Physician attitudes toward early cancer detection.
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Gynecologic cancer screening examination is not accepted on a large scale. The reasons for this have been discussed by means of an example of a progressive vulvar cancer. Women should be urgently referred to self examination.
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Because of concerns about increasing anxiety in a population that is at relatively low risk for developing cancer, some investigators have recommended that training in testicular self-examination (TSE) not be provided to adolescent males. However, empirical findings documenting a link between training in cancer detection and increased anxiety in adolescent males are lacking. In this preliminary study, we assessed whether training in TSE was actually associated with elevated state anxiety in two samples of adolescent males (29 ninth graders and 30 college underclassmen). For both groups, anxiety scores were well within normal limits at postassessment, indicating that a purported cost of the procedure may in fact not exist.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death for women in the United States. In 1998, there were approximately 600,000 new cases of cancer and 270,000 cancer deaths in U.S. women. Many of these cancer deaths are preventable. In 1987, lung cancer replaced breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. females. Cancer of the lung and bronchus was responsible for 25% of cancer deaths in U.S. women last year, killing approximately 67,000 women. It has been estimated that almost 90% of lung cancer deaths are associated with cigarette smoking and, therefore, are preventable. Some approaches to smoking cessation are reviewed. Breast cancer was responsible for 30% of cancers (178,700 women) and 16% of cancer deaths (43,500 women). Strategies for early detection and, possibly, for prevention are reviewed. The third most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer deaths in U.S. women is colorectal cancer. Strategies for prevention and early detection are addressed. Cancer of the reproductive system affects approximately 80,000 U.S. women each year and results in approximately 27,000 deaths. Current screening capabilities, as well as some of the limitations of our current screening technologies, are addressed. The healthcare team, working in concert with our patients, government, and the health insurance industry, should be able to substantially reduce both the incidence of and mortality from cancer in women.
Mass health screening (MHS) for detecting early cancer of hepatobiliary diseases is not common. However, as high risk factors for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established in Japan, MHS for HCC is available, especially in high endemic areas of hepatitis C. Intrahepatic bile duct cancer often occur in patients with Thorotrastosis. Cohort study for detection of early cancer of intrahepatic bile duct has been conducting by the Japanese Government. Early detection of bile duct cancer in health screening is very rare. It will be helpful for perform MHS to clarify the high risk factors for bile duct cancers.
A recent meeting jointly sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) brought together researchers active in nanotechnology and cancer molecular biology to discuss and evaluate the interface between disciplines. Emerging areas where nanotechnologies may impact cancer prevention and early cancer detection were elaborated by key researchers who catalyzed interdisciplinary dialogue aimed at fostering cross-discipline communications and future collaboration.