to inactivate intradental nerves by raising extracellular [K+]. A mathematical model was used to investigate factors affecting [K+] in dentinal tubules. The most important factors affecting the steady-state tubular [K+] were the tubular fluid-flow velocity, salivary [K+] and the permeability to potassium (k) of the barrier between the tubule and the pulp. Tubular [K+] decreased with increasing outward flow velocity and increasing k. whereas the dimensions of the tubule and odontoblast process had little effect. Following a 1 min simulated application of 500 mmol/1 K+ to the dentine surface, [K+] at the inner end of the tubule increased above steady-state levels for 20-30 min. The maximum [K+] attained at the inner end of the tubule was around 30 mmol/l for an impermeable barrier (k = 0) and flow velocity of 1.4 microns/s, but lower maximum tubular [K+] were achieved when either the outward flow velocity or k was increased. The model suggests that applying potassium-containing preparations to dentine may increase [K+] at the inner ends of dentinal tubules to levels sufficient to inactivate intradental nerves. However, the localized increase in [K+] is transient, and the concentration change will be lessened by conditions that increase the tubular fluid-flow velocity or the permeability of the barrier between the tubule and pulp.

Dentin↗
PubMed2004

The effect of a resin-based sealer on crown retention for three types of cement.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In an effort to control postoperative sensitivity, dentin sealers are being applied following crown preparation with little knowledge of how crown retention might be affected. A previous study demonstrated no adverse effect when using a glutaraldehyde-based sealer, and existing studies have shown conflicting results for resin-based products. PURPOSE: This study determined if a resin sealer applied to prepared dentin affected retention of cemented castings when using 3 common types of luting agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Extracted human molars (n=55) were prepared with a flat occlusal, 20-degree taper, and 4-mm axial length. The axial surface area of each preparation was determined and specimens were distributed equally among groups (n=11). A 2-step, single-bottle adhesive system (One Step) was used to seal dentin following tooth preparation. Sealer was not used on the control specimens except for the modified-resin cement (Resinomer) specimens that required use of adhesive with cementation. Using ceramometal high noble alloy (Olympia), a casting was produced for each specimen and cemented with a seating force of 20 Kg using either zinc phosphate (Fleck's), glass ionomer (Ketac-Cem) or modified-resin cement (Resinomer) with the single-bottle adhesive. Castings were thermal cycled at 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C for 2500 cycles; then removed along the path of insertion using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. A single-factor ANOVA was used with alpha=.05. The nature of failure was also recorded and the data analyzed with a chi-square test. RESULTS: Mean dislodgment stresses for unsealed and sealed conditions were 3.7 +/- 1.0 and 2.2 +/- 0.8 MPa for zinc phosphate; 2.7 +/- 1.2 and 4.2 +/- 0.9 MPa for glass ionomer, respectively (P<.001). Retentive stress of castings cemented with modified-resin cement was 6.4 +/- 1.7 MPa. With resin sealer in combination with zinc phosphate, cement resided totally on castings in 82% of the situations and was on both surfaces without sealer. The tooth failed before casting dislodgment in 9 of 11 specimens cemented with modified-resin cement. CONCLUSIONS: Resin sealer decreased casting retentive stress by 42% when used with zinc phosphate. However, sealer use resulted in 55% increased retention when used with glass ionomer. The modified-resin cement produced the highest mean dislodgment stress, nearly always exceeding the strength of the tooth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Transient effects of low-energy CO2 laser irradiation on dentinal impedance: implications for treatment of hypersensitive teeth.

This study evaluated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on dentinal impedance by passing known cyclic potentials across dentinal wafers mounted as a window in an electrolytic cell and measuring the resulting electrical impedance. Wafers were equilibrated in 0.1 M of KCl. The wafer specimens were irradiated with a CO2 laser (12 W, 0.1 ms, energy density 1.25 J/cm2). The time for impedance equilibration after irradiation was compared with equilibration after mounting. Mounted samples required 48 h to approach equilibrium in the electrolyte. After laser irradiation, impedance of previously equilibrated samples also required 48 h to equilibrate. This, along with exponential curve fitting, confirmed that laser treatment reintroduced a transient alteration in impedance. Equilibration time after irradiation and the mounting were similar. Dentin desociation apparently caused this transient impedance. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the disappearance of K+Cl- after irradiation. Therefore, laser irradiation may cause dentinal desociation, yielding temporary clinical relief of dentinal hypersensitivity until rehydration occurs.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1999

The combined occluding effect of sodium fluoride varnish and Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human dentinal tubules.

Various methods and materials used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity are thought to achieve a therapeutic benefit by tubule occlusion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined occluding effect of sodium fluoride varnish and Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human dentinal tubules. Thirty-six dentin specimens with exposed dentinal tubule orifices were used in this study. The samples were randomly divided into four groups. Groups A, B, and C were varnished by sodium fluoride, whereas group D served as a control. Then, group C was lased by 30 mJ of Nd:YAG laser, 10 pulses/s for 2 min by light painting. Three hours later, groups B and C were brushed by an electrical toothbrush for 30 min. Under SEM observation, the control group showed numerous exposed dentinal tubule orifices, and the sodium fluoride varnished specimens showed closure of exposed dentinal tubule orifices. After electrical toothbrushing, most of the sodium fluoride varnish was brushed away, except in the specimens that were irradiated by Nd:YAG laser. Over 90% of the dentinal tubule orifices were occluded by sodium fluoride varnish combined with Nd:YAG laser irradiation.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1992

Subgingival odontoclastic resorptive lesions. Classification, treatment, and results in 58 cats.

A commonly recognized dental problem in cats is the resorption of tooth structure and subsequent loss of the tooth. These tooth defects are often very painful, because the sensitive dentin layer is exposed. The destruction of the tooth through odontoclastic resorption is considered a consequence of inflammatory resorption, probably secondary to periodontal inflammation. Because these resorptive lesions are progressive in nature, it is best to stage this progression of resorption in order to address treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a group of 58 cats with resorptive lesions to determine the outcome of treatment 6 months or longer after restoration. In 81% of the cats, there was loss of the tooth, evidence of further resorption, or loss of the restoration at one or more resorption sites. Of the 154 teeth restored, only 33% showed no further evidence of loss of tooth structure.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Human odontoblast cell numbers after dental injury.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to measure the changes in odontoblast cell numbers in response to cavity restoration variables and patient factors, and the effect these factors have on dental repair by tertiary dentinogenesis. The number of vital odontoblasts is a critical factor for pulpal repair following restorative surgery, and yet little information is available on these cell numbers. METHODS: Class V non-exposed cavities were prepared in the buccal surface of intact first or second premolar teeth of 27 patients, between 9 and 17 years of age. Following tooth extraction (28-163 days) the area of reactionary dentine and the area of the odontoblasts were measured histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Patient factors, as well as cavity preparation and restoration variables, had little effect on the numbers of odontoblasts per pulpal unit area. However, the age of the patient did appear to have an effect on the reactionary dentine secretory capacity of odontoblasts per unit area, and on the relative number of odontoblasts beneath cut dentinal tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Odontoblast cell numbers were maintained following the preparation of cavities cut into dentine with a 0.5mm residual dentine thickness. The repair capacity of the pulp-dentine complex would appear to be age dependent, this may explain differences in the success of various restorative treatments between patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The dentine disc. A review of its applicability as a model for the in vitro testing of dentine hypersensitivity.

The dentine disc has been extensively used as a model for assessing potential desensitizing agents in vitro by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although the disc provides a readily available and reproducible test substrate, this paper addresses the problems associated with this model such as the natural variation in the dentine tubules and the resulting differences in surface morphology. At the ultrastructural level the surface of a single etched disc exhibits variations in the size, density, orientation and extent of etching of the cut dentine tubules. In the present study a precise control procedure was designed which allowed greater correlation between test and control surfaces. Two adjacent areas of the same disc were used, one as the test surface, the other the control. Two proprietary desensitizers were examined using this methodology. This study has shown that the dentine disc is a good, reliable model for in vitro screening and testing of potential desensitizing agents, providing such controls are applied.

Dentin↗
PubMed2000

The effect of venting on pulpward pressure transmission and seating on crown cementation: a laboratory study.

Measurable hydraulic forces towards the pulp chamber can occur whilst cementing a crown. This study investigated the effect of crown venting and the use of two different seating forces (100 and 2. 5 N) on pulpward pressure transmission. Forty single-rooted premolar teeth were collected from patients requiring extractions for orthodontic reasons. A standardized crown preparation was made and impressions taken to construct individual base-metal alloy crowns. The teeth were divided into four groups based on the type of crown (vented or non-vented) and force used (100 or 2.5 N). The teeth mounted on a specially constructed stand and connected to a 0-104 kPa pressure transducer. The pulp chamber was perfused with saline driven by nitrogen gas at 83 kPa for up to 2 h until a steady state perfusion rate was achieved. Crowns were cemented to the teeth on a uniaxial seating device using zinc phosphate cement. Simultaneous recordings of both pressure pulse and seating discrepancies were recorded. The 40-fold increase in seating force from 2.5 to 100 N resulted in a significant increase (P<0.001) in pulpward pressure in both vented and non-vented crowns. Seating was also significantly improved for the vented crowns regardless of which force was used. Venting had no significant effect on pulpward pressure transmission. It was concluded that a significant relationship existed between seating force and pulpward pressure transmission. Venting improved crown seating but did not have a demonstrable effect on pulpward pressure transmission.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Effects of plaque control on the patency and occlusion of dentine tubules in situ.

To elucidate the nature of dentine hypersensitivity, the effects of plaque control on the patency and occlusion of dentinal tubules were investigated systematically in situ using human dentine slabs embedded in partial dentures. The dentine slabs were divided into three groups. In group I, the dentine slabs were kept in an oral cavity without plaque control. In group II, plaque was removed mechanically by brushing. Plaque control was carried out chemically using chlorhexidine in group III. After being kept in the oral cavities for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, the slabs were removed from the partial denture, followed by SEM observation to determine the morphological changes of the dentinal tubules. When no attempt was made to remove plaque, the diameter of tubule orifices increased to 390% of the original values within 3 weeks. In contrast, dentinal tubules were found to be occluded, i.e. the tubule orifices became <20% of the original value within 1 week when plaque control efforts were made, using either method of plaque control. We conclude that plaque control plays one of the key roles in the patency versus occlusion of dentinal tubules, and thus in the aetiology and natural reparative process of dentine hypersensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Dentine hypersensitivity.

Dentine hypersensitivity is a common oral complaint, affecting the teeth of many individuals. The aetiology is multifactorial; however, over recent years the role of erosion has become more and more important. For dentine hypersensitivity to occur, the lesion must first be localised on the tooth surface and then initiated to exposed dentine tubules which are patent to the pulp. The short, sharp pain symptoms are thought to be derived from the hydrodynamic theory of pain. This episodic pain condition is likely to become a more frequent dental complaint in the future due to the increase in longevity of the dentition and the rise in tooth wear. However, conclusive evidence of successful treatment regimens still eludes us despite a multitude of products available for treatment. In explanation, pain studies are notoriously difficult to conduct due to the subjective nature of pain and the complexity of pain assessment. The basic principles of treatment are altering fluid flow in the dentinal tubules with tubule occlusion or modifying or blocking pulpal nerve response, chemically with agents like potassium or physically.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed1985

Dentin-predentin complex and its permeability: physiologic overview.

The major channels for solute diffusion across dentin are the dentinal tubules. Since dentin permeation is proportional to the product of tubule number and diameter, both of which increase as the tubules converge on the pulp, we find that dentin permeability increases rapidly as the pulp chamber is approached. The presence of a smear layer of cutting debris on top of cut dentin decreases dentin permeability, especially when permeability is measured by fluid filtration. Further, intratubular material--such as mineral deposits, collagen fibrils, proteoglycan linings, bacteria, etc.--can greatly reduce dentin permeability. Although the presence of irregular or irritation dentin has been thought to greatly reduce dentin permeability, recent in vivo experiments in dogs indicate that the dentin permeability of freshly cut cavities prepared in sound dentin falls very rapidly (i.e., 50-60% in the first six hours) before any histologic changes can be detected, either in the pulp or the dentin. When dogs were depleted of their plasma fibrinogen, this rapid decline in dentin permeability following cavity preparation failed to take place. The results implicate leakage of plasma proteins from the underlying pulpal vessels. The proteins subsequently permeate the tubules, where they are either adsorbed to the tubule walls or physically trapped in such a way as to reduce dentin permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Scanning electron microscopic characterization of sensitive vs. insensitive human radicular dentin.

Our aim was to investigate the structural changes of dentinal tubules in specimens obtained from both hypersensitive and naturally desensitized areas in wedge-shaped defects on the same exposed cervical dentin surface of a hypersensitive tooth. A new biopsy technique that makes use of a hollow, cylindrical diamond bur was designed so that specimens from exposed root dentin of vital teeth could be obtained. Twenty-two dentin biopsy pairs were divided into two groups; one was prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the other for microradiography (MR). Small hypersensitive areas were identified by a scratch test on exposed human dentin in vivo. SEM observation of the dentin biopsies showed that the orifices of many dentinal tubules in hypersensitive areas were open and that membranous structures appeared on the walls of dentinal tubules. In naturally desensitized areas on the same dentin surface, most of the dentinal tubules were obturated with rhombohedral crystals of all sizes; membranous structures were not observed in these tubules. These results showed that hypersensitivity occurred on the exposed dentin when most of the tubular orifices were open.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Disability weights for the burden of oral disease in South Australia.

BACKGROUND: Australian burden of disease estimates appeared inconsistent with the reported repetitive and ubiquitous nature of dental problems. The aims of the study were to measure the nature, severity and duration of symptoms for specific oral conditions, and calculate disability weights from these measures. METHODS: Data were collected in 2001-02 from a random sample of South Australian dentists using mailed self-complete questionnaires. Dentists recorded the diagnosis of dental problems and provided patients with self-complete questionnaires to record the nature, severity and duration of symptoms using the EuroQol instrument. Data were available from 378 dentists (response rate = 60%). RESULTS: Disability weights were highest for pulpal infection (0.069), caries (0.044) and dentinal sensitivity (0.040), followed by denture problems (0.026), periodontal disease (0.023), failed restorations (0.019), tooth fractures (0.014) and tooth wear (0.011). Aesthetic problems had a low disability weight (0.002), and both recall/maintenance care and oral hygiene had adjusted weights of zero. CONCLUSIONS: Disability weights for caries (0.044), periodontal disease (0.023) and denture problems (0.026) in this study were higher than comparable oral health conditions in the Australian Burden of Disease and Injury Study (0.005 for caries involving a filling and 0.014 for caries involving an extraction, 0.007 for periodontal disease, and 0.004 for edentulism). A range of common problems such as pulpal infection, failed restorations and tooth fracture that were not included in the Australian Burden of Disease and Injury Study had relatively high disability weights. The inclusion of a fuller range of oral health problems along with revised disability weights would result in oral health accounting for a larger amount of disability than originally estimated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Re-evaluating pulp protection: calcium hydroxide liners vs. cohesive hybridization.

Certain clinical and biological studies have reported that prepared dentin and the underlying pulp must be protected with a calcium hydroxide base and liners that supposedly impart biological and structural integrity to tissues. Since the mid-1950s, dentists have relied on a number of calcium hydroxide medicaments for this goal. But recent studies imply that clinicians need to re-evaluate the generous use of certain calcium hydroxide medicaments under restorations.

Acid Etching, Dental↗