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PubMed2001

Preliminary results on the effect of power ultrasound on nitrogen oxide and dioxide atmosphere in nitric acid solutions.

The effect of ultrasound (20 kHz, 3 W cm-2) on the kinetics of HNO2 and H2O2 formation was investigated in a 1 M HNO3 medium for NO2-Ar and NO-Ar gas mixtures in various volume fractions (f(NO2) < 1.7 vol% and f(NO) < 1.1 vol%, respectively). The H2O2 formation rate measured in 1 M HNO3 in the presence of N2H5NO3 was observed to be much lower than that of HNO2 without N2H5NO3, and was relatively independent of the NO2 or NO gas volume fractions in the argon atmosphere. The HNO2 formation rate increased under ultrasound, and was higher with NO than with NO2. The induction period observed without ultrasound disappeared when ultrasound was applied. The first step in the sonochemical mechanism of HNO2 formation in the presence of NO2 involves thermal decomposition of NO2 into NO within the cavitation bubble. In the second step of HNO2 formation, NO reacts either with HNO3 in the cavitation bubble, or with NO2 in the cavitation bubble or at the bubble/solution interface.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

An efficient nitration of light alkanes and the alkyl side-chain of aromatic compounds with nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide.

Nitration of light alkanes and the alkyl side-chain of aromatic compounds with NO(2) and HNO(3) was successfully achieved by the use of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst under relatively mild conditions. For example, the nitration of propane with NO(2) catalyzed by NHPI at 100 degrees C for 14 h gave 2-nitropropane in good yield without formation of 1-nitropropane and cleaved products such as nitroethane and nitromethane. Various aliphatic nitroalkanes, which are difficult to prepare by conventional methods, could be selectively obtained by means of the present methodology by using NHPI as the key catalyst. In addition, the side-chain nitration of alkylbenzenes such as toluene was selectively carried out to lead to alpha-nitrotoluene without the ring nitration. The present reaction provides an efficient selective method for the nitration of light alkanes and alkylbenzenes, which has been very difficult to carry out so far.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Successful DTPA therapy in the case of 239Pu penetration via injured skin exposed to nitric acid.

This paper presents results of the radiological study and DTPA therapy for a worker exposed to a plutonium nitrate solution. Plutonium levels were measured in excreta, blood, plasma and wound for several weeks. Plutonium renal clearance ranged from 110-190 ml min(-1) to 3-4 ml min(-1) at different stages of chelation therapy. Plutonium absorption into blood from the injured skin amounted to 4.3%. As a result of intensive therapy, 96% of absorbed plutonium was successfully excreted.

Administration, Topical↗