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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Detection of glomerular bleeding by phase-contrast microscopy.

Midstream urine specimens from 303 consecutive patients with haematuria were examined with phase-contrast microscopy to determine whether the source of the haematuria could be predicted on the basis of urinary red-cell morphology. In 253 patients a definite diagnosis was made but the data for the other 50 were inadequate to allow a definite diagnosis. With phase-contrast microscopy the origin of haematuria was considered to be glomerular in 120 patients (115 had proven glomerulonephritis and 5 had lesions of the lower urinary tract) and non-glomerular in 105 patients (100 had lesions of the lower urinary tract and 5 had proven glomerulonephritis). A mixed picture of glomerular and non-glomerular red cells was seen in 28 patients, most commonly in association with IgA nephropathy and renal calculi. The assessment of urinary red-cell morphology by means of phase-contrast microscopy can add importantly to clinical information and, together with the presence of red-cell casts and protein in the urine, can help the clinician decide on initial investigations in patients with haematuria.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1988

[Phase contrast microscopy demonstration of glomerular erythrocytes in urine: practicable in ambulatory practice?].

The use of phase-contrast microscopy in microhematuria, as proposed in 1979 by Birch and Fairley, renders morphological changes in red cells easily detectable and makes it possible to distinguish glomerular from non-glomerular bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicability of this method as a routine laboratory test in ambulatory care. 60 patients with asymptomatic microhematuria (greater than or equal to 2 erythrocytes per high power field) were followed up over a one-year period. All patients were investigated by intravenous pyelography, ultrasound of urinary tract and three cytological examinations of the urine. The description of urine samples was done with phase-contrast microscopy by a first investigator at the beginning of the study and by a second after 12.8 months, blinded to clinical results and previous examinations. In 21 patients a definitive diagnosis was possible. In 18 patients the morphologic descriptions of the two investigators correlated with the clinical results. Only in two patients with established diagnosis there were differences between the urine description of the two investigators, and in one patient the interpretations of both investigators were wrong. These incorrect descriptions concerned patients with low-grade microhematuria. Thus, phase-contrast microscopy is a practicable method for the practitioner's use as a routine laboratory investigation. In low-grade microhematuria the method seems to be of minor value.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2006

Phase behavior of binary mixture of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and water revealed by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy.

Phase behavior of aqueous mixture of imidazolium ionic liquid, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The mixture forms two types of lyotropic liquid-crystalline gels, one is composed of lamellar phase and the other is of hexagonal phase. T-X phase diagram of the mixture was constructed, which defines the regions of various phases appearing in this mixture.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Tissue culture study of adult human retina neurons.

Explant cultures were established from adult human retina tissues obtained from 20 individuals (age range 19-79), 7-45 hr postmortem, and maintained for the period of up to 4 months. Forty percent of these cultures (eight out of 20 cases) produced healthy and viable cultures as judged by phase contrast microscopy and by electron microscopy. Phase contrast microscopic examination of living cultures showed that the early outgrowths of the explants consisted of flat fibroblasts migrating out from the edge of the explants. For the next 2-4 weeks, a large population of small spherical or ovoid cells possessing thin processes was found in the areas of the outgrowth. Electron microscopic examination of cultures revealed the survival of photoreceptors, neurons and synapses with well preserved ultrastructures. This communication is the first to describe the successful culture of adult human CNS neurons in general and adult human retina neurons in particular. This culture system is ideally suited to investigate the effects of infective or toxic agents suspected of causing retinal pathology in human eye diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Placental morphology and clinical correlations in pregnancies complicated by hypertension.

In order to quantify the frequency of placental tissue changes in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and the correlation with the severity of the disease we studied 15 term-placentas of healthy women and 33 placentas of patients with pregnancy hypertension using phase contrast microscopy. Applying microscopy (phase contrast) a total of 50 fields were inspected from 5 different, representative areas of each placenta. We counted the (absolute) number of fields with trophoblastic hyperplasia; trophoblast sprouts; with interstitial edema; with hemorrhagia and with fibrinoid degeneration and necrosis. Trophoblastic hyperplasia as well as interstitial edema were rare in term-placentas of healthy women. Typically in hypertensive pregnancies these findings together with trophoblast sprouts increased proportionally to severity. We conclude that these results indicate a retardation of maturation of placenta tissues in hypertensive pregnancy. Although hemorrhagia and fibrinoid degeneration were observed in all placentas they were more frequent in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. This might be a consequence of changed placental perfusion of the intervillous space. In immature placentas hemorrhagia and fibrinoid degeneration induce additional restriction of placental capacity which seems to be responsible for decreased fetal birth weight and arterial cord pH. When morphological alterations of placenta tissue, e.g. trophoblast sprouts, trophoblast hyperplasia, stroma edema, hemorrhagia and fibrinoid degenerations were quantified and correlated to blood pressure of the mother, we found a positive correlation. Increased numbers of trophoblastic sprouts and trophoblastic hyperplasia indicate a placental immaturity whereas edema, hemorrhagia and degenerations can be taken as the result of elevated blood pressure.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Holes in the reticular lamina after noise exposure: implication for continuing damage in the organ of Corti.

Three different histological techniques (scanning electron microscopy, phase contrast microscopy and light microscopy) were used to examine the organ of Corti after a damaging noise exposure. In the region of maximal injury, all outer hair cells were missing 1-2 h after the exposure had ended. Degenerated hair cells are eventually replaced by phalangeal scars. However, in these short-term recovery ears, a series of holes which were the exact size and shape of the missing outer hair cell apices were found in the reticular lamina. These holes may provide a communication route between the endolymphatic space and the fluid spaces of the organ of Corti for a period of time following a damaging noise exposure. The noise-related degeneration of supporting cells, nerve fibers and even some sensory cells may be secondary to contamination of the fluid spaces with potassium-rich endolymph.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Scanning electron and phase-contrast microscopy of bacterial spores.

The three-dimensional immages of free and intrasporangial spores produced by scanning electron microscopy show surface structures not visible by phase-contrast microscopy. Although fine surface detail is not elucidated by scanning electron microscopy, this technique does afford a definitive picture of the general shape of spores. Spores of Bacillus popilliae, B. lentimorbus, B. thuringiensis, B. alvei, B. cereus, and Sarcina ureae have varying patterns of surface ridge formation, whereas spores of B. larvae, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis have relatively smooth surfaces.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1985

Plasma membranes from adrenal cells: purification and properties.

A method is reported for preparing surface (plasma) membranes from adrenal tumour (Y-1) cells. The procedure is based upon homogenization in hypotonic ZnCl2 followed by sedimentation through two sucrose density gradients. The purified membranes consist of large sheets of membrane. The identity and purity of the membranes was demonstrated by: (1) microscopy (phase contrast and electron); (2) enzyme markers; and (3) functional activities associated with plasma membranes (binding of ACTH and LDL and adenylate cyclase). Phase-contrast microscopy revealed the release of membrane ghosts free from cytoplasm and nuclei. Electron microscopy showed membranes with small fragments of cytoplasm attached to the inside. Binding of ACTH was found to be specific with KD 0.12 nM and the equivalent of 2500 sites per cell. Binding of LDL was also specific with KD 0.5 nM and the equivalent of 4800 sites per cell. Specific activities of binding for ACTH and LDL were increased by 21-fold and 15-fold, respectively, relative to whole homogenate. Membranes were also prepared from beef fasciculata cells by the same method.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of permanent artificial tendon.

The aim of the present study was to develop a porous, silastic tube with filmy wall acting as permanent artificial tendon. Twelve mongrel dogs were used. Peronaeus longus and Tibialis anticus were exposed respectively, divided in two places and sutured in situ. They were covered by the above-mentioned silastic tube. One dog each was sacrificed after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks, and 11 months; specimens were removed. Each preparation was studied as follows: gross observation and light microscopy for tendon preparation; transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and phase microscopy for the pseudosheath. Our study showed that healing of tendon was mainly extrinsic mechanism and that the pseudosheath formed by silastic tube can prevent the adhesion of the surrounding tissue; therefore, use of the artificial tendon including a tendongraft coated with a silastic tube in reconstruction of flexor digital tendon in the hand is procedure feasible. But what the appropriate porous diameter and porous distance are, must be studied further. Tendon gliding mainly depends upon the gliding plane between the composite body of the tendon and the loose connective tissues around it.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗