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PubMedDate not supplied

Autoimmunity and absence of rheumatoid factors in experimental Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) equiperdum infections in the rabbit.

The serum levels of IgM and IgG have been shown to increase approximately 7 to 10 times during the development of Trupanosoma equiperdum infection in the rabbit. After separation of the 7 S and 19 S fractions by density gradient centrifugation, both fractions were found by complement fixation tests to contain anti-trypanosome antibodies. The 19 S fraction also contained autoantibodies reacting with tissue antigens of rabbit liver, kidney and heart. Results of passive haemagglutination and latex fixation tests could not confirm earlier reports of the presence of rheumatoid factors in infected rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Two-phase course of IgM and rheumatoid factors during D-penicillamine therapy].

16 patients with definite and classical rheumatoid arthritis (A.R.A. criteria) were under regular control for 210 days. 11 of them were treated with D-penicillamine and 5 with gold. They were compared to a group of 34 healthy people. In addition to clinical observations the following investigations were carried out at intervals of 20 to 30 days: Latex-fixation test and Waaler-Rose, IgM, IgA, IgG, C3, C4, C3-proactivation, ESR, coeruloplasmin, iron, complete blood picture, gamma-GT, SGOT, SGPT, alk. phosphatase, creatinine, urea and full urinalysis. Furthermore antinuclear factors (ANF) and C-3 activating ANF were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. The following observations were made: 1. The serum level of immuno-globulins changed in a two-phase fashion during D-penicillamine treatment. Initially IgM decreased significantly until the 60th to 80th day. During the 80th to 210th day it tended to increase. Rheumatoid factors changed in a similar way. 2. There was a significant correlation between the IgM serum level and the average titer of the Latex-fixation and Waaler-Rose tests. 3. The other parameters did not change significantly. 4. In one case the ANF became positive and showed a tendency to increase in titre. With higher titres complement activation was demonstrated. The treatment was discontinued. Thereafter the ANF titres and complement binding decreased gradually.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1962

Diagnostic tests for thyroid antibodies: a comparison of the precipitin and latex-fixation (Hyland TAI) tests.

The clinical significance of thyroid antibodies is discussed and it is concluded that, of the antibody tests which have been extensively applied, the precipitin test is the most useful for diagnostic purposes. The recently introduced Hyland TA test is compared with the precipitin test. The TA test gives a rapid result and is slightly more sensitive, but it remains undecided whether a true positive result is always indicative of clinically important degrees of chronic thyroiditis. The TA test also gives occasional false positive results, not indicative of antibody to thyroglobulin. Furthermore, approximately 12% of precipitin-positive sera from patients with Hashimoto's disease give negative TA tests, and since these also have low titres, or are negative, in the tanned red cell haemagglutination test, the precipitin test is the only simple method of demonstrating the antibody concerned. In spite of these disadvantages, the TA test is regarded as a useful procedure, and there are advantages in using both the precipitin and TA tests together for routine diagnostic purposes. A modification is described whereby the TA test reagent may be used to titrate antibody to thyroglobulin.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reevaluation of diagnostic histoplasma serologies.

There are few quantitative guidelines for the interpretation of serologic tests for histoplasmosis. Furthermore, guidelines that have been proposed are not accepted generally. This report reviews experiences with complement fixation and latex agglutination tests performed in a large acute-care hospital in an endemic area, and depicts the relationship between the proportion of false-positive reactions and the titer at which the serologic tests were reactive. We noted a considerable number of false-positive reactions for these widely-used tests. Use of a battery of standard tests for histoplasmosis resulted in a 90% decrease in false-positive reactions. Reliance upon multiple positive results in such a battery of tests would result in failure to detect 50% of cases of disseminated histoplasmosis, but would eliminate most false positives.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of echinococcosis during conducting mass screening and surgical treatment].

In the course of 15 years the authors conducted a comprehensive examination of over 13,000 patients for establishing the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydatid disease; among these patients there were more than 3,000 who underwent operation, 1,280 who were examined for recurrence of the disease, and 5,000 who were subjected to periodical medical examination. The enzyme immunoassay and indirect hemagglutination test are the most reliable in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent hydatid disease and in periodical examination; the latex fixation test remains false-positive (16.9%) up to 3 years. Combination of laboratory and instrumental methods (computed tomography, ultrasonic examination, scanning and multi-view X-ray examination) makes it possible to establish not only the topical diagnosis but also the state of the hydatids, which helps in the choice of the operative method.

Echinococcosis, Hepatic↗
PubMed2001

[Five cases of erythema infectiosum in adults].

The similarities between clinical features of erythema infectiosum and collagen disease or other viral infections prompted us to investigate clinical manifestations and laboratory data of parvovirus B19 (B19) infection in adults. We diagnosed all five patients as acute B19 infection by antibody assays. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 39 years old (mean 29), and all patients were female. All five patients showed high fever, arthralgia and edema of the extremities. Four of the five patients showed skin rash of the extremities or cheeks. Two patients were diagnosed as erythema infectiosum by family physicians before coming to us. The three remaining patients were suspected to be systemic lupus erythematosus, adult Still disease or rubella indivisually and referred to our hospital. A-27-old female (case 5) visited our hospital because of polyarthralgia and butterfly rash on her face. A test for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was positive at a dilution of 1:320. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was also detected by latex fixation test. Her AST was 51 IU/L, ALT 68 IU/L and LDH 568 IU/L. Her symptoms persisted for 3 weeks and hepatic dysfunction recovered within 3 weeks. Five months later. ANA was negative at the dilution of less than 1:40. We suggest that the similarities between some symptoms of B19 infection and clinical and serological manifestation of collagen diseases merit closer attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a new latex agglutination method for detection of antibody to herpes simplex virus.

A new latex agglutination (LA) test (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.) for detection of antibody to herpes simplex virus was compared with a reference complement fixation (CF) method in a premarket evaluation. Of 102 serum samples tested, 19 were LA negative and CF negative, 79 were LA positive and CF positive, and 4 were LA positive and CF negative. An enzyme immunoassay (M. A. Bioproducts, Walkersville, Md.) performed on the four LA-positive and CF-negative serum samples agreed with LA in all cases. Most LA titers were two to four doubling dilutions higher than CF titers. We conclude that this new LA test is a rapid, sensitive, and simple method for documentation of past infection with herpes simplex virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

The use of serology in patients with suspected hydatid disease.

Screening tests (IHA, LA and ELISA) and confirmatory tests (CF, CCEP and IEOP) on blood samples from 443 patients referred to the Scottish Hydatid Reference Laboratory are reviewed. The ELISA test was the most sensitive. All of 9 confirmed cases of hydatid disease were positive by ELISA. Positive ELISA results were obtained in 10/158 (6.3%) of patients with a suspected cyst(s) and 12/149 (8.1%) patients with a clinical illness suggestive of Hydatid disease. This compared with 6/136 (4.4%) asymptomatic individuals residing in an endemic area, and 1/138 (0.7%) residing in a non-endemic area. The significance of cross-reactions in patients with malignancies or liver disease and the difficulties of serological diagnosis in suspected Hydatid disease are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The detection of rheumatic factors by means of a new hemagglutination drop test (Cellognost-RF)].

A comparative evaluation was made in 510 sera to study the specificity and sensitivity of 5 different methods for the determination of rheumatoid factors. Special attention was given to the hemagglutination drop tests which are commercially available (Cellognost-RF and Rheumaton). Both hemagglutination slide tests, which are easy to perform and easy to read, were shown to be practically equivalent, and in comparison to the other methods, also showed a good agreement. This is as well applicable to rheumatoid arthritis as to non-inflammatory processes and internal diseases. In practice, Cellognost-RF and analogous hemagglutination slide tests are certainly good screening tests for the rheumatic factors. In combination with the also simple latex-slidetest, the detection of rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis is somewhat better, although not much. When both reactions are negative, it is not necessary to do any additional tests for the demonstration of rheumatoid factors. Should one or both, however, be positive, the titre determination using the hemagglutination reaction of Waaler-Rose or latex fixation test should be made if possible. In our investigations it was also in principle possible to do these titre determinations with Cellognost-RF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Arthritis and hypogammaglobulinaemia. A. Family survey.

1. Hypogammaglobulinaemic patients admitted to the Medical Research Council's immunoglobulin therapy trials up to 1963 were examined for evidence of arthritis and were compared with population samples from Leigh, Wensleydale and Watford which were used as controls. 2. Four out of 60 males had inflammatory polyarthritis compared with an expected 0.4. In addition, 3 had synovitis limited to the knees and 4 had had polyarthritis in the past, the expected figures being 0.12 and 2.4 respectively. None of the patients had definite rheumatoid arthritis as defined by the American Rheumatism Association Criteria, though one satisfied the New York Criteria for Still's disease. All were seronegative and none of the patients with polyarthritis had radiological evidence of arthritis. None of the 18 female patients had arthritis. The prevalence of arthritis of synovitis in males was 29% in 1964, but in the following 3 years varied between 8 and 11%, suggesting a strong environmental influence. 3. All of the 7 males with inflammatory polyarthritis had levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD, which were less than 30% of the standard normals and steatorrhoea was present in three. Steatorrhoea was also noted in 2 of 5 patients wih arthritis who died before the start of the survey, compared with 7% of all the males. 4. Clinical inflammatory polyarthritis was no more common in the first-degree relatives of patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia than in the population as a whole and they had no excess of erosive arthritis visible in X-rays of the hands or feet nor was sacro-iliitis excessively frequent. 5. Positive tests for rheumatoid factor were found in only 2 of the patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and the first-degree relatives had no more positive sheep cell agglutination or latex fixation tests than expected in random population samples. 6. It is concluded that the seronegative polyarthritis which occurs in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia is unrelated genetically to rheumatoid arthritis or Still's disease.

Adolescent↗