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PubMed2000

Qualitative study of pregnancy and childbirth experiences in Somalian women resident in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the attitudes, strategies and habits of Somalian immigrant women related to pregnancy and childbirth, in order to gain an understanding as to how cultural factors might affect perinatal outcome. METHODS: Interpreter assisted qualitative in depth interviews around topics such as attitudes and strategies regarding childbirth. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen women from the Somalian community in a city in Sweden, between the ages of 20 and 55 years with delivery experience in Somalia and Sweden. RESULTS: The interviews describe how the women themselves perceived their experiences of childbirth in the migrant situation. Many voluntarily decreased food intake in order to have a smaller fetus, an easier delivery and to avoid caesarean section. The participants considered a safe delivery to be the same as a normal vaginal delivery They reduced food intake in order to diminish the growth of the fetus, thereby avoiding caesarean section and mortality. The practice of food intake reduction, while rational for the participants when in Somalia, was found less rational in Sweden and may lead to suboptimal obstetric surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Somalian women have childbirth strategies that differ from those of Swedish women. These strategies should be seen as 'survival behaviours' related to their background in an environment with high maternal mortality. The hypothesis generated is that there is a relationship between the strategies during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcome among Somalian immigrants. Considering the strong association of the habits to safe birth, it seems doubtful whether the women will change their habits as long as health care providers are unaware of their motives. We suggest a more culturally sensitive perinatal surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity promotion programme in general practice.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity promotion in general practice is advocated though not incorporated into daily practice. Several barriers must be overcome to develop a feasible and acceptable programme. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a process evaluation of a physical activity promotion programme in general practice (PACE), in which patients visited their provider (GP or practice nurse) twice. METHODS: Process evaluation was conducted by means of telephone-administered, semi-structured interviews with providers and practice assistants. The main topics of the interviews were overall impression of PACE, PACE training, content and usability of the intervention materials, counselling, implementation of the intervention, and opportunities for future use. RESULTS: In the 15 participating general practices, a total of 17 providers and 12 practice assistants were interviewed. The overall impression of the PACE programme was positive. Most providers experienced the provided material and training as helpful. Some problems concerning the number of forms used and patients having difficulties completing the forms were mentioned. Most providers (70.6%) spend 10 min or more discussing PACE during the first consultation. The second consultation mostly was completed within 10 min. Patients overestimating their level of physical activity was mentioned as the main barrier in providing the counselling. PACE was evaluated as suitable for implementation in Dutch general practice, and 60% of the providers actually intended using PACE in the future. CONCLUSION: The PACE programme was evaluated as being both acceptable and feasible in a selection of Dutch general practices. Positive adaptations will be made in order to implement PACE successfully in general practice at a wider scale.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focus group methodology for patients, parents, and siblings.

This report describes methodology that can be used as a guideline for the planning, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of data from focus groups for parents/caregivers, siblings, and children diagnosed with an illness; the methodology provides tools for the conduct of such groups in the same or similar populations. Separate focus group sessions were conducted for parents/guardians, siblings, and affected children. Methodological enhancements in planning and conducting the focus group sessions include development of a sampling frame to derive a representative group of participants, standardization of procedures through the use of a moderator's training manual tailored to each group, identification of topics to broaden content areas and stimulate discussion, and creation of a comfortable environment in which participants could express issues. Statistical considerations regarding design and conduct of the focus group session, as well as acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data are presented with regard to validity, reliability, and generalizability of information gathered from focus group interviews. Scripts, topics, and timeframes that were initially devised by content experts were validated further and revised for direct use or adaptation by clinicians in the conduct of focus group sessions for parents/guardians, siblings, and affected children. Application of this methodology is intended to promote generalizability, reliability, and validity of information obtained, and to enable health care practitioners to provide better care to young patients and their families.

Family↗
PubMed1979

Videotapes in psychiatry: their use in teaching observation techniques.

In order to assess the effectiveness of videotapes in teaching mental state examination, two groups of medical students, one who had received videotape teaching and one not exposed to videotapes, are compared in their ability to observe accurately the mental state during a live interview. Accuracy of observation was assessed by obtaining a measure of the students' ability to shift from an incorrect opinion about a patient to a more accurate assessment following the live interview. Students who had received videotape teaching were able to make more accurate judgements than those who had not. This ability was not related to certain personality attitudes measured, nor to an ability to detect subjective elements in the interview, nor is it reflected in their examination results. The only significant variable found to influence this ability was whether or not the student had received videotape teaching.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

American Express emphasizes service, training and R&D. Interview by Carolyn Dunbar.

Larry Ferguson, president of the Health Systems Group of American Express Information Services Company, tells Computers in Healthcare what has happened in the year since the company acquired enough "critical mass" through purchasing McDonnell Douglas Health Systems Company to become a major player in the healthcare computing industry.

Commerce↗
PubMed2005

Funding of a medical research institute in a small country: 15 years of Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP)--interview conducted by Ivan Damjanov.

This is an interview with Prof Manuel Sobrinho-Simoes, the Director of the Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal. The interview was prepared for this Pathology thematic issue, by Prof Ivan Damjanov, from the University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. The interview deals with the funding and the growth of IPATIMUP, which became, within 15 years from its inception, one of the leading biomedical research institutions of Portugal. The interview touches upon the logistical, political, financial, and personnel-related problems they encountered during these 15 years. It illustrates some of the dilemmas and questions faced by scientists in Porto, which are also relevant to scientists in other small countries.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2002

Randomised controlled trials in nursing and midwifery: an interview with Maralyn Foureur. Interview by Pamela J. Wood.

Randomised controlled trials are considered to be one of the best research designs for determining effective care in the clinical setting. Relatively few randomised controlled trials, however, have been carried out in nursing or midwifery practice, so few examples of the practical realities of this research methodology are readily accessible. This is the sixth article in a series based on interviews with nursing and midwifery researchers, designed to offer the beginning researcher a first-hand account of the experience of using particular methodologies. This article focuses on the randomised controlled trial as experienced by Maralyn Foureur (RGON, RM, BA, Grad Dip Clin Epidem, PhD) who used this methodology to demonstrate the effectiveness of a continuity of care model in midwifery practice.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse clowns in the OR. An interview with Barbara Ann D'Anna.

1. There is always some degree of stress in the OR. The trick is to play up the eustress (positive, motivating energy) and alleviate the distress (negative/draining energy). Eustress is characterized by smiles, chatter, purposeful movement, and an OR that hums with efficiency. Distress can be assessed by unhappy faces, loud grumbling, dragging feet, and an OR that grinds to a halt. 2. Humor relaxes people and situations. It allows creative juices to flow and enhances what people take away from meetings by facilitating the creative process. The staff members feel good about themselves and what they are doing, and they become more productive. 3. The OR can be both a wonderful (eustress) and a horrible (distress) place in which to work. We need to savor the wonderful--and season the horrible with humor to make it palatable. As directors use humor to reduce staff stress levels, they should remember to bring laughter and humor into their own lives as well.

Humans↗