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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Fatal familial cholestatic syndrome in Greenland Eskimo children.

A syndrome of intrahepatic cholestasis leading to death in early childhood was studied in 16 Greenland Eskimo children. The pedigrees are compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Jaundice, bleeding, pruritus, malnutrition, steatorrhoea, osteodystrophy and dwarfism were typical clinical features. Eight had died between the ages of six weeks and three years due to bleeding or infections. Hyperbilirubinaemia, profound hypoprothrombinaemia, thrombocytosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were evident. Serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels indicated a secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hepatic fibrosis developed with increasing age. Follow-up of the surviving patients was 4 to 30 months. The aetiology of the disease is unknown. The syndrome has some features in common with previously described patients with familial intrahepatic cholestasis. No specific treatment is available. Genetic counselling is essential.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1977

Variation and heritability of ocular dimensions. A population study among adult Greenland Eskimos.

Adult Greenland Eskimos from Umanaq town (age 15+) and villages (age 40+) were examined. Optical pachymetry, ultrasonic oculometry, corneal diameter and curvature measurements, and subjective refraction were performed in 5-600 persons. Frequent occurrence of primary angle-closure glaucoma motivated the survey. Age-, sex- and family-variations were studied by linear regression analyses. Conspicuous age effect was found with respect to increase of lens thickness and forward displacement of the lens with age. Almost no age influence was found with respect to increase of lens thickness and forward displacement of the lens with age. Almost no age influence was found with respect to corneoscleral size, i. e. axial length, corneal size and corneal radius of curvature. Conspicuous heritability (h2=0.6-0.8) was found in corneoscleral size parameters as well as lens position, while refractive error showed a much smaller genetic influence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pseudoexfoliation in Eskimos (Inuit) in Greenland.

In a Greenland municipality, slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed in 44 individuals aged 70 or above. Two were found to have pseudoexfoliation corresponding to 4.5%. This is the first time pseudoexfoliation has been demonstrated in Eskimos.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Early detection of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Limbal and axial chamber depth screening in a high risk population (Greenland Eskimos).

In an unselected population of 541 Greenland Eskimos, a survey was performed aiming at early primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) detection. Of the men 162/274 and women 182/267 were above the age of 40. The ophthalmological examination included slit-lamp grading of limbal chamber depth (LCD), axial Haag Streit pachymetric chamber depth (ACD) measurement and direct gonioscopy in all shallow chamber cases. Dark room prone position provocative tests were extensively used in suspects. In 3 men and 5 women PACG was diagnosed, giving, above age 40, a prevalence of 2% in men (3/162) and increasing the PACG prevalence to 10% in women (18/182) as 13 were known a priori. PACG suspects, needing prophylactical iridectomy or pilocarpine, constituted 1 man and 6 women. Furthermore, narrow angles were found in 14 men and 27 women above age 40, and so far untreated. On the present background of highly effective surgical and YAG-laser iridectomy facilities in early PACG, local, other arctic and global prevention of blindness aspects are briefly discussed, with a special outlook to SE-Asia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Refractive errors and axial length among Alaskan Eskimos.

An epidemiological study of the prevalence of refractive errors was made of the Eskimo population of the Norton Sound and Bering Straits region of Alaska. It was possible to determine the subjective refraction in 83.7% of 1673 persons examined: 44.9% were emmetropic, 44.7% myopic and 10.4% hyperopic. Myopia was found more often in women (48.3%) than in men (41.3%), while emmetropia was found more often in men (49.3%) than in women (40.3%). Nine,four percent of the men were hyperopic and 11.4% of the women. The prevalence of myopia increased with age, with a maximum of 67.2% in the age group between 30 and 40 years. Subsequently, the number of myopes decreased rapidly. Little hyperopia was seen before the age of 50 years, it then increased rapidly, up to 71.5% for persons above the age of 80 years. Emmetropia, on the other hand, decreased with age. Ultrasound examination showed that an increasing axial length was associated with more myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The structure of the Polar Eskimo genealogy.

The structure of the genealogy of the Polar Eskimos from the Thule District of North Greenland is studied by a variety of computational and graphical means, some of them novel. It is shown that although the level of inbreeding in the population is low, the genealogy is intricately connected, as if conforming to the requirement that spouses are as unrelated as is possible in a small population.

Greenland↗
PubMed1993

Phonetic and phonological features of approximants in Athabaskan and Eskimo.

The Athabaskan and Eskimo approximants, particularly [j], [w], and [symbol: see text], behave phonologically like obstruents. In both language families, [j], which alternates with a sibilant, is phonologically [+coronal], although its coronality has been questioned on phonetic grounds. These approximants best illustrate Sapir's [1925] notion of 'a true point in pattern' which must be defined 'over and above its natural [phonetic] classification on organic and acoustic grounds'. The fact that approximants are classified phonologically as sonorants or obstruents in different languages is incompatible with the universality of distinctive features and their phonetic properties. This problem is resolved by placing a phonological boundary for [+/-sonorant] somewhat differently in the continuum of the sonority hierarchy, depending on how approximants behave in individual languages.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Isoniazid prophylaxis among Alaskan Eskimos: a final report of the bethel isoniazid studies.

As a result of numerous trials, isoniazid prophylaxis was shown to be effective in preventing tuberculosis in many different populations and under a variety of conditions. However, the duration of the protective effect has been of some concern. In a previous report, the protective effect of isoniazid prophylaxis among Alaskan Eskimos was shown to persist through the fifteenth year after its administration. In this final report, the protective effect is shown to persist for more than 19 years. The magnitude of the effect is related to the amount of isoniazid taken. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that the decrease in risk of tuberculosis produced by isoniazid preventive therapy is lifelong.

Alaska↗
PubMed1994

Grief and loss among Eskimos attempting suicide in western Alaska.

Data were collected prospectively from psychiatric evaluations performed on 53 consecutive Eskimos in the Bering Strait region who attempted suicide. Depressive diagnoses were common (N = 49). Thirty-seven (70%) of the attempts were preceded by a recent interpersonal loss. Sixty percent of the patients had lost a parent during childhood. Poor affective relatedness, especially around issues of loss, was noted in most of the patients. Thus, both multiple losses and limited grieving mechanisms may be important risk factors for attempted suicide in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Mental disorders of Eskimos seen at a community mental health center in western Alaska.

The charts of 343 Eskimos seen at a community mental health center in northwestern Alaska were reviewed, and data on demographic characteristics, DSM-III-R diagnoses, and history of suicide attempts were collected. Substance use disorders were the most common group of mental disorders. Substance use patterns differed substantially according to age and gender. Both children and adults had high rates of attempted suicide (66 percent and 67 percent). Rates of bipolar disorder and eating disorders were substantially lower than those seen in mental health clinics serving the general U.S. population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Otitis media in the first year of life in two Eskimo communities.

Severe otitis media of early onset is particularly prevalent among Eskimo infants. An investigation of health records of all infants born in 1984 and served by two health facilities was undertaken to assess the relative significance of three particular variables associated with this problem: 1) sex versus age, 2) sex versus severity, and 3) sex versus other health conditions. Ninety-five percent of the children in one locale and 74.4% in the other had at least one episode during the first year of life. While none of the comparisons were statistically significant, infants at the northernmost community were generally more severely affected; females in each community were found to have 1) fewer and less severe episodes of disease, 2) the first episode at a later age, 3) fewer episodes during the year, and 4) fewer episodes of bilateral disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of an infrabony pocket in an American Eskimo dog.

This case report describes the use synthetic bone graft particulate and 24% EDTA gel to treat an infrabony defect adjacent to the mandibular right first molar tooth in an American Eskimo dog. Postoperative examination 33-months following surgery showed osseous integration at the infrabony defect and restoration of the periodontal ligament space with a small refractory periodontal pocket.

Alveoloplasty↗
PubMed1977

Chronic otitis media and hearing loss in the Eskimo population of Canada.

Chronic otitis media and hearing loss is a major health problem today in the Canadian Eskimo. The subject is reviewed and the findings of projects and a survey that have been carried out recently are discussed. A modality of treatment is proposed which is based upon the findings of the projects, the survey and other information that is available at the present time.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Mercury in Alaskan Eskimo mothers and infants.

The potential danger of natural mercury accumulation in the diet of the Eskimo is evaluated through mercury levels determined in cord blood, placenta, maternal blood, hair, and milk of 38 maternal-infant pairs from Anchorage and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Although mercury levels are not discernably dangerous, trends to larger accumulations in maternal and fetal RBC and placental tissue with proximity to the sea and consumption of seals during pregnancy provide the basis for considering possible indicators of neonatal involvement. Mercury level in RBC from cord blood appeared as the best potential indicator of this involvement, although relationships with the mother's diet and level of mercury in the placenta also appear useful. In this area, average and maximal mercury levels in cord blood are 39 and 78 ng/ml, respectively, far below the acknowledged toxic level in infants of these mothers who eat seals or fish every day during their pregnancy.

Alaska↗
PubMed1982

The depth of the lingual fossa in permanent maxillary incisors of East Greenland Eskimos. I. Statistical distribution and fluctuating dental asymmetry.

Maxillary incisor lingual fossa depth was measured in East Greenland Eskimos. It was shown that the statistical distribution for the trait may vary from population to population, from tooth type to tooth type and between the sexes. Examination of statistical distribution should be a part of studies giving detailed statistical analysis of trait. The statistical distribution is probably compatible with a hypothesis of polygenic inheritance. The correlations across the midline were higher for I1 than for I2, and I1 to I2 correlations were lower than across midline correlations for both I1 and I2. It was shown that the degree of fluctuating asymmetry may vary from one dental trait to another. For lingual fossa depth no population variation in fluctuating asymmetry could be demonstrated, in spite of obvious differences in environmental conditions for the populations compared. No sex differences in fluctuating asymmetry were found.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study of the prevalence of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infection in a Canadian Inuit (Eskimo) community.

The prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) was determined, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, in a cross-sectional serologic survey of an isolated northern Canadian Inuit (Eskimo) community. The population studied included 155 Inuit and 11 Caucasian residents. By 6 years of age, 80% of the Inuit population were seropositive for CMV and 100% for herpes simplex virus. While only 7/63 Inuit greater than 20 years were seronegative for CMV, 5/11 Caucasian residents were seronegative (p = 0.01). For the Inuit population, no association between seropositivity for CMV and seropositivity for hepatitis A or hepatitis B was observed. This prevalence survey shows a serologic profile for infection with CMV and HSV in this northern Inuit community with an early age of acquisition and high prevalence of infection characteristic of socioeconomically deprived populations throughout the world, and is distinct from that observed in many other North American populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A successful diabetes prevention study in Eskimos: the Alaska Siberia project.

OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of a simple intervention method to reduce risk factors for type 2 diabetes (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Alaskan Eskimos. STUDY DESIGN: The study consisted of 1) a comprehensive screening for risk factors of 454 individuals in 4 villages, 2) a 4-year intervention and 3) a repetition of the screening in year 5 to test the efficacy of the intervention. METHODS: Personal counseling (1hr/year) stressed the consumption of more traditional foods high in omega-3 fatty acids and less of certain specific store-bought foods high in palmitic acid, which was identified as being associated with glucose intolerance. RESULTS: The intervention resulted in significant reductions in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (p = 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.0001), fasting glucose (p = 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0007) and improved glucose tolerance (p = 0.0006). This occurred without loss of body weight. Sixty percent of the participants had improved glucose tolerance; only one of the 44 originally identified with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) developed DM during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Dramatic improvements of risk factors for DM and CVD were achieved in the intervention by primarily stressing the need for changes in the consumption of specific fats. The results suggest that fat consumption is an important risk factor for DM.

Adult↗