PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ENTEROCOLITIS, ACUTE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The 106-kilobase plasmid of Salmonella braenderup and the 100-kilobase plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium are not necessary for the pathogenicity in experimental models.

Among 1.041 clinical isolates (77 serovars) of Salmonella which had been derived from cases with acute enterocolitis, 601 (58%) contained one or more plasmids. Large serovar-specific plasmids were seen in 95 of 307 isolates (31%) of Salmonella typhimurium, in 34 of 34 isolates (100%) of Salmonella enteritidis and in 36 of 38 isolates (94.7%) of Salmonella braenderup: the sizes of which were 100, 60 and 106 kilobases (kb), respectively. In order to determine the role of these plasmids in pathogenicity for enterocolitis, the plasmids were eliminated from some strains of S. braenderup and S. typhimurium and the pathogenicity of the plasmid-less strains was compared with that of the parent strains by invasiveness to HeLa cells, fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop, lesion of mucosal tissue and the Sereny test. The virulence of all the plasmid-less strains was as strong as that of the plasmid-bearing strains in these pathogenicity assay systems. We therefore concluded that the 106-kb plasmid of S. braenderup and the 100-kb plasmid of S. typhimurium are not necessary for their pathogenicity in the experimental models: invasiveness to HeLa cells, fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop, and Sereny test.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Histopathology of intestinal inflammation related to reactive arthritis.

This study has identified a group of patients with inflammatory chronic, or relapsing acute arthritis who even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms have histological evidence of ileocolitis. At colonoscopy simultaneous biopsies of the terminal ileum and colon were taken from 108 patients with reactive arthritis (n = 55) or ankylosing spondylitis (n = 53), 47 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 19 control patients suffering from colonic polyps, adenocarcinoma, or chronic constipation. All control patients and all but one patient with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lumbar back ache, and psoriatic arthritis did not have histological evidence of acute or chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, in 30 of 35 (56.6%) patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and in 37 of 55 (67%) patients with reactive arthritis, regardless of HLA B27 phenotype, there was histological evidence of inflammatory bowel disease with features either of acute enterocolitis, or early Crohn's disease. Only 18 of 67 (27%) of the patients with histological gut inflammation, however, had intestinal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Bacteriological evaluation of fosfomycin in clinical studies.

Since fosfomycin has behaved in vitro as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an attempt has been made to evaluate this behaviour in controlled clinical study carried out at different Spanish hospitals. A total of 959 patients were treated for some of the following infectious clinical processes: gonococcal urethritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, chronic otorrhoea, septicaemia, meningitis, peritonitis, surgical and suppurative infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngoamygdalitis, burns, endometritis, ocular infection, whooping cough and nasal carriers of S. aureus. The results obtained as a function of the microorganism isolated in these clinical processes in percentage of clinical and bacteriological success have been 96% of the S. aureus infections, 95% of the Streptococcus sp. including S. pneumoniae, 90% of the N. gonorrhoeae infections, 94% of the E. coli infections including enteropathogenic E. coli, 90% of the S. marcescens infections, 76% of the Proteus sp. infections, 72% of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter infections, 66% of P. aeruginosa infections and 78% of the S. typhi infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Equine monocytic Ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever) in horses in Uruguay and southern Brazil.

A disease named locally as churrío or churrido equino (i.e., equine scours) has occurred for at least 100 years in Uruguay and southern Brazil in farms along both shores of the Merín lake. This report describes cases of churrido equino and provides serologic, pathologic, and DNA-based evidence indicating that the disease is in fact equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever). Results of an epidemiological investigation conducted on an endemic farm are also presented. Clinical signs in 12 horses were fever, depression, diarrhea, dehydration, and sometimes colic and distal hind limb edema. Postmortem findings of 3 horses were of acute enterocolitis. Inclusion bodies containing ehrlichial organisms were found in the cytoplasm of macrophages of the large colon of 1 horse. Eleven of the 12 horses were serologically positive to Ehrlichia risticii (indirect fluorescent antibody assay) and, of 3 paired samples, 2 showed seroconversion. Ehrlichia risticii DNA was identified by a nested polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood of an affected horse. A healthy horse inoculated with peripheral blood from an affected horse developed the disease and antibodies to E. risticii. The disease had a peak incidence in March (summer) and was statistically associated with a marshy ecosystem near the Merín lake, where large numbers of Pomacea spp. (Ampullariidae) snails were found. Incidence density was almost 8 times higher in nonnative horses than in native horses. It was concluded that the previous diarrheic disease of horses known in Uruguay and southern Brazil as churrido equino is equine monocytic ehrlichiosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic involvement of ceco-appendicular segment: a diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain in patient receiving chemotherapy.

Metastases are a common feature during the evolution of breast cancer. However, gastrointestinal metastases, and especially ceco-appendicular ones, are very rare. Melanoma however frequently metastasize in the gastrointestinal tract. Ceco-appendicular metastases do not display any specific signs in cancerous patients. These rare metastases must be considered in the diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain in cancerous patients. The main differential diagnosis includes neutropenic enterocolitis, acute appendicitis, malignant intestinal obstruction and perforation of the bowel. The morbidity of gastrointestinal complications in patients with metastatic cancer receiving chemotherapy is significant and surgery is often the only chance of survival. The major clinical decision is whether or not to operate.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the plasmid profile of various Salmonella serotypes].

INTRODUCTION: Every year foodborne infections cause millions of illnesses but many of them go undiagnosed and unreported. The epidemiology of these illnesses is changing, new pathogens have emerged (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Vibrio vulnificus). Salmonella spp. is the most common bacterial cause of acute enterocolitis with us. All over the world, as well as in our country the most often isolated serotype is Salmonella Enteritidis. A great problem in many countries is the multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as other serotypes resistant to a great number of antimicrobial drugs (S. Hadar, S. Typhi). Clinical microbiologists are often asked to determine the relatedness of bacterial isolates. Recently, traditional methods of strain typing such as bacteriophage typing, resistotyping and serotyping, have been supplemented or replaced in many laboratories with newer molecular methods such as plasmid fingerprinting, ribotyping. PCR-based methods, etc. The goal of strain typing is to provide evidence that epidemiologically related isolates collected during an outbreak are also genetically related and thus represent the same strain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the laboratory for Enterobacteriaceae of the Institute of Public Health Novi Sad in the four year period (1995-1998) 3659 primary isolates of Salmonella spp. were isolated using standard bacteriological methods (cultural, biochemical and serological examination). For certain strain of Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Hadar susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was tested by disc-diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer) and plasmid profiles were analyzed. Plasmid DNA was extracted by Birnboim and Doly alkaline lysis method and plasmid bands were separated by electrophoresis in agarose gel. RESULTS: In the period of 1995-1998 the most common serotype isolated was Salmonella Enteritidis with 3017 (82.5%) of the total number of isolated Salmonellas; S. Typhimurium 203 (5.5%), S. Hadar 118 (3.2%). Plasmid profiles were tested in 10 S. Enteritidis isolates that originated from patients with sporadic cases of diarrhea. All investigated strains had one plasmid band with molecular weight of 38 MDa. All isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Ten isolates of S. Hadar originated from one outbreak from food samples and stools of patients with diarrheal disease and from the worker in the restaurant. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin, and plasmid profile analysis showed 5 plasmid bands with molecular weights of 13, 5.4, 4.2, 2.0 and 1.7 MDa. Chosen strains of S. Typhimurim were not epidemically related. Strains number 1, 3, 4, 5 were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, and had only one plasmid of 50 MDa, strain number 7 was resistant to streptomycin and had 2 plasmid bands of 50 and 1.7 MDa, other strains were multiresistant and had different plasmid profiles with 4-7 plasmid bands with molecular weights ranging from 50-1.4 MDa. CONCLUSION: Plasmid profile analysis is not a sufficient method for examination of Salmonella Enteritidis which is the most common cause of enterocolitis with us. It is, however, a helpful method for proving epidemiological and clonal relatedness of Salmonella isolates that are resistant to antimicrobial agents and have a great number of plasmids (such as some strains of S. Typhimurim and S. Hadar).

Enterocolitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increased incidence of some strains of Klebsiella aerogenes].

Study of the incidence of Klebsiella aerogenes strains in neonates and infants with acute enterocolitis in the Maternity and Pediatric Departments gave the following results: - bacteriologic investigations were carried out in 1831 subjects, isolating 138 Klebsiella aerogenes strains; - the proportion of Klebsiella isolations increased from 4.6% in 1973 to 11.1% in 1974; - the maximum receptivity to Klebsiella aerogenes was noted in the 0-2 years age group, in a proportion of 23%; - in the 0-6 months age group Klebsiella aerogenes was the evident causal agent of enterocolitis, being isolated in pure cultures or as predominant germ in 70-80% of the cases. Worthy of note was the increased resistance to antibiotics in terms of the rising age-group scale. The predominance of a single serotype (K 15), the similar sensitivity of the strains to phage 32 and to antibiotics plead for an epidemic evolution of the cases studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hirschsprung's disease in adolescents. Misadventures in diagnosis and management.

Three male adolescents, ages 13, 15, and 17 years, presented with complications of their Hirschsprung's disease, including acute enterocolitis with sepsis, chronic enterocolitis with anemia and leukocytosis, and severe fecal impaction. All had experienced delay in diagnosis resulting from either physician error in diagnosis or physician misinformation concerning the surgical treatment of the disease. These three patients illustrate some of the pitfalls in the diagnosis and surgical management of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Misinformation concerning the surgical correction of this disease still exists, and these patients emphasize the necessity of continued, updated information in the diagnosis, management, and outcome of patients with Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surgical management of duodenal obstruction in an adult horse.

A 3-year-old Standardbred stallion was admitted for treatment of acute enterocolitis. The horse improved in response to empiric treatment, but subsequently developed ventral edema, scrotal abscessation, and severe laminitis. Improvement again was seen, but on day 29 of hospitalization, the horse developed rapid heart rate and signs of abdominal pain. Exploratory celiotomy revealed complete obstruction of the descending portion of the duodenum, 20 cm caudal to the duodenal sigmoidal flexure. Three-tier duodenojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy were performed to bypass the duodenal obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Yersinia exanthema].

Yersinia is an enterobacterium that causes acute enterocolitis, pseudoappendicitis and sepsis. Some patients suffer from post-infectious immunopathological complications, such as erythema nodosum and yersinia arthritis, which are well known. Less information exists concerning the erythema multiforme-like yersinia exanthema, which is a distinctive dermatological disorder with target lesions localized predominantly on the neck, shoulders and arms. These lesions, which may be smaller but often are larger than the iris lesions in conventional erythema multiforme, tend to coalesce into plaques and reveal a papulovesicular component at their periphery. In our cases the exanthema was associated with a conjunctivitis, especially of the nasal part of the conjunctiva. This exanthema can be induced by yersinia enterocolitica, serotype O-3 and type O-9, at least in Europe, whereas serotype O-8 prevails in North America. The most helpful diagnostic criteria are serological data. However, it is crucial to remember that Widal's agglutination reaction gives rise to high titres, whereas the results of the complement-fixation test are often not reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical and pharmacokinetics evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics].

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 39-152 mg/kg per day of FMOX by intravenous administration. Diagnosis of patients were pneumonia in 15 patients, acute upper respiratory tract infection in 5, acute enterocolitis in 3, urinary tract infection in 2 and cholangitis, suppurative lymphadenitis and suspicious sepsis in 1 patient each. Clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 5, poor in 2 and 6 cases were excluded because therapy periods were too short and other antibiotics were used together. Efficacy rate was 68% and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 83%. 2. Rash was found in 5 cases and thrombocytosis was found in 1 out of 28 cases. However, no severe adverse reaction was encountered. 3. The peak serum level of FMOX was 51.0 micrograms/ml after 20 mg/kg of drip infusion for 30 minutes and the half-life was 17.2 minutes in alpha-phase and 58.2 minutes in beta-phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical efficacy of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics].

A new oxacephem antibiotic, flomoxef sodium (FMOX, 6315-S), was studied for its clinical efficacy in the field of pediatrics. The treated patients were infants and children ranging from 6 months to 14 years old suffering from bacterial pneumonia in 3 cases, acute tonsillitis in 2 cases, acute enterocolitis in 2 cases, and cellulitis and urinary tract infection in 1 case each, a total of 9 cases. FMOX was administered at (levels of) 57-150 mg/kg in daily dose with durations of treatment ranging from 5 to 18 days. Clinical efficacies of good or excellent results were obtained in all cases (excellent in 4, good in 5). As an adverse reaction, eosinophilia was observed in 1 patient. This elevation is, however, normalized with the cessation of the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Studies on the pathogenesis of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf infection in weanling pigs.

Twenty-six 4-week-old pigs were randomly allotted to 4 groups: group 1--orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium; group 2--orally dosed with S choleraesuis; and groups 3 and 4, with surgically constructed intestinal loops--loops inoculated with either S typhimurium or S choleraesuis. One pig each from groups 1 and 2 was killed at 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after inoculation. One pig each from groups 3 and 4 was killed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after intestinal loop inoculation. Inoculation of S typhimurium resulted in acute enterocolitis of variable severity, whereas inoculation of S choleraesuis resulted initially in septicemia followed by formation of large necrotic and ulcerative lesions in the colonic mucosa. The most consistent systemic lesion of S choleraesuis infection was interstitial pneumonia and multifocal hepatic necrosis. Salmonella typhimurium and S choleraesuis were ultrastructurally within enterocytes of ligated ileal loops. Intracellular bacteria were morphologically intact, occurred free in the cytoplasm and membrane bound, and caused no detectable cytotoxic effect to the cell. Both S typhimurium and S choleraesuis penetrated the intestinal mucosa and were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes at 2 hours after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in neonates and premature infants].

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was administered to 34 full-term and premature infants aged 0-27 days with various bacterial infections in a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, and plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates in these subjects during recovery periods were studied. Because of the small number of the cases recruited, neonates were not divided into the full-term and the premature group, but into 3 groups based on day-age: 0-3 days, 4-7 days, and 8 days or older. Concentrations and rates of transfer of CAZ into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in 2 cases, and biliary concentrations in another case. A clinical evaluation of CAZ was performed in 12 male and 6 female infants aged 1 day to 4 months and 19 days, including 2 each with purulent meningitis, pneumonia and pyelonephritis, 3 with septicemia, 1 each with septicemia suspected, cholangitis, osteomyelitis, bronchopneumonia, staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome, and acute enterocolitis and 3 for prophylactic use. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CAZ The intravenous bolus injection at 10 mg/kg. Peak plasma concentrations of CAZ were obtained at the first collection (30 minutes) of blood samples or 1 hour in all 3 groups, ranging from 23.3 to 26.9 micrograms/ml with no significant variations, plasma concentrations then slowly decreased, and were still 6.04-9.88 micrograms/ml even at 6 hours after the administration. The half-lives of CAZ in plasma tended to be shorter in older day-age neonates, with mean half-lives being 3.59, 2.50 and 2.50 hours for the youngest. The intravenous bolus injection at 20 mg/kg. Peak concentrations were obtained at the first collection of blood samples in all 3 groups (0-3 days: 15 minutes, the others: 30 minutes), being 54.8, 39.9 and 43.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, then slowly decreased and were still 10.4-15.7 micrograms/ml even at 6 hours after the administration. Inter-age differences in half-lives were marked, i.e., 3.6 hours in 0-3-day group, 3.48 hours in 4-7-day group and 2.75 hours in 8-day or older group. Urinary recovery rates were about 40-60% without reference to day-age neonates. CSF concentrations About 50 mg/kg of CAZ was given to each of 2 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Infectious colitis. Endoscopy].

Colon and rectum localizations of an disease or a parasitosis depend essentially on the nature of the pathogenous agent and the host resistance. Acute enterocolitis is secondary to enterotoxinogenous germs (such as cholera vibrio), invasive germs (such as shigella), penetrating germs (such as salmonella); viruses are seldom concerned. Parasitic colitis include mostly amibiasis and bilharziosis. Infectious and parasitic enterocolitis may be transmitted sexually. On the other hand, certain venereal diseases have intestinal manifestations. Finally, in AIDS, timely gastro-intestinal infections develop. The diagnosis rests on endoscopy, histological examination and biological and parasitological samplings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Lesions of the distal segment of the large intestine in Reiter's disease].

Altogether 23 male patients with Reiter's disease (RD) were followed-up in an arid zone. An interstitial syndrome was diagnosed in addition to the urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome. In one group (14 patients) RD followed acute enterocolitis (dysentery in 3 cases and 9 cases of unknown etiology). Halprovias were found in 5 patients, colon lesion in 12 patients. In the other group (9 patients) halprovias were found in 4 patients. The signs of enterocolitis, pathological microbial flora in the stool and changes in the colon mucosa were absent. An assumption was made of pathogenetic relationship of the urethro-oculo-synovial and intestinal syndromes in RD. A more serious RD course was noted in this combination of syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Asphyxia neonatorum.

Various biochemical and structural changes affecting the newborn's wellbeing develop as a result of perinatal asphyxia. Central nervous system abnormalities are frequent complications with high mortality and morbidity. Cardiac compromise may lead to dysrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. Coagulopathy in the form of disseminated intravascular coagulation or massive pulmonary hemorrhage are potentially lethal complications. Necrotizing enterocolitis, acute renal failure, and endocrine problems affecting fluid electrolyte balance are likely to occur. Even the adrenal glands and pancreas are vulnerable to perinatal oxygen deprivation. The best form of management appears to be anticipation, early identification, and prevention of potential obstetrical-neonatal problems. Every effort should be made to carry out effective resuscitation measures on the depressed infant at the time of delivery.

Acute Kidney Injury↗