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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Vitamin K prophylaxis in less developed countries: policy issues and relevance to breastfeeding promotion.

Vitamin K prophylaxis prevents hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The present review estimates the potential magnitude of this problem in less developed countries, assessing the need for prophylaxis, along with its cost-effectiveness and feasibility. Late hemorrhagic disease, occurring between 2 and 12 weeks, often leads to death or permanent disability. Its median incidence in developed countries is 7 per 100,000 births. Incidences in less developed countries may be much higher. Three incidence scenarios are proposed and the corresponding losses of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) calculated. Under the intermediate scenario, late hemorrhagic disease accounts for 0.1% to 0.2% of DALYs lost to children less than 5 years of age. Assuming a cost of +1.00 per injection, each DALY saved would cost +133. Decisions on prophylaxis must be made on a national basis, considering mortality levels and causes, health budgets, and feasibility. Comparison with the impact of diseases prevented by breast-feeding shows that concern with hemorrhagic disease should not affect breast-feeding promotion efforts, although strategies for supplementing breast-fed infants must be explored.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2006

Intracranial hemorrhage due to late hemorrhagic disease in two siblings.

Deficiency of vitamin K predisposes to early, classic or late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN); late HDN may be associated with serious and life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. Late HDN is characterized by intracranial bleeding in infants aged 1 week to 6 months due to severe vitamin K deficiency, occurring particularly in exclusively breastfed infants. Late HDN is still an important cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries where vitamin K prophylaxis is not routinely practiced. In this study, we report on two siblings with intracranial bleeding who were fully breastfed without a routine supplementation of vitamin K. Vitamin K should be given to all newborns as a single, intramuscular dose of 1 mg.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1999

Vitamin K status of lactating mothers and their infants.

Vitamin K deficiency remains a world-wide problem in the newborn. Vitamin K traverses the placenta from mother to infant very poorly and is present only in very low concentrations in human milk. Thus, it is not surprising that the newborn infant has undetectable vitamin K serum levels with abnormal amounts of the coagulation proteins and undercarboxylated prothrombin. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, secondary to vitamin K deficiency, remains largely a disease of breastfed infants. Lactating mothers easily achieve the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin K (1 microg kg(-1) d(-1)) and the breast milk concentration is readily increased by increasing maternal vitamin K intake. Breastfed infants do not receive the recommended vitamin K intake via human milk. To prevent vitamin K deficiency in the newborn, intramuscular or oral vitamin K prophylaxis is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracerebral hemorrhage: a rare late manifestation of vitamin-K deficiency in a breastfed infant. A case report.

Late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a rare complication of vitamin-K deficiency and is especially associated with intracranial hemorrhage. It may also occur in infants who received vitamin-K prophylaxis at birth. Here, we reported a case of late HDN with frontal lobe hemorrhage due to vitamin-K deficiency. This form of intracranial hemorrhage of late HDN has been reported in the literature very rarely. We conclude that the efficiency of single-dose vitamin-K prophylaxis should be revaluated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Parietal pseudofracture and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage suggesting nonaccidental trauma: report of 2 cases.

Massive intracranial hemorrhage, no history of trauma and radiographic findings that were initially interpreted as linear parietal fractures raised the possibility of nonaccidental trauma in 2 infants. Both had severe coagulopathy, 1 due to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (vitamin K deficiency) and the other due to disseminated herpes simplex virus infection. Both infants died. At autopsy, the parietal bone abnormalities were not fractures, but proved to be an anomalous suture in 1 and a connective tissue fissure in the other.

Autopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency with fatal intracranial hemorrhage in a newborn.

A 4-week-old boy had a fatal intracranial hemorrhage resulting from vitamin K deficiency. The infant had received no vitamin K prophylaxis and was exclusively breastfed. At autopsy, examination of the liver showed cholestasis and fibrosis. DNA was isolated from a blood spot on a Gutherie sample card obtained from the infant for routine metabolic screening. This DNA was used for alpha1-antitrypsin genotyping studies. Genotyping studies identified homozygosity for the point mutation 9989G-->A, confirming a diagnosis of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (ZZ phenotype), and resulted in appropriate screening of siblings born after this child's death. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants with late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Use of blood from the metabolic screening card as a source of DNA allowed confirmation of this diagnosis after the infant's death.

Brain↗