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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Time course of increased plasma cytokines, cortisol, and urea nitrogen in pigs following intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide.

The emerging view is that reduced feed intake, lean muscle accretion, and growth in immunologically challenged pigs is the result of increased cytokine activity, but this has not been directly tested. To begin addressing this issue, 72 crossbred barrows and gilts (11.55 +/- .19 kg BW) were not fed for 12 h and then injected i.p. with 0, .5, or 5 micrograms/kg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Blood was collected by jugular puncture at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after injection. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), NEFA, and triglycerides were determined. Immunological stress was induced by LPS as indicated by increased secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and cortisol. In pigs receiving 5 micrograms/kg of LPS, plasma TNF-alpha was increased 10-fold at 2 h after injection and was still elevated (P < .01) at 4 h. In these same pigs, plasma concentration of IL-6 was increased at 2 h and peaked at 4 h with levels exceeding baseline values by 200-fold (P < .01). Cortisol was elevated at 2, 4, and 8 h after injection (P < .01). The increased secretion of cytokines and cortisol in pigs injected with 5 micrograms/kg of LPS was followed by an increase in protein degradation, as evidenced by PUN values that were increased two- and threefold at 8 and 12 h after injection, respectively. However, unlike previous reports in laboratory animal species, plasma glucose, NEFA, and triglycerides were not altered by LPS. Nonetheless, as the period of feed deprivation progressed from 12 to 36 h, plasma NEFA and triglycerides increased (P < .05) and plasma glucose tended to decrease. We believe that immunological challenge induces cytokine synthesis and secretion in swine which, in turn, may induce protein catabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical detection of GABA in rat striatum by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).

To study MPTP-induced muscular rigidity, we try to detect the changes of both dopamine (DA) and GABA within rat striatums by immunohistochemical means. A high dose (30 mg/kg) of MPTP i.p. injected into rats produces behavioral abnormalities (tremor and ataxia), and higher doses (greater than 60 mg/kg) develop an acutely muscular rigidity without producing a measurable histological change. GABA is induced in the striatum of 4 MPTP (30 mg/kg) i.p. treated-rats developed tremor and ataxia. But the animals recovered to an apparently normal state and are not showed GABA-immunoreactivity. Dense GABA-immunoreactivity is observed in the striatum developed muscular rigidity, when the animals are injected with 60 mg/kg MPTP i.p.. At this time, their striatums show slight decrease of DA-immunoreactivity in medium sized-spiny neurons. The results give some insight as to how DA and GABA function within the striatum with respect to the development of neuronal abnormalities. It is also suggested by our behavioral and immunohistochemical studies that effects induced by the depletion of DA within the striatum may be mediated through the inhibition of the striato-nigral GABAergic pathway, which in turn may lead to an activation of the nigrothalamic or nigro-collicular GABAergic pathway. This study indicates that the role of striatal GABAergic transmission is important in the development of muscular rigidity. The activity within the striatum can be followed with immunohistochemical technique for GABA morphologically.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed2000

Clinical and biological effects of intraperitoneal injections of recombinant interferon-gamma and recombinant interleukin 2 with or without tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma.

To identify strategies that enhance tumor-specific immunity in patients with ovarian carcinoma, 22 patients received four to six doses of i.p. recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma), 200 microg/m2 on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12, and i.p. recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), either 6.0 x 10(5) IU/m2 (group A) or 1.0 x 10(5) IU/m2 (group B), on days 9, 10, and 11. Two patients in group A also received T-cell lines expanded from peritoneal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) obtained after i.p. rIFN-gamma/rIL-2 administration. Toxicity was manageable and included five nonhematological grade 3 or 4 events in 22 patients (23%). A patient had normalization of CA-125 values and a progression-free interval of 18 months, after receiving i.p. rIFN-gamma/rIL-2 without TILs. Another patient who received i.p. rIFN-gamma/rIL-2 plus TILs had stabilization of ascites and intra-abdominal tumors and >50% reduction in serum CA-125 values over 6 months. A third patient who received i.p. rIFN-gamma/rIL-2 had stabilization of intra-abdominal tumors and ascites accompanied by CA-125 values of 50 to 100 units over 6 months. T-cell lines for adoptive immunotherapy were developed for only 3 of 20 patients who were treated with rIFN-gamma/rIL-2. Large numbers of CD3- CD56+ adherent cells were expanded in rIL-2 in the remaining patients, precluding the development of T-cell lines. i.p. rIFN-gamma, either alone or followed by rIL-2, increased proportions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I+ and class II+ tumor cells and increased HLA class I staining intensity on peritoneal carcinoma cells. i.p. rIFN-gamma plus rIL-2 also enhanced cytotoxic activity against Daudi and K562 cells and against allogeneic ovarian tumor cells. Increased cytotoxic activity was associated with an increase in the proportion of CD56+ cells. IFN-gamma and IL-2 transcripts were expressed more frequently after rIFN-gamma and rIL-2 treatment. In addition, the proportions of CD45RA+ (naive lymphocytes) were increased, and CD8+ DR+ lymphocytes were increased relative to CD8+ CD69+ cells, which were decreased. IL-10 concentrations in peritoneal fluids were increased after treatment with rIFN-gamma and the higher rIL-2 dosing (group A) but not in those treated with rIFN-gamma and the lower rIL-2 dosing (group B). These results demonstrated that patients with ovarian carcinoma can tolerate treatment with rIFN-gamma and rIL-2 and that rIFN-gamma alone or rIFN-gamma combined with rIL-2 enhances the expression of HLA class I and class II antigens on ovarian tumor cells, although immunosuppressive cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta and IL-10, may persist. Treatment with rIFN-gamma/rIL-2 i.p. did not facilitate the production of TIL-derived T-cell lines ex vivo.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1992

[Changes of the 5-HT content in hippocampus, midbrain-pons, spinal cord and concentration of blood glucose after intraperitoneal injection of ACTH in rats].

Effects of ACTH on the content of 5-HT in the hippocampus, midbrain-pons, and spinal cord and the concentration of blood glucose in rats by spectrofluorometric assay and glucose oxidase method were studied. ACTH ip 10 IU.kg-1 or 20 IU.kg-1 significantly increased the content of 5-HT in the hippocampus, midbrain-pons and spinal cord and blood glucose level, both in a dose-dependent manner; para-chloroaphetamine, p-Cpa 4 mg icv markedly reduced the 5-HT in these brain regions and spinal cord and the blood glucose level (P less than 0.01); the level of 5-HT and blood glucose were not significantly altered after icv p-Cpa+ip ACTH; adrenalectomy+ip ACTH markedly increased the 5-HT content in the brain regions and spinal cord, but the blood glucose was decreased (P less than 0.01); and 5-HT was markedly decreased by sc alloxan tetrahydrate+ip ACTH, but blood glucose did not decrease (P greater than 0.05). Thus, ACTH may influence the blood glucose level through central nervous system 5-HT, and the change of 5-HT may be related to the insulin (secretion).

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Mesothelioma dose response following intraperitoneal injection of mineral fibres.

The relationship between injected dose and the development of peritoneal mesotheliomas has been examined in rats using the UTCC standard reference samples of chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite as well as a sample of fibrous erionite from Oregon. Doses injected into the peritoneal cavity ranged from 0.005 to 25 mg and with each dust a clear dose response was found. The proportion of animals developing tumours increased with the amount of dust injected while the tumour induction period was reduced. When times to death from mesothelioma were analysed using standard hazard models, erionite was the most carcinogenic dust by mass followed by chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite. The hazard slopes for erionite, chrysotile and crocidolite, over the range of doses examined, were parallel while the slope for amosite was shallower. The relative hazards for the various dust types were also examined with dose expressed as the number of injected fibres in a range of sizes as measured by SEM. No combination of fibre dimensions was found at which the hazard for the four dust types was equal although when dose was expressed as the number of long fibres injected (> 8 microns in length) the hazard slopes for chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite were relatively close. The hazard level of erionite remained well above the other dust types regardless of how the dose was expressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dose-responsive induction of mammary gland carcinomas by the intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea.

Dose-response relationships for the induction of mammary tumors by a single i.p. injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) were studied. Groups of 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given i.p. injections of 50, 37.5, 25, 12.5, or 0 mg MNU/kg body weight at 50 days of age. Animals were palpated for tumor detection twice weekly throughout a 28-week observation period. Administration of MNU i.p. caused no acute toxicity. Both benign and malignant mammary tumors were induced by MNU, but malignant tumors appeared earlier and at a faster rate than benign tumors. The incidence and numbers of mammary carcinomas increased whereas median cancer-free time decreased with increasing dose of MNU. Approximately twice as many mammary cancers were observed in the cervical-thoracic as in the abdominal-inguinal mammary gland chains irrespective of carcinogen dose, while the frequency of tumor occurrence in the left versus right chains was similar. Tumor latency decreased with increasing dose of MNU, but the quartiles for time to detection of all tumors within each carcinogen dose group were similar irrespective of anatomical region in which the tumors occurred. The mammary tumor response attained via i.p. injection was similar but the coefficient of variation for tumor multiplicity within a carcinogen dose group was lower in comparison to that observed when MNU was administered i.v. or s.c. Among these techniques for carcinogen injection, the i.p. route is the most rapid method and offers an added advantage of ease of administration with quantitative, reproducible delivery of the desired amount of carcinogen and a decrease in variability of tumor response among animals within a treatment group. This method is well suited for the technically less experienced investigator and for those in need for a rapid method of injecting MNU to large numbers of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of intraperitoneal injection of naloxone on the analgesic effect and the changes of brain catecholamine contents induced by electroacupuncture in rats].

Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, Electro-acupuncture (EA), Naloxone and Naloxone plus EA. The content of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in brain stem, diencephalon and telencephalon were determined by spectrofluorometry. It was found that the pain threshold increased and the NA content in the telencephalon decreased and the DA level in the brain stem increased markedly after EA. Naloxone injection partially decreased the analgesic effect of EA and abolished the EA-induced elevation of DA in the brain stem and attenuated the NA level in the diencephalon after EA. These results suggest that morphine receptor may play an important role in EA analgesia and this may be partially carried out through the brain catecholamine system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Biodistribution of indium-111-labeled OC 125 monoclonal antibody intraperitoneally injected into patients operated on for ovarian carcinomas.

The biodistribution of 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) OC 125 was studied after i.p. injection in 28 patients who underwent surgery for ovarian carcinoma. Group I (eight patients) received intact 111In-labeled OC 125 MAb, Group II (three patients) intact 111In-labeled irrelevant NS, Group III (five patients) intact 111In-labeled OC 125 MAb associated with 20 mg of the same unlabeled MAb and Group IV (12 patients) F(ab')2 fragments of 111In-labeled OC 125 MAb. The patients were operated on 1 to 3 days after i.p. injection, and the surgeon removed large tumor fragments and/or small tumor nodules and, in some patients, collected the residual perfusion fluid from which malignant cell clusters were isolated. Uptake by large tumor fragments at 24 h was low: 0.0031 +/- 0.0032% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) for Group I and 0.0024 +/- 0.0022%ID/g for Group IV. It was moderately higher than that of Group II (0.0014 +/- 0.0006%ID/g) and Group III (0.0015 +/- 0.0007%ID/g). Uptake by small tumor nodules (0.1302 +/- 0.0802%ID/g at 72 h for Group I) and malignant cell clusters (median: 0.3322, with a maximum value of 4.1614%ID/g at 24 h for Group IV) was markedly higher. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratios with OC 125 MAb [intact or F(ab')2 fragments] ranged between 0.1 and 8.5 for large tumor fragments and 2 and 8,700 for small tumor nodules and malignant cell clusters. It would thus appear that RIT is feasible if an appropriate radionuclide can be selected for antibody labeling.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hepatocarcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene to rainbow trout by dietary exposure and intraperitoneal injection.

The influence of benzo[a]pyrene [(BP) CAS: 50-32-8] on the induction of certain enzymes within the hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system and its potential carcinogenicity were examined in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Nine-week feeding trials were performed with 500 and 1,000 ppm BP to determine trout tolerance to BP. Levels of MFO enzymes, including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), benzo[a]pyrene monooxygenase (BPMO), and cytochrome P450 were measured during this time. An 18-month feeding trial of a 1,000-ppm BP dose was initiated in duplicate groups of 100 fingerling rainbow trout. Samples of trout were killed at 6, 12, and 18 months for gross and histologic examination of the internal organs for neoplasms. A group of fifty 10-month-old rainbow trout were given 12 monthly ip injections of 1 mg BP in 0.4 ml propylene glycol (PG), and comparable controls were given PG injections only. The trout were held for an additional 6 months, killed at age 28 months, and examined as in the dietary study. Mean MFO enzyme levels of EROD, ECOD, BPMO, and cytochrome P450 were significantly (P less than .001) elevated, showing dose- and time-response relationships when compared to MFO enzyme levels in control fish. Twelve months after BP exposure was initiated, 15% of the BP-fed fish had histologically confirmed neoplasms of the liver. After 18 months the incidence increased to 25%. No evidence of neoplasia was observed in control fish. BP injected ip resulted in a 50% incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms and in a fibrosarcoma of the liver and papillary adenomas of the swim bladder in 1 fish. These results indicate that BP is a potent inducer of selected hepatic MFO enzymes and establish, for the first time, the hepatocarcinogenicity of BP in an aquatic species.

Adenocarcinoma↗