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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis on a dairy farm.

Prevalences of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in relation to age and season were investigated on a dairy farm in The Netherlands over the course of 1year. The whole herd was sampled five times, whereas calves younger than about 2 months were sampled every 2-3 weeks. Associations between diarrhoea and presence of one or more pathogens (Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, rotavirus) were investigated. Potential transmission routes of Cryptosporidium spp. were evaluated and positive samples of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were identified to genotype level by PCR microsatellite identification and fingerprinting. Shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. was found in all age categories but peaked in calves 1-3 weeks old (39.1%). Herd prevalence of shedding for Cryptosporidium spp. varied from 2.4% in June to 22.2% in December. Shedding of G. duodenalis was found in all age categories but peaked in animals 4-5 months old (54.5%). Herd prevalence of shedding for G. duodenalis varied from 0.8% in June to 15.5% in February. Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus appeared to be significantly associated with diarrhoea in calves. Microsatellite analysis showed two different subtypes (C3 and C1) of Cryptosporidium parvum calf strains. Two genotypes of G. duodenalis were found, one positive by A lineage specific PCR and thus closely related to human genotypes and one genotype, which was negative by A and B lineage specific PCR. The results indicate that cow-to-calf and indirect calf-to-calf transmission both are important routes for acquiring infection with Cryptosporidium spp.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Molecular surface point environments for virtual screening and the elucidation of binding patterns (MOLPRINT 3D).

A novel method (MOLPRINT 3D) for virtual screening and the elucidation of ligand-receptor binding patterns is introduced that is based on environments of molecular surface points. The descriptor uses points relative to the molecular coordinates, thus it is translationally and rotationally invariant. Due to its local nature, conformational variations cause only minor changes in the descriptor. If surface point environments are combined with the Tanimoto coefficient and applied to virtual screening, they achieve retrieval rates comparable to that of two-dimensional (2D) fingerprints. The identification of active structures with minimal 2D similarity ("scaffold hopping") is facilitated. In combination with information-gain-based feature selection and a naive Bayesian classifier, information from multiple molecules can be combined and classification performance can be improved. Selected features are consistent with experimentally determined binding patterns. Examples are given for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, and thromboxane A2 antagonists.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2004

Proteomic analysis of hyperdynamic mouse hearts with enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.

Depressed sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-cycling is a hallmark of human and experimental heart failure. Strategies to improve this impairment by either increasing SERCA2a levels or decreasing phospholamban (PLN) activity have been suggested as promising therapeutic targets. Indeed, ablation of PLN gene in mice was associated with greatly enhanced cardiac Ca-cycling and performance. Intriguingly, this hyperdynamic cardiac function was maintained throughout the lifetime of the mouse without observable pathological consequences. To determine the cellular alterations in the expression or modification of myocardial proteins, which are associated with the enhanced cardiac contractility, we performed a proteomics-based analysis of PLN knockout (PLN-KO) hearts in comparison to isogenic wild-types. By use of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), approximately 3300 distinct protein spots were detected in either wild-type or PLN-KO ventricles. Protein spots observed to be altered between PLN-KO and wild-type hearts were subjected to tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting for identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in combination with LC/MS/MS analysis. In addition, two-dimensional 32P-autoradiography was performed to analyze the phosphorylation profiles of PLN-KO cardiomyocytes. We identified alterations in the expression level of more than 100 ventricular proteins, along with changes in phosphorylation status of important regulatory proteins in the PLN-KO. These protein changes were observed mainly in two subcellular compartments: the cardiac contractile apparatus, and metabolism/energetics. Our findings suggest that numerous alterations in protein expression and phosphorylation state occurred upon ablation of PLN and that a complex functional relationship among proteins involved in calcium handling, myofibrils, and energy production may exist to coordinately maintain the hyperdynamic cardiac contractile performance of the PLN-KO mouse in the long term.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of palmprints by wavelet signatures via directional context modeling.

The palmprint is one of the most reliable physiological characteristics that can be used to distinguish between individuals. Current palmprint-based systems are more user friendly, more cost effective, and require fewer data signatures than traditional fingerprint-based identification systems. The principal lines and wrinkles captured in a low-resolution palmprint image provide more than enough information to uniquely identify an individual. This paper presents a palmprint identification scheme that characterizes a palmprint using a set of statistical signatures. The palmprint is first transformed into the wavelet domain, and the directional context of each wavelet subband is defined and computed in order to collect the predominant coefficients of its principal lines and wrinkles. A set of statistical signatures, which includes gravity center, density, spatial dispersivity and energy, is then defined to characterize the palmprint with the selected directional context values. A classification and identification scheme based on these signatures is subsequently developed. This scheme exploits the features of principal lines and prominent wrinkles sufficiently and achieves satisfactory results. Compared with the line-segments-matching or interesting-points-matching based palmprint verification schemes, the proposed scheme uses a much smaller amount of data signatures. It also provides a convenient classification strategy and more accurate identification.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Forensic analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography.

The application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) for the forensic analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris is reported. GC x GC is a high resolution, multidimensional gas chromatographic method in which each component of a complex mixture is subjected to two independent chromatographic separations. The high resolving power of GC x GC can separate hundreds of chemical components from a complex fire debris extract. The GC x GC chromatogram is a multicolor plot of two-dimensional retention time and detector signal intensity that is well suited for rapid identification and fingerprinting of ignitable liquids. GC x GC chromatograms were used to identify and classify ignitable liquids, detect minor differences between similar ignitable liquids, track the chemical changes associated with weathering, characterize the chemical composition of fire debris pyrolysates, and detect weathered ignitable liquids against a background of fire debris pyrolysates.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genome polymorphism in dissociative variants of Bacillus subtilis (mesentericus) 76. Identification of dissociants using genome fingerprinting].

DNA fingerprinting procedure with M13 repeat probe as we have shown earlier makes it possible to apply a new approach in theoretical and applied fields of microbiology and bacteriology. In this work, using the method described we have revealed genomic polymorphism of dissociative variants of Bac. subtilis (mesentericus) 76. The data obtained may be referred as strong evidence that bacterial dissociation do has genetic nature.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative and qualitative ST segment monitoring during and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Patients who undergo elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) provide a unique human model, with fully defined coronary anatomy and known sites and periods of coronary occlusion. High-resolution, quantitative ST segment monitoring during PTCA procedures allows characterization of the first moments of coronary occlusion, as well as the effect of interventions intended to reduce ischemia during occlusion. Data from more than 1,000 coronary occlusions are reviewed in this presentation. Intracoronary interventions during acute myocardial infarction (MI) and elective PTCA create a potentially unstable coronary nidus through their therapeutic effect. Angiographic evidence of the anatomic appearance remains the "gold standard" for real-time assessment of success although angiography has limited ability to identify the 2-4% of patients who suffer morbidity or mortality in the coronary care unit (CCU) after an apparently successful intervention. Standard CCU monitoring of patient symptoms and rhythms underestimates transient ischemic activity in 87% of patients who experience ischemia after interventions. The capabilities of real-time multilead ST segment monitoring are reviewed from 8,331 hours of monitoring in 338 patients after intracoronary interventions. The documentation of persistent ischemia after angiographically successful PTCA and the clinical potential of qualitative patient-specific, coronary site-specific, precordial "fingerprinting" for identification of high-risk patients before or in the absence of anginal symptoms are discussed.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype AD.

Seventy-three Cryptococcus neoformans isolates and eight other yeast strains were studied. Fingerprints produced by priming with (GACA)4 differentiated C. neoformans from all other yeasts tested and identified the five C. neoformans serotypes. Four major bands of molecular size 800, 540, 475 and 410 bp were recognized for serotypes A, AD and D. Two of them were specific for serotype A and the other two for serotype D isolates. Serotype AD strains were identified by five different genotypic patterns in which at least one of the two bands specific for serotype A and D were present in different combinations. On repeated and simultaneously performed genotype and serotype testing of nine strains, the genotypic pattern did not change, whereas serotyping was unstable in three cases. PCR-fingerprinting using (GACA)4 as a primer proved more stable than serology in discriminating among C. neoformans serotypes A, D and AD and was able to distinguish among serotype AD strains.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Using fingerprint image quality to improve the identification performance of the U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology Program.

Motivated by the difficulty of biometric systems to correctly match fingerprints with poor image quality, we formulate and solve a game-theoretic formulation of the identification problem in two settings: U.S. visa applicants are checked against a list of visa holders to detect visa fraud, and visitors entering the U.S. are checked against a watchlist of criminals and suspected terrorists. For three types of biometric strategies, we solve the game in which the U.S. Government chooses the strategy's optimal parameter values to maximize the detection probability subject to a constraint on the mean biometric processing time per legal visitor, and then the terrorist chooses the image quality to minimize the detection probability. At current inspector staffing levels at ports of entry, our model predicts that a quality-dependent two-finger strategy achieves a detection probability of 0.733, compared to 0.526 under the quality-independent two-finger strategy that is currently implemented at the U.S. border. Increasing the staffing level of inspectors offers only minor increases in the detection probability for these two strategies. Using more than two fingers to match visitors with poor image quality allows a detection probability of 0.949 under current staffing levels, but may require major changes to the current U.S. biometric program. The detection probabilities during visa application are approximately 11-22% smaller than at ports of entry for all three strategies, but the same qualitative conclusions hold.

Biometry↗
PubMed1996

Identification of proteins of the yeast protein map using genetically manipulated strains and peptide-mass fingerprinting.

In this study we used genetically manipulated strains in order to identify polypeptide spots of the protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty-two novel polypeptide spots were identified using this strategy. They corresponded to the product of 23 different genes. We also explored the possibilities of using peptide-mass fingerprinting for the identification of proteins separated on our gels. According to this strategy, proteins contained in spots are digested with trypsin and the masses of generated peptides are determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The peptide masses are then used to search a yeast protein database for proteins that match the experimental data. Application of this strategy to previously identified polypeptide spots gave evidence of the feasibility of this approach. We also report predictions on the identities of nine unknown spots using MALDI-MS.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
PubMed1993

Identification of inbred rat strains by using DNA fingerprinting method.

DNA fingerprinting method was applied to identify inbred strains of laboratory rats. By Southern blot hybridization with core sequence of minisatellite DNA as a probe, typical hypervariable patterns of DNA fingerprint were obtained in inbred rat strains. The patterns were completely different among 15 rat strains examined, and the patterns of the DNA fingerprint of samples obtained from the same strain were completely identical. The patterns of the DNA fingerprint of two substrains derived from the same strain were identical, indicating relative stability of the patterns over a large number of generations. Therefore, we concluded that the DNA fingerprinting method was useful for the identification of inbred strains in genetic monitoring of laboratory rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Pyridinium-based ionic liquid matrices can improve the identification of proteins by peptide mass-fingerprint analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for identification of proteins by peptide mass-fingerprint analysis. Selection of the matrix, addition of matrix additives, and sample-preparation techniques are known to affect the quality of the spectra and hence protein identification. We investigated the effect of pyridine as matrix additive for the commonly used crystalline matrix alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CCA), forming a pyridinium based ionic liquid matrix, on the mass spectra of synthetic peptides and tryptic protein digests. Beside the equimolar mixture of CCA and pyridine, the effect of addition of substoichiometric amounts of the base to the acid was tested. Optimum results in terms of signal-to-noise ratios, reduction of chemical noise, and reduced formation of alkali adducts and matrix clusters were observed for the matrix CCA-pyridine in the molar ratio 2:1. The optimized ionic liquid matrix was used for identification of tryptic digests of six model proteins and for identification of a protein extracted from a two-dimensional gel with the proteome of the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, and shown to facilitate protein identification, yielding higher scores and increased sequence coverage compared with pure CCA. Thus CCA-Py 2:1 is a potential alternative for identification and characterization of proteins by peptide mass-fingerprint analysis.

Corynebacterium glutamicum↗
PubMed1993

Oligonucleotide probes in infectious bronchitis virus diagnosis and strain identification.

Genomic RNA fingerprints of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains M41 and Conn46 were prepared to identify T1 RNase-resistant oligonucleotides 'unique' to each of the two IBV strains. Such oligonucleotides were subsequently eluted from the gels and their nucleotide sequences determined. When oligonucleotide probes of those sequences were synthesized and used in a dot-blot hybridization assay, the probes lacked IBV strain-specificity and reacted with the RNAs of homologous as well as heterologous IBV strains. Based on these results, the methods used in this study need to be applied to a large number of oligonucleotide probes, to find one or a few that might be suitable as IBV strain- or serotype-specific oligonucleotide probes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[DNA profiling for identification purposes].

DNA "fingerprinting" was described for the first time in 1985, and since then DNA profiling has been used increasingly to identify the origin of biological material, such as blood and semen stains. The method is also used in cases of disputed paternity and to help identify dead bodies. In this article we review the methods and their practical use, and discuss various aspects of quality and security.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1992

M13 DNA fingerprinting, a new tool for classification and identification of Lactobacillus spp.

The optimal conditions for the application of M13 DNA fingerprinting to the genus Lactobacillus were determined. Comparative fingerprint analysis of representative strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, Lact. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lact. helveticus and Lact. casei permitted the differentiation of species, subspecies and individual strains and the quantitative determination of their genetic relatedness. The results confirm the high specificity of M13 DNA fingerprinting and indicate that it might be used in the classification of Lactobacillus spp.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed2006

Identification of Clostridium species and DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium perfringens by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.

An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was applied to 129 strains representing 24 different Clostridium species, with special emphasis on pathogenic clostridia of medical or veterinary interest, to assess the potential of AFLP for identification of clostridia. In addition, the ability of the same AFLP protocol to type clostridia at the strain level was assessed by focusing on Clostridium perfringens strains. All strains were typeable by AFLP, so the method seemed to overcome the problem of extracellular DNase production. AFLP differentiated all Clostridium species tested, except for Clostridium ramosum and Clostridium limosum, which clustered together with a 45% similarity level. Other Clostridium species were divided into species-specific clusters or occupied separate positions. Wide genetic diversity was observed among Clostridium botulinum strains, which were divided into seven species-specific clusters. The same AFLP protocol was also suitable for typing C. perfringens at the strain level. A total of 29 different AFLP types were identified for 37 strains of C. perfringens; strains initially originating from the same isolate showed identical fingerprinting patterns and were distinguished from unrelated strains. AFLP proved to be a highly reproducible, easy-to-perform, and relatively fast method which enables high throughput of samples and can serve in the generation of identification libraries. These results indicate that the AFLP method provides a promising tool for the identification and characterization of Clostridium species.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗