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Results for “ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infections by real-time PCR on the LightCycler using the TaqMan format.

A 2 h single-tube, reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR/hybridization assay using the TaqMan format for rapid diagnostic screening of enterovirus (EV) infections was optimized for the real-time LightCycler (LC) technology. For low EV load clinical samples an additional 30 min reamplification step using a novel primer-mix/probe design resulted in a 100% concordance with AMPLICOR EV PCR Test and in-house RT-PCR. Combined with maximum specificity, the sensitivity of LC-PCR was 10- to 100-fold higher compared to AMPLICOR EV Test.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed2004

Human endothelial cell activation and apoptosis induced by enterovirus 71 infection.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a neurotropic virus, its infection is transmitted mainly by the oral-fecal route. However, it is unclear how EV71 is disseminated/spread from initial replication sites to the central nervous system. Since endothelial cells form the interface between blood and tissues throughout the body, it is likely that EV71 can infect and then exit endothelial cells to establish infection. In this study, human endothelial cells were examined for susceptibility to EV71 infection using human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1 cell). Immunofluorescence assay confirmed EV71 infection of HMEC-1. Viable viruses were cultured from both the culture supernatant and the cell lysate. Live but not UV-inactivated EV71 induced HMEC-1 to secrete IL-6, macrophage migration inhibition factor, and macrophage chemo-attractant protein 1, and to express toll-like receptor 4. In addition, EV71 decreased the viability and increased the apoptosis of HMEC-1 cells after 36-48 hr of infection. These results demonstrate that EV71 is able to infect, activate, and induce apoptosis of endothelial cells, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of EV71 infection.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2005

[Neuromeningeal enterovirus infections in Tunisia: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of 26 pediatric cases].

UNLABELLED: Non-polio enteroviruses are the most common identified cause of viral neuromeningeal infections following the introduction of the mumps and polio vaccines. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and the outcome of enteroviral infections of the CNS. METHOD AND PATIENTS: We performed a prospective study on 41 children admitted for viral neuromeningeal infections in the pediatric department of Monastir between December 2001 and November 2002. Enteroviruses were detected from cerebrospinal fluid by RT-PCR. RESULTS: This study showed that enteroviruses were responsible for 63.4% of the infections. The mean age of patients was 6.1 years. Aseptic meningitis was diagnosed in 14 cases and encephalitis in 10. The most frequent symptom was fever (61.5%), followed by seizures (42.3%), and confusion (23%). On follow-up, all patients with meningitis had recovered without sequels. Neurological complications in patients with encephalitis were epilepsy (3 cases), cerebral palsy (2 cases), and mental retardation (1 case). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that enteroviruses were the most common cause of viral infections of the CNS. Common use of RT-PCR can have a significant impact on the outcome of patients with enterovirus infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Are enterovirus infections a co-factor in sudden hearing loss?

Since viral infections are believed to be one of the causes of sudden hearing loss we have used serological assays for herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and enterovirus as well as polymerase chain reaction for enterovirus to test 55 sudden hearing loss patients for viral infections. Serological screening of these patients for HSV and VZV failed to reveal significant differences between the patient group and the controls. In contrast, enterovirus sequences were detected by RT-PCR in 40% of the patient group, but in none of the controls, suggesting that enterovirus infections may be associated with sudden hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Detection of parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and enterovirus infections in cases of intrauterine fetal death.

AIMS: Maternal infections with parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and enterovirus have been associated with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), but the incidence of these infections is not clear. This prospective study was conducted to estimate this incidence. METHODS: A prospective study of 38 months was conducted on cases of IUFD referred to Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Placental biopsies, fetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected from cases of IUFD (n=52). Placental biopsies from normal pregnancies at term (n=53) were used as controls. These tissues were examined for parvovirus B19 DNA, CMV DNA and enterovirus RNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Maternal viral serology was measured in 46 cases and virus isolation for enterovirus in maternal stool samples was performed in 31 cases. RESULTS: Viral nucleic acid was recovered in at least one tissue sample from six cases of fetal death (parvovirus B19 in two cases, CMV in three and enterovirus in one), while all placental biopsies from controls were found negative. Serological signs of primary maternal infection were found in two of the cases, and virus isolation for enterovirus was negative in all samples examined. CONCLUSION: Parvovirus B19, CMV and enterovirus may be considered as etiologic agents in cases of fetal death. PCR on placental and/or fetal tissue improves diagnostic accuracy for these infections.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of enterovirus infection in cultures of human and mouse hybrid cells].

Lines of human-mouse hybrid cells susceptible to infection with poliomyelitis types I, II, III, ECHO type 1 and 12, and Coxsackie A7 viruses have been derived. The presence in the hybrid cells of 2 and 3 genomes of the nonpermissive cell partner (mouse) was shown not to inhibit enterovirus reproduction. Hybrid cultures differed in their sensitivity to the mutagenic action of poliomyelitis virus. There was no correlation between poliomyelitis virus yield and the number of chromosome breaks in hybrid cells. Poliomyelitis virus type I-infected hybrid cultures passaged for 11/2 months eliminated this virus and subsequently became less sensitive to reinfection with poliomyelitis virus of all 3 types but retained their original sensitivity to Coxsackie and ECHO viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[A study on enterovirus infection in Osaka prefecture --comparison with virus isolation and RT-PCR amplifying viral protein 1 region].

Detection of viral genomes with RT-PCR, which amplifies viral protein 1 region, as well as virus isolation was performed on 860 patients (996 specimens) who had been suspected for enterovirus (EV) infection in Osaka Prefecture from April 2003 to Jury 2004. The viral positive rates of the clinical materials, combining above two procedures, were as follows: 48.2% from the feces, 38.3% from the throat swabs, and 18.0% from the cerebrospinal fluids. The positive rate by the clinical diagnosis indicated that herpangina was the highest at 44.7%, while encephalitis was the lowest at 13.4%. Out of the all specimens, the viral positive rate of RT-PCR varied from 22.3 to 24.7%, while that of virus isolation was 15.6%. The total viral positive rate of both procedures combined was 29.8%. Since the detection of EV by RT-PCR amplifing viral protein 1 region was more rapid than virus isolation and superior in detection of coxsackie group A virus, RT-PCR is an effective procedure for diagnosis of herpangina.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The significance of a congenital enterovirus infection in the pathogenesis of transient intrainfectious nephropathy and interstitial nephritis detected in children with influenza-like and acute respiratory diseases].

The paper presents the data confirming the hypothesis on the involvement of the congenital enteroviral infection in etiology of chronic nephropathy manifesting in children in the presence of influenza-like and acute respiratory infections diseases. 100 relevant children were examined. Family history indicated a high risk of enteroviruses inheritance from mothers who were chronic carriers in 19 out of 20 children with pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis (95%), in 17 out of 23 children with transitory nephropathy (73.9%) and 16 out of 57 patients without nephropathy (28.1%). Coxsackie enteroviruses (A and B) occurred in the urinary sediment in 82.3, 68.4, 29.5% of the patients from the groups under comparison, respectively. In children free of nephropathy the viruses manifested primarily in the seasons with the highest prevalence of the enteroviral diseases, in those with nephropathy Coxsackie viruses detection rate was not season-related. Recognition of enteroviruses (Coxsackie B, as a rule) was significantly related to the risk of the transmission from the mother. Persistence of the viruses in the cells of the urinary system of children with congenital viral infection seems to run subclinically for a long time. Influenza and other acute respiratory diseases promoted activation of the endogenic infection which resulted in transitory nephropathy or interstitial nephritides.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Comparative evaluation of immunoglobulin M neutralizing antibody response in acute-phase sera and virus isolation for the routine diagnosis of enterovirus infection.

A total of 314 patients exhibiting symptoms consistent with a viral disease provided, during the early stage of hospitalization, at least one specimen from a peripheral site (throat or stools or both) and a serum specimen in order to evaluate the neutralizing immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response in acute-phase serum in comparison with virus isolation for the rapid diagnosis of enterovirus (EV) infection. IgM antibodies were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and tested by seroneutralization against the various types of EV that have been recently circulating. A total of 189 patients (60%) were negative, and 21 (7%) were positive by both methods; in 51 patients (16%), a virus was isolated without IgM antibody response; 53 patients (17%) showed the opposite pattern. In all age groups except for children under 6 months, the frequency of positive results was higher with IgM serology than with virus isolation (27 and 22%, respectively). Apart from meningitis, for which isolation was more efficient, the other clinical conditions were associated with similar percentages of positivity by both methods. Regarding the 21 cases with positive results by the two techniques, the same serotype was detected in 9 cases and different serotypes were detected in 12, suggesting crossreactivities. Thus, IgM neutralizing antibody response on acute-phase serum appears to be of limited value in the rapid diagnosis of acute EV infection but may prove useful for the investigation of the wide range of chronic diseases associated with EV.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Serological and molecular evidence of enterovirus infection in patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relative diagnostic value of enterovirus-specific molecular biological and serological assays in patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, and to investigate the possible role of other cardiotropic viruses in dilated cardiomyopathy. DESIGN: Analysis of recipient myocardial tissue and serum from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and controls undergoing cardiac transplantation for end-stage cardiac disease. SETTING: University virology department and transplantation unit. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequence analysis of myocardial RNA and DNA; enterovirus-specific in situ hybridization; enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M detection. RESULTS: Enterovirus RNA was detected in myocardial tissue from only a small proportion of (five of 75) hearts. However, although enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M responses were detected in 22 (28%) of 39 controls patients, a significantly higher prevalence was observed among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (22 (56%) of 39 patients; P < 0.005). All enteroviruses detected in myocardium showed greatest nucleotide sequence homology with coxsackievirus type B3. Detection of enterovirus RNA in myocardium by the polymerase chain reaction and by in situ hybridisation gave comparable results. Other potentially cardiotropic virus genomes, including human cytomegalovirus, influenzaviruses, and coronaviruses were not detected in myocardium. CONCLUSION: This study found that enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M responses provided the strongest evidence of enterovirus involvement in patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the high background prevalence of these responses limits their diagnostic value. The finding that enteroviruses detected in myocardium were coxsackievirus type B3 accords with recent findings in patients with acute myocarditis, and indicates that this serotype is the major cardiotropic human enterovirus.

Antibodies, Viral↗