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[Gonadotropins before and after LHRH in male infertility (259 cases) (author's transl)].

In primary hypogonadism (n=73) FSH basal levels and responses are elevated. LH basal levels and/or responses are elevated in 68 cases. In idiophatic oligospermia FSH and/or response are elevated in 28% cases, normal in 68% cases, decreased in 4% cases. LH and/or LH response are elevated in 44% cases normal in 53% cases and decreased in 4% cases. High significant correlation is found between FSH basal levels and FSH response, and between FSH and LH response.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1975

[The pulsatile LH fluctuation (spiking) dependent on the circulating prolactin. Studies during physiological (puerperium), functional pathological and TRH induced hyperprolactinemia].

The magnitude and frequency of episodic LH-fluctuations have been observed to change during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. A hypothalamic control center appears to be responsible for these variations. Disturbances of the hypothalamus often make themselves known through a lack of LH-episodes. Ahypothalamic derangement in women with functional amenorrhoea can result in a disregulation of gonadotropins as well as prolactin, thereby leading to hyperprolactinemia. One finds an inverse relationship between high prolactin secretion and cessation of or decreased pulsatile LH-secretion (spiking). LH-spiking was tested in physiological post partum, functional pathological and TRH-induced hyperprolactinemias. No LH-episodes were observed post partum after the end of HCG clearance although prolactin had returned to normal levels at 12 days p.p. The mode of LH-secretion in a group of functionally amenorrhoic patients was changed by a TRH-induced prolactin increase: the previously observed LH-spikes in these women could no longer be seen. Normal cycling women, however, were not affected. In patients with hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndromes, prolactin suppressed LH-fluctuations reappeared after administration of 2-Bromo-alpha-ergocryptin. The inhibitory influence of hyperprolactinemia on the function of the gonadostat will be discussed. High plasma prolactin levels influence the cyclic and tonic hypothalamic function. Furthermore, prolactin appears to have a peripheral inhibitory influence on ovarian gonadotropin stimulation. Post partum anovulation and amenorrhoea can be caused by an antigonadotropic and antigonadic effect of prolactin.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1977

[Central and peripheral actions of an oral contraceptive with reduced oestrogen content (author's transl)].

The action spectrum of an oral contraceptive which contained a reduced amount of the oestrogen component (0.04 mg ethinyl-oestradiol and 2.0 mg lynoestrenol) was investigated in 4 volunteer subjects. Serum levels of LH, 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay and, in addition, the karyopyknotic index and cervical function were studied daily from the 8th day of the cycle. These parameters were determined in a control cycle, in the cycle during administration of the oral contraceptive and in the subsequent treatment-free cycle. Furthermore, the bleeding patterns were studied in 284 treatment cycles of 26 patients. Results of these studies indicate complete contraceptive protection by inhibition of ovulation and by an efficient cervical barrier action already during the first treatment cycle. Withdrawal bleeding was observed 3 to 4 days after ingestion of the last tablet. Spotting was recorded in 11 subjects during the first treatment cycle but was rarely observed during further treatment. Blood loss and bleeding control is comparable to that of other combined oral contraceptives with reduced oestrogen content.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Hormontal treatment of pre-tumorous diseases of the testis in rats].

Tumours and proliferates of the testes from spermatogenic epithelium were treated with estrogens, and those from the interstitial cells-with androgens and 17-hydrosyprogesterone caproate. Depression of the folliculo-stimulating function of the pituitary body with a simultaneous stimulation of the luteinizing hormones (LH) production under the effect of estrogen led to cessation of teratoma and seminoma growth, and to the resolution of the proliferates. When androgens or 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate were used, depression of the LH led to cessation of the tumour growth, and to the resolution of proliferion of proliferates from the interstitial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide on the human ovulatory cycle.

The effect of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide (TCA-A) on pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian hormones was studied in a normally menstruating woman. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well estradiol 17-beta (E2) and progesterone (P), were determined daily in a normal "ovulatory" pretreatment cycle. A total of 160 mg of TCA-A was then administered in four injections over two and a half months. Daily serum levels of LH, FHS, E2, and P were again measured during a period beginning thirty days after the last injection of TCA-A. Cyclicity of all these hormones was absent after treatment. Both LH and FSH were suppressed in the first half of the post-treatment period when compared with the pretreatment ovulatory cycle. A potent corticosteroid such as TCA-A is apparently capable of producing anovulatory cycles in humans by disruption of cyclic pituitary gonadotropin secretion.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of low dose gestagens on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis].

The contraceptive effect of continuous treatment with low dose progestogens (minipill) has been attributed mainly to alterations of the cervical mucus and the endometrium. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of low dose progestogens on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function. Plasma concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteininzing hormone (LH), estradiol-17 beta (E-2) and Progesterone were measured daily during apparently ovulatory menstrual cycles and during treatment cycles with different low dose progestogens. From the results obtained it was concluded that the minipill has a clear-cut effect on the LH/FSH peak at midcycle and on corpus luteum function. A cyclic secretion of E-2 is maintained in the majority of cases. In a few treatment cycles however, follicular maturation was suppressed as indicated by low E-2 concentrations. It was concluded that the minipill exerts a profound effect at the central and ovarian level which contributes to its satisfactory contraceptive efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary-ovarian relationships preceding the menopause. I. A cross-sectional study of serum follice-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone levels.

Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were measured in 58 ovulating women in different age groups (20 to 29, 34 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 50 years) at five- to seven-day intervals through a single menstrual cycle and in 18 postmenopausal women sampled weekly five to six times. The over-all hormone patterns were similar in four premenopausal groups. However, mean serum FSH levels increased with age and significantly higher concentrations were found in the 40 to 50 years group than in the 20 to 29 year group. Serum LH levels did not show a similar rise with age, although follicular LH levels in the oldest group were higher than in the 20 to 29 year group. Prolactin and estradiol concentrations did not change with age prior to the menopause, but luteal progesterone levels were lower in the three older premenopausal groups than in the 20 to 29 year group. Postmenopausal women showed elevated FSH and LH, decreased prolactin, and negligible estradiol and progesterone levels. There was an over-all significant linear correlation between prolactin and estradiol concentrations. It appears that the menopause is preceded by several years of rising gonadotropin, predominantly FSH, levels. During this period, ovarian estrogen production appears to be maintained and ovulation continues, but luteal progesterone levels decline. It is likely that these premenopausal alterations in pituitary-ovarian relationships reflect depletion of ovarian follicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cyclic changes of cervical mucus enzymes related to the time of ovulation II. Amino peptidase and esterase.

The enzymes amino peptidase and esterase were identified in human cervical mucus. Their concentration was serially determined during a menstrual cycle in 5 normal ovulatory women and correlated with the time of ovulation as monitored by the basal body temperature and radioimmunoassay of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, and estradiol (E2). The activity of both enzymes decreased at midcycle just before the LH surge and began to rise after ovulation. The preovulatory decline in enzyme activity was significant for esterase but not for amino peptidase. The site of production and functional significance of these enzymes are not at present identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Temporal relationship between basal body temperature nadir and luteinizing hormone surge in normal women.

Basal body temperature (BBT) as a predictor of ovulation was assessed by examining the temporal relationship between the BBT shift and the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in individual cycles of 27 normal women. For 22 of the subjects, the LH surge occurred on the same day or within one day of the BBT nadir. For the remaining five subjects, the surge fell within 2 days after or 3 days before the nadir. Despite the BBT nadir's close temporal association with the LH surge, daily examination of BBT for the purpose of predicting the day of ovulation during a given cycle is unsatisfactory. By 48 hours following the nadir, when one could usually be certain that temperature elevation had occurred, all subjects had already exhibited the LH surge.

Adult↗