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Results for “Knowledge Management”

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PubMed2002

The effect of education on knowledge and management of elder abuse: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Abuse of older adults may occur to a disproportionate extent in institutions. Lack of familiarity with protocols when managing abuse once it occurs is one of the reasons why it persists. Educational interventions are one of the ways to improve knowledge and management in this area. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of attending an educational course (Group 1) to printed educational material (Group 2) in improving management of abuse of older people. To determine if positive attitude and low burnout scores are related to improvement. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: North London, UK. SUBJECTS: Nurses, care assistants and social workers working with older people. METHODS: Staff answered questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: The study was completed by 64 (81%) of staff. Baseline scores on knowledge and management abusive scenarios were low. Those randomized to Group 1 improved after intervention and Group 2 deteriorated (Group 1=3.7 [standard deviation=8.1], ANOVA F=23.0; P=0.0001 and Group 2=-2.9 [standard deviation=10.0]). There was a ceiling effect with those who knew more learning less. The significant independent variables in regression analysis to predict learning were being randomized to Group 1 (P=0.003; odds ratio=6.8; 95% confidence interval=1.9-24.5) and low baseline knowledge and management score, (P=0.015, odds ratio=4.8, confidence interval=1.4-16.9). Most staff had a positive attitude towards people with dementia; positive attitude score correlated with baseline knowledge, but did not predict learning. CONCLUSION: Identifying, documenting and reporting abuse of older people is not carried out consistently. Whilst an educational course goes some way in improving this, it needs to be targeted to take into account the baseline knowledge.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Knowledge and management of malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

A study of knowledge and management of malaria was undertaken prospectively in 20 dispensaries, 20 drug stores, 120 patients attending dispensaries and 120 customers at drug stores in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This was a descriptive study where two different questionnaires were developed and administered to the target groups in oral interview. All the respondents were aged 14 years and above. The results of the interview showed that the knowledge of rural medical aides (RMA's) on signs and symptoms of malaria and which drugs cure malaria was satisfactory. However, only 65% of the RMA's could remember the correct dose of chloroquine for an adult. Although the knowledge of drug sellers on signs and symptoms of malaria was adequate, 45% of them did not know the correct dose of chloroquine. In view of the fact that only 30% of patients and 20% of shoppers knew the correct dose of chloroquine for adults, it appears that their management of malaria is inadequate. To improve the management of malaria at dispensary and drug store level, there is a need to introduce treatment charts and/or guidelines and the Ministry of Health should promote health education to the public.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

From data to knowledge: a method for modeling hospital logistic processes.

When modeling or redesigning a process, the knowledge-management perspective is seldomly used. Using the knowledge categorization developed by van Heusden and Jorna, we propose a knowledge-management perspective to provide a strategy for modeling and redesigning a business process. As an illustration of our approach, we use hospital data of multidisciplinary patients. This specific group of patients requires the involvement of different specialisms for their medical treatment that leads to more efforts regarding the coordination of care for these patients. In order to increase the care efficiency, knowledge that supports the reorganization of care for multidisciplinary patients should be provided. We use the above-mentioned knowledge-management perspective for creating new multidisciplinary units, in which different specialisms coordinate the treatment of specific groups of patients.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2000

Healthcare knowledge acquisition: an ontology-based approach using the extensible markup language (XML).

The healthcare enterprise requires a great deal of knowledge to maintain premium efficiency in the delivery of quality healthcare. We employ Knowledge Management based knowledge acquisition strategies to procure 'tacit' healthcare knowledge from experienced healthcare practitioners. Situational, problem-specific Scenarios are proposed as viable knowledge acquisition and representation constructs. We present a healthcare Tacit Knowledge Acquisition Info-structure (TKAI) that allows remote healthcare practitioners to record their tacit knowledge. TKAI employs (a) ontologies for standardisation of tacit knowledge and (b) XML to represent scenario instances for their transfer over the Internet to the server-side Scenario-Base and for the global sharing of acquired tacit healthcare knowledge.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2005

[The application of biomed-informatics in cardiovascular research--data and knowledge].

With the development of biotechnology, especially the projects which lead to high throughout experimental results, lots of data have been jammed in every related fields, and broke the balance between data and knowledge in these fields. It is urgent to refine these data, and let them be more productive. To avoid these data being decaying into rubbish, technology and theory such as database, statistics, data mining, knowledge management, and artificial intelligence had been applied into biologic and medical study fields. So, a new standalone research subject--biomed-informatics has been formed. This paper reviewed the application of biomed-informatics in cardiovascular research, and gave the view for the future development of this subject.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

A description of physical therapists' knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions.

BACKGROUND: Physical therapists increasingly provide direct access services to patients with musculoskeletal conditions, and growing evidence supports the cost-effectiveness of this mode of healthcare delivery. However, further evidence is needed to determine if physical therapists have the requisite knowledge necessary to manage musculoskeletal conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe physical therapists' knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions. METHODS: This study utilized a cross-sectional design in which 174 physical therapist students from randomly selected educational programs and 182 experienced physical therapists completed a standardized examination assessing knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions. This same examination has been previously been used to assess knowledge in musculoskeletal medicine among medical students, physician interns and residents, and across a variety of physician specialties. RESULTS: Experienced physical therapists had higher levels of knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions than medical students, physician interns and residents, and all physician specialists except for orthopaedists. Physical therapist students enrolled in doctoral degree educational programs achieved significantly higher scores than their peers enrolled in master's degree programs. Furthermore, experienced physical therapists who were board-certified in orthopaedic or sports physical therapy achieved significantly higher scores and passing rates than their non board-certified colleagues. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may have implications for health and public policy decisions regarding the suitability of utilizing physical therapists to provide direct access care for patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Knowledge of management of epilepsy in young adults in Jordan.

PURPOSE: Nationwide studies on public knowledge of epilepsy have been undertaken in several countries, but not in Jordan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of the management of epilepsy in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during the period February-June 2005 on 16,044 individuals selected randomly to represent all regions of Jordan. Respondents were interviewed and asked to complete a five-item questionnaire testing their knowledge of the management of epilepsy. RESULTS: Most of the individuals (77.9%) agreed that patients with epilepsy are best treated in a specialized hospital for neurological diseases. Although the largest percentage of the sample (86.7%) agreed that the best person to treat epilepsy is a neurologist, others believed that a hypnotherapist (25.4%) or a religious healer (22.6%) is. As an immediate measure during an attack of epilepsy, most respondents (82.6%) agreed that protecting the patient's head is most important. During the postseizure period, 45.8% of respondents believed that offering the patient water or a cold or hot drink is appropriate. Two-thirds of the respondents (66.2%) agreed that epilepsy can be treated with drugs. Responses of the participants to the five items significantly differed with respect to age, gender, level of education, and occupation. CONCLUSION: Jordanians are reasonably well informed about most aspects of the management of epilepsy, but there is still a need for public education about this disorder.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Managing corporate knowledge can yield significant dividends.

Integrated delivery systems (IDSs) that track projects, initiatives, and task force undertakings system-wide are better able to effectively manage their corporate knowledge. IDS executives must understand how valuable corporate knowledge is, and should manage their organizations' corporate knowledge as carefully as their capital investments.

Archives↗

PubMed1995

The librarian as a partner in nursing education.

Welch Medical Library has explored new roles for librarians in knowledge management instruction programs throughout the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing curricula. These programs have created roles for library staff as both instructors and knowledge management experts. By fostering strong communication and attention to quality instruction, librarians achieved their vision of a program in knowledge management integrated into the curriculum, where they are partners working with nursing faculty to define the students' knowledge management needs and decide how these needs can be met.

Baltimore↗

PubMed2005

Physician knowledge and management of children exposed to domestic violence in Ohio: a comparison of pediatricians and family physicians.

Active members of the Ohio chapters of American Academy of Family Physicians (FP=1,498) and American Academy of Pediatrics (Ped=1,725) were surveyed about their knowledge and management regarding children exposed to domestic violence (DV). Characteristics of respondents were analyzed by use of Chi-square analysis. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of DV knowledge and management. The response rate was 33.3%. Family physicians were more likely to know their local DV agency and recognize the adult symptoms of DV, such as unexplained injury. Pediatricians were more likely to report the child who saw a fight between parents to child protective services. Continuing work to increase physicians' comfort and ability to assess for DV and manage exposed children is needed.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Decision support, knowledge representation and management: A broad methodological spectrum. Findings from the Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize current excellent research in the field of decision support, knowledge management and representation. METHODS: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006. RESULTS: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management covers a broad spectrum of methods applied to a variety of medical problems and domains. Some particularly interesting and current topics were picked for the IMIA Yearbook 2006: the importance of ontologies for systematic system engineering of decision support systems, syndromic surveillance based on natural language processing, the evaluation of large semantic networks, and a comprehensive ontology for a randomised controlled trial database to support evidence-based practise. CONCLUSIONS: The best paper selection shows that methods for decision support, knowledge representation and management can decisively contribute to the solution of many different medical problems, but also that there is still a lot of exiting research to be done.

Awards and Prizes↗

PubMed2001

Predictors of participation and attendance in a new asthma patient self-management education program.

BACKGROUND: Low participation limits the effectiveness of patient education interventions. In this study, the characteristics of patients who agreed to participate in a clinical trial of disease self-management education for asthma were compared to the characteristics of those who declined, and among the former group patients who actually attended were compared to those who did not. METHODS: The education program, implemented at the Geneva University Hospitals between 1996 and 1998, consisted of three interactive sessions spread over 3 weeks. Only 131 of 253 eligible patients (52%) agreed to participate in the trial, and only 83 patients (63%) attended two to three educational sessions. All eligible patients filled out baseline questionnaires and were interviewed by a trained physiotherapist. RESULTS: Lower confidence in the patient's own current treatment regimen and a more severe baseline asthma attack were independently associated with participation in the trial. Among those who agreed to participate in the study, a university education, longer asthma duration, older age, and a higher level of asthma management knowledge were associated with higher attendance. Quality-of-life scores were not associated with higher course attendance. Among all eligible participants, persons with lower knowledge of asthma management (which was assessed by what to do during an asthma attack and knowledge of the correct use of a peak expiratory flowmeter and inhalers) were less likely to enroll in the trial and to attend the educational training sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies need to be developed to motivate patients with lower disease self-management knowledge to participate in asthma education programs.

Asthma↗

PubMed2006

Self-management plans in the primary care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The role of COPD self-management plans in improving health outcomes remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether self-management plans administered in primary care have beneficial effects on quality of life, self-care behaviour and health outcomes in the long term for patients with COPD. MATERIAL, PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective, unblinded, randomized controlled trial of usual care vs. usual care plus structured education on the use of a written self-management plan and patient-initiated short courses of antibiotics and oral corticosteroids. The study was conducted in general practice, in Christchurch, New Zealand. Participants were 159 patients with COPD randomized by general practice site into control or intervention groups. The primary outcome measure was change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Secondary variables were frequency of hospital and primary-care attendance, frequency of use of courses of antibiotics and oral corticosteroids over 12 months, and change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Self-management knowledge was assessed using a structured interview, the COPD Self-Management Interview. RESULTS: Self-management plans and structured education were associated with higher levels of self-management knowledge at 12 months, but had no effect on change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, health utilization, mental health or self-reported outcomes of patients with COPD managed in general practice. CONCLUSIONS: Self-management knowledge was higher in the intervention group but there was no difference in quality of life or health outcomes due to self-management plans.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Knowledge and process management in health care organizations.

OBJECTIVE: Medical knowledge management and care process management have become to be considered as valuable strategic assets that can lead to sustained increase in Health Care Organization (HCO) performance. Thus, it is essential to investigate which are the enablers for promoting knowledge-based organizations (people, organization, process, and system perspectives). Although they are essential for a HCO to manage knowledge effectively, it is still unclear how to employ them in more principled fashion. This requires innovative management strategies to determine effective ways of utilizing knowledge resources and capabilities available both within and outside the organization. METHOD: This paper reviews knowledge and process management theories, methods, and technologies that are potentially effective in building high performance HCOs. They come from a variety of fields behind computer science and medical informatics, e.g. from business and organization sciences to psychological and cognitive sciences, from epistemology to sociology. However, the success in developing future Health Information Systems (HIS) requires their incorporation into a new conceptual framework after recognizing how peculiar are the characteristics of HCOs with respect to other organizations. Investigating the nature of knowledge, in general, and of medical knowledge, in particular, is essential to define which services the future HIS should provide to foster collaboration between patients and health professionals. The knowledge creation process is then described in order to emphasize its dynamic and social characteristics. The potential of workflow technology for building innovative HISs is analyzed together with several basic research issues which are very challenging for researchers in the field. RESULT: A framework for augmenting the conceptual analysis of theories, methods, tools and effects of knowledge management in building high performance HCOs.

Health Facility Administration↗

PubMed2001

Knowledge and management of malaria in under five children by primary health care workers in Ibadan South-east local government area.

The results of a survey of the knowledge and management practices of 61 health workers in five primary health care facilities in Ibadan South-east LGA are presented. In addition, 30 health workers were observed as they managed children with fever and the parasite status of 92 children diagnosed to have malaria was determined. Results revealed that 62(67.4%) children had the malaria parasite. Knowledge of some basic concepts was fairly adequate as the majority 46(75.4%) knew the cause of malaria. Treatment practices were poor as only 34(55.7010) and 39(63.9%) health workers respectively prescribed chloroquine and paracetamol correctly. Observation revealed that history taking and physical examinations were rudimentary. Scores out of 100 on correct prescriptions of chloroquine and paracetamol were 60.1 and 76.8 respectively. There is an urgent need for periodic education programmes, especially for health workers with many years of experience to help them maintain clinical skills and refresh their knowledge.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Management forecast: optimizing the use of organizational and individual knowledge.

Knowledge management provides a means for sharing data, lessons learned, and accumulated knowledge throughout an organization or within an entire industry. Gone are the days of hoarding knowledge to ensure job security; today's workers and managers must work together to find new and innovative ways to use what they know and optimize how that knowledge is accessed. Knowledge management's new approach to shared intellectual resources has implications for workers and managers in all fields and promises to redraw the management landscape. But are healthcare organizations setting the stage for reengineering themselves all over again?

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed2003

Working together: supporting projects through action learning.

Recent years have seen tremendous growth in knowledge management projects within the NHS. Project staff must acquire rapidly a wide range of task-related skills. Conventional training courses may be inappropriately timed or unavailable to project staff. Action learning provides a group-based means of meeting skills deficits associated with project management and delivery. This paper describes an action learning set for project staff on five knowledge management projects within Trent Region. A brief evaluation aimed to identify most and least useful and most and least enjoyable features of the action learning set. Comments on the facilitation and the content of the action learning sessions are analysed. Action learning is feasible in meeting the training needs of project staff. It may also provide a means of meeting the shared learning needs of communities of practice within a virtual environment. Knowledge management does not merely involve management and delivery within innovative projects but also requires exploiting shared learning across projects.

Cooperative Behavior↗

PubMed2005

Shoulder dystocia: prevention and management.

Knowledge of the maneuvers used for the alleviation of shoulder dystocia is relevant not only for obstetric residents and attending house staff but also for family practitioners, nurses, and nurse midwives. The performance of shoulder dystocia "drills" can be helpful not only to coordinate a teamwork approach to this obstetric emergency but also to provide an opportunity to practice the maneuvers. Shoulder dystocia continues to represent an immense area of clinical interest because it typically occurs without prediction. All patients in labor should be considered at risk for the development of shoulder dystocia.

Delivery, Obstetric↗