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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Biological variation of blood acid-base status: consequences for analytical goal-setting and interpretation of results.

Analytical, intra-individual, and interindividual components of variation have been determined for pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, base excess, and total CO2 in capillary specimens of whole blood from a cohort of 14 healthy subjects. Calculated analytical goals (SD) are pH less than or equal to 0.008, pCO2 less than or equal to 0.9 mmHg, bicarbonate less than or equal to 0.5 mmol/L, base excess less than or equal to 0.5 mmol/L, and total CO2 less than or equal to 0.5 mmol/L. Because pH and base excess vary little between individuals, population-based reference values for them will be of utility in interpretation of results; pCO2, bicarbonate, and total CO2 show more marked variation between individuals, and reference values for them will be of more limited use. The generally applicable differences required for two results to be significantly different (P less than or equal to 0.05) when goals are met--which is currently feasible--are pH: 0.04, pCO2: 0.745 kPa (5.6 mmHg), bicarbonate: 2.6 mmol/L, base excess: 2.2 mmol/L, and total CO2: 2.7 mmol/L.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Setting goals for reductions in Canadian cesarean delivery rates: benchmarking medical practice patterns.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to present a structured method for determining achievable cesarean rate goals and specifying which hospitals should receive focused attention. STUDY DESIGN: Hospital level data from the largest 239 Canadian maternity units were analyzed for 1988-1989, when the number of Canadian cesarean deliveries peaked. Cesarean rate statistical limits within the largest, intermediate-sized, and smallest maternity unit classifications were successively set at the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles. RESULTS: The national impact resulting from using the 75th percentile rate as the assigned statistical cesarean rate limit was 2707 (50th 5568; 25th 11,018) fewer cesarean deliveries. CONCLUSION: Benchmarking provides a structured perspective on defining goals and on estimating how much change is required and at which hospitals.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2005

An evaluation of a brief HIV/AIDS prevention intervention for college students using normative feedback and goal setting.

This study evaluated the ability of a 20-minute self-administered intervention to increase HIV/AIDS risk reduction among sexually active college students. The intervention presented normative data on the relatively low prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among college students for the purpose of conveying the idea that risk reduction was the prevailing social norm among their same age peers. The intervention also invited students to select specific risk reduction goals to be implemented over a 30-day follow-up period. Participants (N = 155) were assigned in alternating order to receive either the intervention or a control condition that entailed reading a general AIDS information pamphlet. Results were partially moderated by gender. Compared with controls, men in the intervention group reported significantly higher condom use, whereas women in the intervention group reported significantly fewer sexual partners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A randomised controlled trial of different intensities of physiotherapy and different goal-setting procedures in 44 children with cerebral palsy.

Forty-four children aged 3 to 11 years with quadriplegic cerebral palsy were prospectively stratified and randomised into four treatment groups. The acquisition of motor skills was assessed in a 2 x 2 factorial design using the Gross Motor Function Measure. The two factors were conventional amounts of physiotherapy vs intensive amounts of physiotherapy, and the use of broad, generalised aims vs the use of specific measurable goals directed at motor skill acquisition. 82% of the children improved. Over the two-week period, intensive physiotherapy produced a slightly greater effect than conventional physiotherapy but the factor more strongly associated with increased motor skill acquisition was the use of specific measurable goals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dietary management in diabetes mellitus. A goal-setting process.

Diet is a cornerstone to the management of diabetes mellitus. A successful diet will provide the necessary elements for good nutrition, maintain near normal plasma glucose ranges, and be acceptable to the patient. Persons with diabetes have differing physiologic requirements and varying lifestyle needs; therefore, an individualized dietary management program should be designed for each patient. Teaching the person with diabetes about the dietary management protocol is an ongoing process that should include all members of the health care team. With an understanding and appreciation of the goals of the diabetic diet, the nurse can evaluate the management program and reinforce learning with an anticipation that adherence to the diet will enhance the health and quality of life of the diabetic patient.

Diabetes Mellitus↗