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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Some doubts of the allergist.

The authors examine and discuss some controversial points of allergologic literature concerning immunomodulation, pathogenesis, hygiene hypothesis, mixture of vaccines and treatment schedules.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2006

Sublingual vaccines based on wild-type recombinant allergens.

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) represents a non invasive alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy in order to treat type I allergies. Vaccines based on recombinant allergens expressed in a native (i.e. wild-type) configuration, formulated with ad hoc adjuvants designed to target Langerhans cells in the sublingual mucosa should allow to induce allergen-specific regulatory T cells. In this context, we have developed animal and human preclinical models to test the capacity of candidate vaccines to modulate selectively allergen-specific T helper lymphocyte polarization following sublingual vaccination.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

[New possibilities of hyposensitization with pollen-l-tyrosine complexes (author's transl)].

The so far most comprehensive individual study into the clinical findings in the hyposensitization therapy with pollen-L-tyrosine complexes in 253 pollinosis patients, who were first subjected to a hyposensitization therapy, permitted a comprehensive evaluation of the indication possibilities of these preparations (Pollagen, Tyrosin-Allergoid; in other countries available as Pollinex, Polvac, Bencard-Polen). The success of this hyposensitization, which may be reduced to three injections, can be immunologically established and is only slightly smaller than in the case of a specific desensitization over a period of 5--6 months preseasonally. The therapy is indicated first and foremost in patients who either have a moderate or medium-degree sensitization to grass pollens or who come to a medical examination only briefly before the pollen season. The addition of rye pollens obviously gives the preparation Tyrosin-Allergoid an advantage over the mixture of pure grass pollens as used in Pollagen. Rye pollens are responsible for the highest pollen concentrations and thus for the most severe complaints of pollinosis patients. A considerable increase in the therapeutic success, approximately 20%, can be achieved on the basis of a therapy modification, presented here for the first time: The patient is treated preseasonally with a specific desensitization vaccine and immediately before the pollen season he is additionally vaccinated with tyrosine-adsorbed pollen allergens as a kind of booster vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Novel approaches to immunotherapy: epitopes, determinants, activators, or modulators?

The immunological mechanism through which immunotherapy (IT) acts is not certainly known. The participation of the so-called "blocking antibodies" has not been proved and how it intervenes in the regulation of the production of IgE is still to be cleared, as it affects the action of lymphocytes Th1 and Th2. Nowadays, IT is based in the concept that the allergic reaction is somehow an antigen (allergen)-antibody (reagin) reaction. The possible modifications of IT are also based on the possibility to interfere in the antigen-antibody interaction. It has been proved in vitro that aqueous extracts of some allergens produce the consumption of complement, by its usual via, in which the C1 component is involved, without the mediation of antibodies, generating anaphylotoxin C3a, which is a powerful releaser of histamine, as well as C3b, which participates in the regulation of the cellular immunitary system. The term atopen should therefore be used when referring to the unspecific activation or adjuvant activity of antigenically different allergens, due to their common structural or functional characteristics. The term allergen should then be used when describing those structural traits of the carrier molecule, which preferently produces the induction, and possible recognition of IgE antibodies. The action atopen and allergen as separate characteristics of a same molecule could theoretically become important in the future of therapeutics. The receptor of membrane CD21 for C3b, in B cells is a link for lectine CD23 of lymphocytes B, which has been identified with the low affinity receptor IgE (Fce RII-CD23). In summary, the basic defect in atopy may reside in a defect of the receptor portion of reagin for atopen, but not in IgE. This means that in the nearby future, this fact should be taken into account in the search of drugs which participate in this kind of activation of allergic reaction, trying to modify or modulate the low affinity receptor IgE or even the high affinity receptor IgE.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗