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PubMed2001

Functional residual capacity determines the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on intrapulmonary shunt and gas exchange in a piglet model of lung injury.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxemic respiratory failure in the newborn infant due to severe parenchymal lung disease is caused by large, intrapulmonary, right-to-left shunting. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to reduce shunting and improve oxygenation-however inconsistently-in a variety of neonatal lung diseases such as meconium aspiration pneumonitis, bacterial pneumonia, surfactant deficiency, and others. The aim of this study was to determine whether lung expansion, as determined by functional residual capacity (FRC), by means of increasing levels for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) would augment the effect of NO on reducing right-to-left shunting. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled, animal laboratory investigation. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: Newborn piglets (n = 8), anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. INTERVENTIONS: The piglets were made surfactant deficient by repeated airway lavage aiming at a Pao(2) of 45 mm Hg (6 kPa) while using an Fio(2) of.6. Two hours after lavage, different PEEP levels of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm H(2)O (.4,.6,.8, 1.0, and 1.2 kPa) were used in a random order, keeping tidal volumes strictly at 8 mL/kg. All measurements were made with or without NO at 10 ppm in a random order, thus each animal served as its own control. A nitrogen washout method was used to measure FRC and alveolar volume, in addition to tidal volume, and compliance and resistance of the respiratory system. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Improvement in oxygenation and reduction of right-to-left shunting was optimal while achieving FRC values comparable with those values before airway lavage (approximately 25 mL/kg) while using PEEP levels of 6 to 8 cm H(2)O (.6 to.8 kPa). Further lung expansion did not augment the NO effect. In addition, alveolar volume and compliance of the respiratory system were positively influenced by NO, resulting in a small, but significant, decrease in Paco(2). CONCLUSION: We conclude that improvement in oxygenation by the administration of inhaled NO can be optimized by achieving FRC values comparable with those of the undiseased lung before airway lavage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Measuring residual functional capacity in chronic low back pain patients based on the Dictionary of Occupational Titles.

STUDY DESIGN: This study designed and tested a functional battery based on the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). OBJECTIVES: Such a battery can be used to measure residual functional capacity (RFC) in chronic pain patients (CPP) and results can be matched against the demand minimum functional capacities (DMFC) of DOT jobs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Physicians have difficulty translating medical impairment into functional limitation and thereby establishing the RFC of CPPs. METHODS: The DOT, a USA government publication, provides information about physical demands of every USA job according to 36 factors and subfactors. The authors defined and developed a functional battery based on these factors/subfactors. This battery was tested on 67 consecutive CPPs to determine the percentage of CPPs able to pass specific job factors and the full battery and return to some DOT job, and evaluated the effects of pain on battery performance. The data were factor analyzed. RESULTS: The battery determined if CPPs could perform DOT job factors and had the necessary RFC to be placed in a DOT job. The vast majority of CPPs could not pass the full battery and the presence of pain and original job classification predicted whether a CPP could perform a job factor. Factor analyses grouped the factors into four independent categories supporting the design of the battery. CONCLUSION: The battery can assess whether CPPs are able to return to work.

Adult↗