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PubMed1997

Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of the Acid Tolerance Response in Listeria monocytogenes LO28.

Listeria monocytogenes is capable of withstanding low pH after initial exposure to sublethal acidic conditions, a phenomenon termed the acid tolerance response (B. O'Driscoll, C. G. M. Gahan, and C. Hill, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1693-1698, 1996). Treatment of L. monocytogenes LO28 with chloramphenicol during acid adaptation abrogated the protective effect, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is required for the acid tolerance response. Analysis of protein expression during acid adaptation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed changes in the levels of 53 proteins. Significant protein differences were also evident between nonadapted L. monocytogenes LO28 and a constitutively acid-tolerant mutant, ATM56. In addition, the analysis[S_TABC] revealed differences in protein expression between cells induced with a weak acid (lactic acid) and those induced with a strong acid (HCl). Comparison of both acid-adapted LO28 and ATM56 revealed that both are capable of maintaining their internal pH (pH(infi)) at higher levels than nonadapted control cells during severe acid stress. Collectively, the data demonstrate the profound alterations in protein synthesis which take place during acid adaptation in L. monocytogenes and ultimately lead to an increased ability to survive severe stress conditions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Listeria monocytogenes osteomyelitis.

Listeria monocytogenes is usually an opportunistic pathogen causing either meningitis or bacteremia in adults. Focal infection outside the central nervous system occurs infrequently. We describe two cases of osteomyelitis caused by L monocytogenes. Certain characteristics of L monocytogenes may make cure difficult, particularly in a deep-seated focus such as bone, and may warrant special consideration when planning therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis.

Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis and simultaneous soft tissue infection is reported. Six previously documented cases are reviewed. All seven patients were bacteremic, suggesting hematogenous seeding to the peritoneum as the pathogenic mechanism. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of L. monocytogenes peritonitis are compared with peritonitis of other bacterial etiologies.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of maternal and neonatal infection due to Listeria monocytogenes].

A Listeria monocytogenes infection may develop during pregnancy by eating sausages, fresh meats and milk products derived from infected animals. According to the period in which the infection starts, the pregnancy outcome can be abortion or pre-term or at term delivery. The infection can pass from mother to fetus and can cause a serious neonatal sepsis. Listeriosis in pregnant women can be asymptomatic or may present as an influenza-like syndrome. This case report, along with other published cases, demonstrates how hard is to make a correct diagnosis of listeriosis during pregnancy. Since this is mainly related to the aspecificity of symptoms, it is very important to have a high suspicion and to take a careful patient history.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of bacteriophages from Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 5 and Listeria innocua.

11 new bacteriophages, 3 from Listeria monocytogenes serovar 5 and 8 from Listeria innocua were isolated from lysogenic strains without induction. Phagovar determinations were carried out with these phages and 12 other isolated from L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2 and 4b. 76% of the 142 strains from different serovars tested gave a lytic pattern. The new phage set increased the percentage of determinable L. innocua strains to 61.7%. Different phage patterns underline the distinction between L. monocytogenes and L. innocua. L. monocytogenes serovar 5 is characterized by its great sensibility to many phages from lysogenic strains of various serovars.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Extracellular Antigens from Listeria monocytogenes I. Purification and Resolution of Hemolytic and Lipolytic Antigens from Culture Filtrates of Listeria monocytogenes.

Two antigens were purified from culture filtrates of Listeria monocytogenes 7973 by the following procedure: (i) acid precipitation with 4 n HCl at pH 3.7, (ii) Sephadex G-75 column fractionation, (iii) diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A50 batchwise adsorption, and (iv) rechromatography on Sephadex G-75. This procedure resulted in the resolution of two distinct antigens. One antigen, designated a hemolytic antigen because of its ability to lyse erythrocytes from a variety of species, had a specific activity of 25,000 units/mg of protein and an estimated molecular weight of at least 171,000. The other antigen, designated a lipolytic antigen because of its ability to hydrolyze egg yolk saline substrate, had a specific activity of 400 units/mg of protein and an estimated molecular weight of 52,500.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes molecular subtypes among human and food isolates from New York State shows persistence of human disease--associated Listeria monocytogenes strains in retail environments.

While there is considerable information available regarding Listeria monocytogenes contamination patterns in food processing plants, our understanding of L. monocytogenes contamination and transmission in retail operations is limited. We characterized 125 food, 40 environmental, and 342 human clinical L. monocytogenes isolates collected in New York State from 1997 to 2002 using automated ribotyping and hly allelic variation. All environmental isolates were obtained from retail establishments and the majority of food isolates (98 isolates) were obtained from foods that were prepared or handled at retail. Overall, food and/or environmental isolates from 50 different retail establishments were characterized. The 125 food and 40 environmental isolates were differentiated into 29 and 10 ribotypes, respectively. For 16 retail establishments, we found evidence for persistence of one or more specific L. monocytogenes strains as indicated by isolation of the same EcoRI ribotype from food or environmental samples collected in a given establishment on different days. The human isolates were differentiated into 48 ribotypes. Statistical analyses showed that two ribotypes were significantly (P < 0.0001) more common among food isolates as compared with human isolates. However, a total of 17 ribotypes found among the human clinical isolates were also found among the food and environmental isolates. We conclude that L. monocytogenes, including subtypes that have been linked to human disease, can persist in retail environments. Implementation of Listeria control procedures in retail operations, which process and handle products that permit the growth of L. monocytogenes, are thus a critical component of a farm-to-table L. monocytogenes control program.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Bias in the gamma delta T cell response to Listeria monocytogenes. V delta 6.3+ cells are a major component of the gamma delta T cell response to Listeria monocytogenes.

Despite extensive research, the role that gamma delta T cells play in the immune response to infectious disease has yet to be established. Here we report the generation of a mAb specific for the V delta 6.3 TCR and investigate the gamma delta+ and V delta 6.3+ T cell responses to the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes in BALB/c mice. By infecting animals with various doses of Listeria and analyzing the components of the cellular immune response at the two primary sites of infection, the liver and spleen, we have shown that the kinetics, composition, and magnitude of the gamma delta and V delta 6.3 T cell responses are dependent upon the injected dose of bacteria and the organ in which the infection is established. At low doses of infection, the gamma delta T cell response occurs late in the disease course, while at high doses, the response is earlier and of greater magnitude, particularly in the liver. At all infectious doses and in both tissues, the V delta 6.3+ population predominates and together with V delta 4+ cells composes the bulk of the gamma delta T cell response. Changes in the morphology of gamma delta+ and V delta 6.3+ cells at the site of infection are consistent with cellular activation and suggest that these cells are active participants in the Listeria-induced immune response. The results of our study suggest that many features of the gamma delta T cell response to Listeria are dose and tissue related.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in butter from United Kingdom production, retail, and catering premises.

Two recent listeriosis outbreaks involving butter prompted this first cross-sectional study on the prevalence, levels, and types of Listeria species in 3229 samples of butter from production, retail, and catering premises in the United Kingdom during May and June 2004. When the criteria of the Microbiological Guidelines were used, 99.4% of samples were found to be of satisfactory microbiological quality, 0.5% were of acceptable quality, and 0.1% were of unsatisfactory quality as a result of high levels (>100 CFU/g) of Listeria spp. The butter samples with Listeria spp. present at more than 100 CFU/g were negative for L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes was detected in 0.4% (n=13) of samples, all at levels of less than 10 CFU/g, and were therefore of acceptable quality. Butter was contaminated more frequently with Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes, when packed in plastic tubs, when in pack sizes of 500 g or less, when stored or displayed above 8 degrees C, when a hazard analysis system was not in place, and when the manager had received no food hygiene training. This study demonstrates that although butter is regarded as a low-risk product, it may provide an environment for the persistence and growth of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes. The control of L. monocytogenes in food processing and supply systems is critical in order to minimize the potential for this bacterium to be present in foods at the point of consumption at levels hazardous to health.

Butter↗
PubMed2004

Delayed presentation of prosthetic joint infection due to Listeria monocytogenes.

Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is rare and has been described in prosthetic valves, stent grafts and prosthetic joints. The route of infection appears to be haematogenous. The choice between conservative treatment with antibiotics or surgical treatment with debridement and revision of the components remains controversial. The best antibiotic treatment is not known with ampicillin being the first choice in most cases. Prosthetic infections with Listeria monocytogenes usually occur in patients with malignancy, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, liver disease, elderly patients and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The hip is the commonest prosthetic joint affected followed by the knee. We report the seventh case of Listeria monocytogenes infection in a non-immunocompromised patient involving a prosthetic joint.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis].

PURPOSE: Listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis. Controversy exists concerning clinical progress and prognosis in this bacterial infection. However, only a few reports about the clinical features have been previously published in the literature. CASE REPORT: The case of a 24-year-old woman is reported. She developed an endogenous endophthalmitis within 3 weeks. The patient received a pars-plana vitrectomy showing Listeria monocytogenes in the vitreous body. An intensive antibiotic therapy was initiated (local, subconjunctival, intravitreal and systemic). Visual acuity was increased from hand motion to 0.5 by the end of the clinical attendance and to 1.0 three months later. There were no hints concerning systemic manifestation of listeriosis or granuloma formation. CONCLUSION: Frequently, endogenous endophthalmitis has a very poor prognosis. However, the presented case report describes a very prosperous progress of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by an infection with Listeria monocytogenes.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Induction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8 T-cell responses by Listeria monocytogenes and a hyperattenuated Listeria strain engineered to express HIV antigens.

Induction of cell-mediated immunity may be essential for an effective AIDS vaccine. Listeria monocytogenes is an attractive bacterial vector to elicit T-cell immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because it specifically infects monocytes, key antigen-presenting cells, and because natural infection originates at the mucosa. Immunization with recombinant L. monocytogenes has been shown to protect mice from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, influenza virus, and tumor inoculation. L. monocytogenes expressing HIV gag elicits sustained high levels of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in mice. We have examined the ability of Listeria to infect human monocytes and present HIV antigens to CD8 T lymphocytes of HIV-infected donors to induce a secondary T-cell immune response. Using this in vitro vaccination protocol, we show that L. monocytogenes expressing the HIV-1 gag gene efficiently provides a strong stimulus for Gag-specific CTLs in HIV-infected donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Listeria expressing Nef also elicits a secondary in vitro anti-Nef CTL response. Since L. monocytogenes is a pathogen, before it can be seriously considered as a human vaccine vector, safety concerns must be addressed. We therefore have produced a highly attenuated strain of L. monocytogenes that requires D-alanine for viability. The recombinant bacteria are attenuated at least 10(5)-fold. We show that when these hyperattenuated bacteria are engineered to express HIV-1 Gag, they are at least as efficient at stimulating Gag-specific human CTLs in vitro as wild-type recombinants. These results suggest that attenuated Listeria is an attractive candidate vaccine vector to induce T-cell immunity to HIV in humans.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of cytolysins from Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b and Listeria ivanovii.

Several exoproteins from Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b (NCTC 10527) and Listeria ivanovii (ATCC) 19119, SLCC 2379), respectively, have been purified to homogeneity by thiol-disulfide exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Both strains produce a haemolytic/cytolytic protein of Mr 58 kDa, which has all the properties of a SH-activated cytolysin, the prototype of which is streptolysin O (SLO), and this protein has therefore been termed listeriolysin O (LLO). In addition a protein of Mr 24 kDa from culture supernatants of L. ivanovii co-purified with LLO. The N-terminal aminoacid sequences of both proteins from L. ivanovii have been determined. By mutagenesis with transposons of Gram-positive origin (Tn916 and Tn1545), which have been introduced via conjugation into L. ivanovii, several phenotypic mutants (altered haemolysis on sheep blood agar or lecithinase-negative) were obtained. Results on the properties of these mutants will be presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Survey of the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in experimentally irradiated and in matched unirradiated raw chickens.

Listeria spp. were sought in 32 chickens experimentally irradiated (2.5 kGy) and in 25 matched unirradiated chickens. Using the modified Food and Drug Administration method only three of the chickens were positive for L. monocytogenes. Using the more sensitive cold enrichment method 30 were found positive. The proportion of carcasses contaminated with L. monocytogenes was lower in the irradiated birds than in the unirradiated birds. The results also indicated that the numbers of L. monocytogenes in the irradiated birds were lower than in the unirradiated birds. The only other species of Listeria isolated was L. innocua, which was found on 44% of unirradiated chickens, but on none of the irradiated chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Longitudinal studies on Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in two salmon processing plants.

Two plants processing salmon fillets and cold smoked salmon were investigated for occurrence of Listeria in products and the environment. Analyses were conducted for a period of 31 weeks. At plant A, 252 samples were examined of which 97 were from unprocessed fish and 155 from cold-smoked fish. At plant B, 189 samples of unprocessed fish were investigated. The first examination of unprocessed fish at plant A showed a presence of L. monocytogenes and L. spp. in 81% and 19% of the samples respectively. For cold-smoked fish the figures were 43% and 23%. At plant B, L. monocytogenes was isolated in 63% of the samples. During the test period, management at the processing plant initiated various hygiene precautions to improve the sanitary situation. The last batch of analyses of unprocessed fish at plant A showed a presence of L. monocytogenes and L. spp. in 42% and. 33% of the samples respectively. For cold-smoked fish, the figures were 6% and 11%. The isolation figures at plant B for L. monocytogenes and L. spp. were 50% and 17% respectively. The hygienic precautions did not have a significant effect on the presence of L. monocytogenes and L. spp. We suggest that Listeria bacteria are a part of the resident flora and are not eliminated by current cleaning and sanitation programmes. Cold-smoking, however, gave a significant reduction in the isolation of L. monocytogenes (P = 0.0082), while the isolation of L. spp. did not decrease after this process.

Animals↗