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PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacologic analysis of the free radical mechanism of poisoning-induced memory disorders].

Ethylene glycol, the pyrethroid pesticide deltametrin, and the m-cholinolytics atropine and scopolamine disturb the formation and storage of signs of memory in rats appraised in the test for conditional reaction of passive and active avoidance. The antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and sodium selenite, the nootropic agent piracetam, and the amino acid L-tryptophan prevent amnesia. Spectrometry of optic density in a "diphenylpicrylhydrazil-drug" model system showed the existence of anti-radical activity in piracetam and L-tryptophan. It is suggested that the anti-amnestic efficacy of piracetam and L-tryptophan is associated, to a certain measure, with their antioxidant properties.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Memory disorders due to extreme exposures and their pharmacological correction].

The review contains the present-day data on new neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of learning and memory processes disturbances induced by such extreme factors as microwaves, hypoxia [correction of hyghproxia], motion sickness, electro-convulsive shock, etc. The main attention is concentrated on the role of some nootropic drugs in preventing the memory-impairing effect of all these extreme factors. The current concept of the mechanisms action of the nootropics in these extreme conditions is discussed.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1982

Memory disorders following focal neocortical damage.

Two aspects of memory defects following circumscribed neocortical lesionare considered. First, the selective impairment involving one category of stimuli (e.g. faces, colours) or a specific mnestic ability (spatial orientation). The deficit affects "new" as well as "old" memories and suggests that engrams are located in discrete cortical areas. The second issue concerns the relation of the hemispheric side of lesion to memory of non-verbal visual material, as a function of the differential utilization of the visual and verbal code in carrying out the task. Short-term memory tests are performed poorly by aphasics. In long-term memory tests, the performance depends on the nature of the task; in the early stages of paired-associate learning aphasics are impaired, on recurring figure recognition no hemispheric difference emerges, on sequential memory right brain-damaged patients have the poorest scores.

Agnosia↗