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PubMed1975

[Investigations on toxic fractions of swine erysipelas bacteria (erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae). 1. Communication: Toxicity investigation on a phenol water extract in chicken embryos (author's transl)].

The watersoluble fractions (WESTPHAL et al., 1952 a, b) of twelve Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains, which differed in virulence were tested for toxicity for ten day old chick-embryos by the route of i.v. injection. The LD50-values ranged from 108 mug to 0.01 mug toxin dry weight/embryo. The different toxicity of these extracts for chick-embryos was compared with the virulence of the corresponding strains in swine: The extracts of four strains with high virulence were very toxic for chick-embryos (LD50:0,01 mug to 0.207 mug) The extracts of four non-virulent strains were low-, respectively non-toxic (LD50:10.95 mug to 108 mug) The extract of one virulent strain showed an intermediate degree of toxicity (LD50:2.8 mug) In tese nine strains there was a correlation between virulence for swine and the toxicity of the extracts for chick-embryos. But this relation could not be found for three other strains.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[The virulence of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains and their neuraminidase production (author's transl)].

We studied the virulence of 20 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains in albino mice and investigated the interdependence between virulence, growth rate, and neuraminidase production. The minimal number of germs, lethal to mice (LD100) varied among the strains between 10(1) and mor ethan 10(7) per animal. The course of the disease was also very different. Some strains killed the mice rapidly within 3 days. In other strains, however, even a very high number of bacteria caused death only 7 days after infection or later, in which cases the disease became manifest long in advance by ruffled fur and glutinous eyes. A significant correlation was found between the average neuraminidase production in different media and the virulence (p equal to 99%; Fig. 2). We found a less marked dependence between growth rate and virulence (Fig. 3). Neuraminidase activity and growth rate seem to influence virulence rather independently. This is concluded from the fact, that some virulent strains are characterized by quick growth and by producing either no neuraminidase or in small quantities only. On the other hand, neuraminidase production cannot be separated completely from growth rate. An induction of neuraminidas activity in vivo was not observed, even when the bacteria persisted in the mice over a long period of time. We therefore conclude that a short term enzyme induction is not probable.

Enzyme Induction↗

PubMed1975

[Studies of the toxic components of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. 2. Communication: Detailed characterization of an extracted endotoxin (author's transl)].

The endotoxins of different Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains were examined in various biological systems, since in earlier investigations (Leimbeck and Böhm, 1975) the lethal effect for 10 day old chick embryos had been found to be highly dependent upon the virulence of the strains. The lethal effect for mice and rats was found to be much less. The toxin of the strain T28 proved to be highly pyrogenic for rabbits and inducing acute shock-effects in swine SCHULZ et al. (1961) already suggested that a shock-like pathogenesis existed in the swine erysipelas infection. Furthermore the endotoxic nature was confirmed by the typical course of temperature after i.v. application of the toxin, the ability to cause the Sanarelli-Schwartzman-reaction (both in rabbits), the protection against toxicity by cortisones, and heat stability. An erysipelas antiserum did not neutralize the toxin. It was found to have low antigenic and apparantly no immunogenic properties and an allergic skin-reaction in experimentally infected swine could not be induced. The toxins of various strains were tested by the macrophagemigration-inhibition test. In respect to a preliminary classification the toxin could be identified as a complexed water-soluble and heat-stable glucoproteid with an estimated molecular weight of 31.700. The polysaccharides were found to be the presumable carriers of toxicity.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Infective endocarditis with perivalvular abscess in a patient with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia].

The bacterial species Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is found worldwide as a commensal or a pathogen in a variety of animals. One well-defined pattern of human infection is an uncommon bacteremic form, with or without cutaneous involvement, usually complicated by endocarditis. We report the case of a 38-year-old male butcher with E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia, native aortic valve endocarditis and perivalvular abscess. The patient was released after six weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone and aortic valve replacement because of severe regurgitation.

Abscess↗

PubMed1975

Electron microscopic studies on altered forms of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae obtained under the effect of novobiocin.

Altered and L-forms of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were obtained through in vitro and in vivo treatments with novobiocin. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on the changes taking place in the morphology and ultrastructure of strains showing a varying degree of resistance. When lower concentrations of the antibiotic were employed (15, 25, 200, 400 mcg) strongly elongated and threadlike forms were established manifesting characteristic changes in the cell wall and the inner structure. The use of high concentrations of novobiocin (1000 and 2000 mcg) incited the production of L-forms the morphology and ultrastructure of which are dealt with in detail.

Cell Wall↗

PubMed1975

Persistence and isolation of L cycle forms of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in experimental infection.

In experimental infection of rats induced with teh S-form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae the pathogen was found to persist for a long time (up to fifteen months according to the author's personal observations). Under the effect of the specific and unspecific defense of the animal's organism the causative agent suffered a number of morphologic changes. In the course of the first days of infection the R-form was isolated, and thirty days later up to the fifteenth month forms of the L cycle were recovered from the parenchymal organs, blood, and joints. An electron microscopic study was carried out on the structure of the isolated L-forms. The long-term persistence of the agent in its different morphologic forms may well account for the chronic course of the infection in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Some biological and physical chemical properties of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Fourteen strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, representing extremes of host-range and world distribution, were examined for: 1) protein composition as determined by electrophoresis and electrofocus patterns, 2) guanine-cytosine mole ratios of their respective deoxyribonucleic acids, and 3) carbohydrate fermentation patterns. No correlation is apparent between any particular physical-chemical property and virulence in mice. The role the bacterial fragments play in the pathogenesis of a rabbit model of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Immunological experimental arthritis in pigs. II. The level of complement in the pigs immunized with the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and virus of Aujeszky's disease.

The level of complement was studied in 3 groups of pigs. One group was immunized with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and two remaining groups with virus of Aujeszky's disease. The lowest titers, irrespective of the starting level were shown to exist in all the studied groups in the third week after the last dose of the virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae-induced septic arthritis in a calf.

A 14-week-old Holstein heifer with a 48-hour history of left tarsocrural joint effusion was referred for evaluation when lameness developed 24 hours after needle aspiration was attempted at the farm. Results of synovial fluid analysis were compatible with diagnosis of septic arthritis, and bacteriologic culture of the fluid yielded Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The calf responded to tarsocrural joint lavage and penicillin G administration.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Biochemical research on the neuraminidase of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae].

Purified neuraminidase preparation from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is studied biochemically. The main physicochemical characteristics of the enzyme are determined: molecular mass, isoelectric point, electrophoretic mobility, chemical nature, UV spectrum, substrate specificity, etc. The obtained data are compared to those for other bacterial neuraminidases.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗

PubMed1988

Valvular endocarditis associated with experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana).

Intravenous inoculation of a wild type isolate of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in opossums resulted in valvular endocarditis in all infected animals. Opossums were inoculated once a week for 3 weeks. Lesions became visible with cardiac ultrasound by week four post-inoculation. Opossums remained clinically normal throughout the experiment, and preinfection body weight was maintained. Other lesions of chronic erysipelas including skin necrosis and arthritis were not found in infected opossums.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of lambs with experimental Erysipelothrix polyarthritis].

Polyarthritis was induced in lambs via the i/v infection with 2 cm3 of 24-hour Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae broth culture, which led to distinctive morphologic and biochemical changes in the peripheral blood. The hemoglobin content, the erythrocyte count, and the hematocrit value dropped, while ESR rose with the development of the infection process. The white blood picture presented transient and slight drop of the leukocyte count followed by leukocytosis with shifting to the left, aneosinophilia, lympho- and monopenia in the acute stage, and well manifested eosinophilia in the chronic stage of the infection. The changes in the total protein and the protein fractions consisted in hypoproteinemia in the first days following infection, hypoalbuminemia during the entire period, and hyperproteinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia in the chronic stage. The changes in the blood electrolites consisted in the rise of Ca and K, the drop of Na, and transient changes in the level of P, tending toward a rise in the chronic stage. It was also established that the values of sialic acid were raised in the entire period of polyarthritis development, while those of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in the first seven-day period only.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

An experimental model of arteritis: periarteritis induced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in young rats.

The acute phase of the arteritis of the common iliac artery induced in young rats by the inoculation of viable Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was examined. Arteritis of the common iliac artery was observed within 4 days after inoculation in every rat that was inoculated with the live bacteria. Within 2 days after the inoculation, infiltration by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells was first detected in the periarterial tissue extending centripetally to the outer two-thirds of the media. Invasion by the bacteria always preceded cell infiltration. Immunofluorescence test by FITC-labeled peanut lectin demonstrated the desialated sites by the effect of neuraminidase produced by the bacteria in the arterial wall concomitantly with the invasion of the bacteria. Linear presentation of C3 along the external elastic lamina of that artery was also detected. The results showed that viable E. rhusiopathiae could induce arteritis of muscular arteries and that the neuraminidase produced by the bacteria might play a role in the progress of arterial inflammation. We consider that this model will contribute to clarifying the progression of the arteritis process, and to assessing the efficacy of antiinflammatory drugs to inhibit the arterial inflammation.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

[Investigations of the enzyme spectrum of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (author's transl)].

The enzyme spectrum of non proliferating cells of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was investigated by means of different low molecular synthetic substrates. Activities of aminopeptidases were found directed against compounds of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-tryptophane, and L-tyrosine, but not against compounds of l-cystine, L-glutaminic acid, L-histidine, L-hydroxyproline, and L-valine (Table 1). The pH optimum of the investigated aminopeptidases ranges from neutral to alkaline reaction (Table 2). Trypsin, chymotrypsin, or chymotrypsin-like proteases were not detected. E. rhusiopathiae possess esterase activity splitting esters of lower carboxylic acids, i. e. acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and caprylic acid, but no lipase activity. Under the provoked glycosidases only alpha- and beta-D-galactosidase and glucosaminidase were positive. Weak activities of phosphatases and arylsulfatase were found also (Table 3).

Aminopeptidases↗

PubMed1983

[Effect of the pesticide carbaryl (sevin) on the course of experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in rats].

Rats treated with carbaril (sevin) at the rate of 2 to 5 mg were infected via the feed with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the course of 30 days. Studied were the clinical picture, some paraclinical indices, the mortality rate, and the morphologic and histopathologic changes in the parenchymal organs. It was found that rats that were given carbaril for a long time in minimum amounts and were then subjected to infection developed a characteristic clinical picture and showed a high mortality rate (nearly twice as high as that with the control animals). In hemocultures the causative agent was isolated over a longer period than in the case with the controls. Both the gross and the histopathologic findings were more strongly manifested in the test (carbaril-treated) rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Comparative studies on different methods in typing strains of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. I. Methods and influence of some factors on their results.

To contribute to the standardization of typing Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains the following points have been examined and compared: the usefulness of tube precipitation, paper chromatography and agar gel diffusion; different methods to produce good antisera (specific high titres) and antigens (CH3COOH-, HCl-extract, extraction by means of autoclavation). Rabbits have a considerably varying individual ability to produce Erysipelas antibodies with good precipitation titres. The antigenic effect of different E.rh.-strains and of dissociated forms is not equal. The density of bacteria suspension for extract production and for rabbit immunization has to be sufficient. The period of usability of extracts and antisera is different.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1983

[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis. A case report and review of the literature].

A case of acute aortic valve Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis is reported in a 48 year old fisherman with no history of initial erysipelar and requiring emergency aortic valve replacement 48 hours after starting antibiotic therapy with Ampicillin and Gentamicin. The outcome was favourable. In the light of 32 of the 40 previously published cases, the authors discuss the difficulty in identifying the causal organism, the main epidemiological features, the occupational association of these infections, the incidence of primary infections, the involvement of the aortic valve and the more serious nature of the disease compared to non-D streptococcal endocarditis, despite high sensitivity to Penicillin G.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1983

[Lipid composition of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and its L forms].

Studied was comparatively the lipid composition of two strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae--A826-S and A973-S as well as the stable L-forms obtained from it and a form reverted back to the initial phenotypic state. All investigated organisms showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-glycerol, cardiolipin, and small amounts of phosphatidylserine. Essential quantitative differences were found with cardiolipin which was about 25 per cent for the initial strains while its amount for the L-forms its amount reached 50 per cent and more. The reverted strain was shown to have a phospholipid profile close to that of the L-forms. Identified were 13 fatty acids with an even and odd number of carbon atoms as well as acids with double links. With both L-forms there was an increase in the amount of the lower fatty acids (up to C-15). A strong drop was observed of the palmitic acid (16:0). Discussed are the differences in the lipid composition of the L-forms with regard to their changed morphology and the capacity to survive without a cell wall.

Chromatography, Gas↗