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PubMed2004

Electrocoagulation: an alternative palliative treatment for rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: We present our experience with palliative transanal electrocoagulation therapy (TEC) for rectal cancer. METHODS: Eight patients with biopsy-proven localised low rectal adenocarcinoma were treated with palliative TEC. Inclusion criteria were: high risk patients with anal adenocarcinoma less than 3 cm in diameter, localised less than 7 cm from the anal verge, limited to the rectal wall. Under local anaesthesia all patients underwent TEC using the traditional cautery. RESULTS: No mortality and morbidity was found. Four patients required a second procedure and one patient had a third session . Two patients died within 2 years from distal metastasis. The remaining six patients are alive and free of local recurrence (follow-up 9 months to 4 years). CONCLUSIONS: In poor surgical candidates, palliative TEC of rectal adenocarcinoma may have a role as an alternative to radical surgical treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Incidence of pain among women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization by electrocoagulation, the spring-loaded clip, and the tubal ring.

Data analyzed from five comparative studies show a relationship between the technique of tubal occlusion and pain experienced by patients both at the time of the procedure and during the recovery period. During the procedure, the spring-loaded clip is the technique least likely and the tubal ring the technique most likely to be associated with pain. During the recovery period, both the spring-loaded clip and the tubal ring are associated with higher rates of abdominal or pelvic pain than is electrocoagulation. Differences in pain that occurred during the recovery period did not persist to the early follow-up visit.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1989

The percutaneous electrocoagulation vasectomy technique--a comparative trial with the standard incision technique at Marie Stopes House, London.

One-hundred-and-one men requesting vasectomy in 1985 for the purpose of limiting family size were admitted to a study of standard incision and monopolar diathermy, and a new percutaneous electrocoagulation vasectomy procedure. Semen specimens were tested at 10 and 12 weeks after surgery. Men were telephoned at 2, 12 and 24 weeks post-surgery to elicit complications and complaints. Half of the men having the standard incision procedure and about one-third of the men undergoing the percutaneous procedure complained of discomfort during the surgery. At the two-week telephone contact, 23% of those having the standard incision and 66% of those having the percutaneous procedure reported complications. There were few complications or complaints reported at the long-term follow-up contacts with either method; although twice as many men in the percutaneous group were not declared sterile by the end of the study period. Failure rates were 2.0% for the standard incision procedure and 7.8% for the percutaneous approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Malignancy grading and prognosis from a biopsy only in cases of electrocoagulated squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, stages I and II.

Histologic malignancy grading and prognosis from a biopsy only was retrospectively investigated in 92 cases of stages I and II of cancer of the vulva treated with electrocoagulation. A scoring was made of several histologic variables. The score proved to be a better predictor of survival than any other single factor analysed, including clinical staging. Depth of invasion did not significantly influence survival, thus indicating improper use of "microinvasion", if defined only by depth of invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Three neuroleptanalgesia schedules for laparoscopic sterilization by electrocoagulation.

Women undergoing interval laparoscopic electrocoagulation sterilization were randomly assigned to one of three neuroleptanalgesia regimens. The 299 women received either morphine (10 mg)/droperidol (2.5 mg)/atropine (0.3 mg) or pethidine (100 mg)/droperidol (2.5 mg)/atropine (0.3 mg) or pethidine (100 mg)/droperidol (2.5 mg). A significantly higher proportion of anesthesia complications were recorded in the morphine group. The amount of pain experienced by the women was similar in the three groups, as were the rates of early follow-up complications and complaints. The neuroleptanalgesia regimen containing pethidine/droperidol/atropine appears to be the safest and most effective of the three considered here.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ectopic pregnancies due to contralateral fistulas after sterilization by electrocoagulation; case reports.

Three cases of post-sterilization tubal pregnancy are discussed. The sterilizations were performed by bipolar electrocoagulation. The location of the pregnancy was distal to the site of sterilization. There was no continuity between the segment containing the ectopic pregnancy and the uterus. Spermatozoa reached the site of fertilization via a tuboperitoneal fistula. The existence of the fistulas was confirmed by a methylene blue test. In two cases fistulas existed on the contralateral side to the ectopic pregnancy. In the third case, bilateral fistulas were found. So, on performing a salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy after sterilization failure, we have to be aware of contralateral fistulas. Also good understanding of the mechanism of extra-uterine pregnancy secondary to transperitoneal migration of spermatozoa is important when doing conservative tubal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Female sterilization failure after bipolar electrocoagulation: a 6 year retrospective study.

A 6 year retrospective study was conducted from January 1983 till December 1988. During this period there were 13,014 births, 1,776 registered spontaneous abortions and 200 tubal pregnancies. 1,437 sterilizations were performed in the same period via bipolar electrocoagulation. 11.5% of the ectopic pregnancies were in patients who had previously undergone a tubal sterilization. The failure ratio following bipolar coagulation was 1.18%, and all failures were extra-uterine pregnancies, with an average interval between sterilization and ectopic pregnancy of 28.8 months. This reflects the importance of previous sterilizations as an etiologic agent in ectopic gestations. We will discuss the possible etiological factors for our sterilization failures and how these failures can be avoided or minimized. Also diagnostic difficulties and management of an extra-uterine pregnancy (EUP) following sterilization will be presented.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1986

Differential effect of chemical lesion and electrocoagulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus on active avoidance responses.

The effect of lesions of the central amygdaloid nucleus on the acquisition of two way active avoidance responses was studied in Wistar male rats. Lesions were carried out by electrocoagulation or by local application of ibotenic acid, a neurotoxin that destroys neuronal cells without damaging fibres passing through the lesioned area. The results showed that both types of lesion lead to a deficit of active avoidance responses, but the impairment with respect to control group was significant only when the neurotoxin was applied. These results suggest that at least the neurons of the central amygdaloid nucleus could play some role for the organization of active avoidance behaviour.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1991

Results of external beam irradiation for rectal carcinomas locally recurrent after local excision or electrocoagulation.

The outcome of 42 patients who developed locally recurrent rectal carcinoma after initial local excision or electrocoagulation was presented. Five patients received combined surgery and radiotherapy (XRT). The remaining 37 patients were managed by XRT alone. The overall 5 year actuarial survival and local control rates were 21 and 22%, respectively. For patients who received XRT alone, the 5 year actuarial survival and local control rates were 20 and 15%, respectively. The corresponding figures were 35 and 40% for patients who received a total XRT dose of 50 Gy or more. One patient who underwent combined treatment developed rectal and bladder incontinence requiring surgery. For patients with rectal recurrence after initial conservative surgery, XRT is an alternative to abdominoperineal resection if major surgical resection is contraindicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy and satisfaction rate comparing endometrial ablation by rollerball electrocoagulation to uterine balloon thermal ablation in a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two methods of endometrial ablation, hysteroscopic rollerball electrocoagulation (RBE) and non-hysteroscopic uterine balloon thermal ablation (Thermachoice trade mark ), regarding efficacy for reducing dysfunctional uterine bleeding and patients satisfaction rate. METHODS: A randomised controlled study was performed in a teaching hospital at the department of gynaecology. One hundred and thirty-seven premenopausal women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding proved by validated menstrual score list were included. Endometrial ablation by a hysteroscopic or non-hysteroscopic method was performed by one gynaecologist. RESULTS: Reduction of menstrual blood loss was significantly more successful at 24 months for thermal ablation with uterine balloon. Success rate measured by menstrual score < 185 for rollerball and thermal balloon ablation are equivalent at 12 and 24 months post-operatively. Satisfaction of the patients for both methods at 24 months post-operatively is not significantly different (respective 75% for rollerball and 80% for uterine balloon). CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial ablation by uterine balloon thermal ablation (Thermachoice trade mark ) is equally effective as hysteroscopic RBE of the endometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Decolorization of dye solution containing Acid Red 14 by electrocoagulation with a comparative investigation of different electrode connections.

This study was performed to investigate the variables that influence the efficiency of decolorization of a solution containing an azo dye (Acid Red 14) by electrocoagulation (EC) in order to compare the efficiency of different electrode connections for color removal. Current density, time of electrolysis, interelectrode distance, and pH of the solution were the variables that most influenced color removal. Initially, a simple electrochemical cell was prepared with an anode and a cathode. Then the effect of each variable was studied separately using synthetic wastewater in a batch mode. The efficiency of the method tested was determined by measurement of color removal and reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). For dye solutions with COD of approximately 30 ppm and dye concentrations less than 150 ppm, high color removal (93%) was obtained when the pH ranged from 6 to 9, time of electrolysis was approximately 4 min, current density was approximately 80 A/m2, the temperature was approximately 300 K, and interelectrode distance was 1 cm. During the EC process under these conditions, the COD decreased by more than 85%. In the second series of experiment, the efficiency of EC cells with monopolar electrodes in series and parallel connections and an EC cell with bipolar electrodes were compared with results using a simple electrochemical cell. The experimental results showed that an EC cell with several electrodes was more effective than a simple electrochemical cell in color removal. The results also showed that an EC cell with monopolar electrodes had a higher color removal efficiency than an EC cell with bipolar electrodes. Furthermore, within an EC cell, the series connection of the monopolar electrodes was more effective for the treatment process than the parallel connection in color removal.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of electroplating wastewater containing Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cr(VI) by electrocoagulation.

The performance of electrocoagulation, with aluminium sacrificial anode, in the treatment of metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cr(VI)) containing wastewater, has been investigated. Several working parameters, such as pH, current density and metal ion concentrations were studied in an attempt to achieve a higher removal capacity. Results obtained with synthetic wastewater revealed that the most effective removal capacities of studied metals could be achieved when the pH was kept between 4 and 8. In addition, the increase of current density, in the range 0.8-4.8 A dm(-2), enhanced the treatment rate without affecting the charge loading, required to reduce metal ion concentrations under the admissible legal levels. The removal rates of copper and zinc were found to be five times quicker than chromium because of a difference in the removal mechanisms. The process was successfully applied to the treatment of an electroplating wastewater where an effective reduction of (Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cr(VI)) concentrations under legal limits was obtained, just after 20 min. The electrode and electricity consumptions were found to be 1 g l(-1) and 32 A h l(-1), respectively. The method was found to be highly efficient and relatively fast compared to conventional existing techniques.

Chromium↗
PubMed2005

Electrocoagulation of methylene blue and eosin yellowish using mild steel electrodes.

The paper presents the study of electrocoagulation (EC) of aqueous dye solutions of two different industrial dyes in a batch stirred cell. Experiments were carried out with 200 mg/l individual concentration of methylene blue (MB) and eosin yellowish (EY) in presence of NaCl as electrolyte. Effect of operating time and current density on the decolorization of dye solutions, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and variation in conductivity, pH during treatment has been studied. Small difference between color diminution and COD reduction has been found with the progress of treatment. First-order rate equation for dye removal has been developed from the experimental results. Sludge formation during EC and problems associated with this solid waste generation and disposal has been assessed. Energy consumption in KWh/m(3) with reduction of COD (kg) during treatment has been reported. Electric power consumption of 1.5 KWh reduces 0.21 and 0.11 kg COD from 0.24 and 0.14 kg of initial COD for MB and EY, respectively, starting from 200 mg/l dye concentration.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed2005

Anaerobic stabilisation of sludge produced during municipal wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation.

Anaerobic digestion of sludge from small electrocoagulation wastewater treatment plant (SEWWTP) is described. The sludge for digestion (SEWWTP sludge) was taken from pilot-scale SEWWTP with the capacity of about 200-population equivalent (25 m3 of municipal wastewater per day). Due to the technology of wastewater treatment, the characteristics of SEWWTP sludge was different from sludge produced in conventional mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, experiments were focused on possibilities of anaerobic sludge digestion and determination of conditions and parameters (amount and quality of the sludge, biogas production, etc.). Average COD removal efficiency in the pilot-scale SEWWTP exceeded 80%. Organic content of excess sludge (volatile suspended solids (VSS)) was in the range of 52.1-59.2% (these values are much lower compared to VSS content in raw sludge from conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant, where VSS is about 75%). Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of SEWWTP sludge was approximately three times lower compared to standard production in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant. Low pH (6.5-6.7), high concentration of iron (up to 1400 mg/L) and aluminium (up to 1300 mg/L) and very low (almost zero) concentration of dissolved phosphorus in sludge water were the main factors limiting the rate of anaerobic processes. Based on these results, anaerobic digestion of SEWWTP sludge was not recommended as an appropriate stabilisation method.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of treatment potential of electrocoagulation of distillery effluent with and without activated Areca catechu nut carbon.

Physico-chemical characteristics of distillery effluent samples have been determined. The water quality parameters (WQPs) measured are colour, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, total hardness (THA), calcium, iron, bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Almost all the values of WQPs of the distillery effluents have been found to be very high and well above the permissible limit suggested by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Electrocoagulation (EC) technique is employed to treat the distillery effluents. Removal efficiency of WQPs is compared by adopting EC technique with and without the addition of indigenously prepared activated areca nut [botanical name: Areca catechu; kotta pakku, in (vernacular)] carbon (AAC). About 99% of turbidity has been removed in both the cases. The experimental results also revealed that the WQPs like EC, TDS, etc. of the effluents could be reduced. Loss of weight of sacrificial electrode (anode) is also ascertained. EC with AAC is found to be more effective than EC without AAC.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the endocrinologic and clinical outcome after laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery because of polycystic reaction to ovarian stimulation in anovulatory infertility patients. DESIGN: Between 1986 and 1989, 133 patients with polycystic ovarian disease underwent laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface in an outpatient clinic after conventional ovarian stimulation had led to polycystic reaction. SETTING: All patients were referred to our outpatient clinic affiliated with the university hospital. RESULTS: The reduction of androgen levels and normalization of cycle length were highly significant. The overall pregnancy rate was 70% (73 of 104), ranging from 27% in smokers to 94% in nonsmoking couples. In 26 second-look operations de novo adhesions were found in 26.9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic coagulation of the ovarian surface is an effective tool to reduce elevated androgen levels and to improve the intraovarian mechanism of selecting a dominant follicle. A postoperative complication may be adhesion formation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Randomized trial of argon plasma coagulation vs. multipolar electrocoagulation for ablation of Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ablation of Barrett's esophagus has been described in which various thermocoagulation modalities are used in combination with a high dose of a proton pump inhibitor. No randomized comparison of ablation strategies has been published. METHODS: Referred patients were screened to identify those with Barrett's esophagus 2 to 7 cm in length, without high-grade dysplasia or cancer. Included patients received pantoprazole (40 mg twice a day), followed by randomization to treatment with argon plasma coagulation (APC) or multipolar electrocoagulation (MPEC). The primary outcome measure was the number of treatment sessions required for endoscopic ablation. RESULTS: Of 235 patients screened, 52 were randomized. The mean length of Barrett's esophagus was 3.1 cm in the MPEC group vs. 4.0 cm in the APC group (p = 0.03). Otherwise, the treatment groups were similar with regard to baseline characteristics. The mean number of treatment sessions required for endoscopic ablation was 2.9 for MPEC vs. 3.8 for APC (p = 0.04) in an intention-to-treat analysis (p = 0.249, after adjustment for the difference in length of Barrett's esophagus). The proportion of patients in which ablation was endoscopically achieved proximal to the gastroesophageal junction was 88% for the MPEC group vs. 81% for the APC group (p = 0.68) and histologically achieved in 81% for MPEC vs. 65% for APC (p = 0.21). The mean time required for the first treatment session was 6 minutes with MPEC vs. 10 minutes with APC (p = 0.01) in per protocol analysis. There was no serious adverse event, but transient moderate to severe upper-GI symptoms occurred after MPEC in 8% vs. 13% after APC (p = 0.64). Conclusions Although there were no statistically significant differences, ablation of Barrett's esophagus with pantoprazole and MPEC required numerically fewer treatment sessions, and endoscopic and histologic ablation was achieved in a greater proportion of patients compared with treatment with pantoprazole and APC.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗