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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided neurosurgery in the magnetic fringe fields: the next step in neuronavigation.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the development of an alternative approach to intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMR)-guided neurosurgery and report our initial experience with 22 craniotomies and 16 brain biopsies. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are examined. METHODS: An iMR suite houses a 0.2-T open configuration system (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) and is equipped with anesthetic gases and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible anesthesia machine and monitor. Standard operating instruments and equipment were tested for safety and compatibility in the magnetic fringe fields surrounding the open MRI system. We then performed brain biopsies and craniotomies in the iMR suite. RESULTS: Standard operating equipment functioned properly in the 0.5- to 10-mT zone and was not affected by the magnet's attractive force. Twenty-two craniotomies and 16 brain biopsies were performed in the interventional suite, using serial intraoperative MRI guidance, without injury to patients or operating room staff. CONCLUSION: Full neurosurgical procedures may be performed in the weak fringe fields surrounding an MRI system, using standard operating room equipment. This approach to iMR-guided neurosurgery offers a significant cost advantage over retrofitting an entire operative suite with "MRI-compatible" surgical equipment. The surgeon's familiarity with standard equipment and the reliability of the equipment are additional advantages. Neurosurgery in the fringe fields allows the neurosurgeon to utilize serial MRI with a minimum of inconvenience, disruption, and change to the standard neurosurgical procedure. Serial intraoperative imaging to visualize the changes in the brain that are associated with neurosurgical intervention seems to enhance the ability to safely and effectively accomplish neurosurgical goals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Intracranial neuronavigation with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This is an invited review regarding the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in the neurosurgical setting. The medical literature evaluating the intraoperative use of magnetic resonance imaging for neurosurgery has increased steadily since the implementation of this technique 10 years ago. The present review discusses recent findings and the current use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in neurosurgery with special emphasis on the quality of available evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: Intraoperative use of magnetic resonance imaging is a safe technique that enables the neurosurgeon to update data sets for navigational systems, to evaluate the extent of tumor resection and modify surgery if necessary, to guide instruments to the site of the lesion, and to evaluate the presence of intraoperative complications at the end of surgery. Although recent findings support the safety and efficacy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for the above-mentioned purposes, there is no convincing evidence regarding its prognostic significance in the neurosurgical setting. SUMMARY: Although the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in neurosurgery has increased significantly within the last 10 years, currently there are less than two dozen dedicated intraoperative units in the United States. The popularization of this technique depends on both economic justification and high-quality scientific evidence supporting its prognostic importance regarding patient outcome.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2000

[Neuronavigation in pediatric neurosurgery].

The precise orientation in the intracranial space is essential for the minimal invasive neurosurgical interventions. The CT and MR based neuro-navigation permits small, targeted exposures on the skull, and intraoperatively gives exact graphic-interactive guidance to the targeted intracranial lesions. The use of neuro-navigation can shorten the time of surgery and diminish the surgical mortality and morbidity. The favourable experiences of the first 21 neuro-navigation aided operations in pediatric patients performed in the National Institute of Neurosurgery (Budapest, Hungary) with the Vector Vision Neuro-navigation System (BrainLAB Gmbh, Germany) are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Clinical fluoroscopic fiducial-based registration of the vertebral body in spinal neuronavigation.

We present a system involving a computer-instrumented fluoroscope for the purpose of 3D navigation and guidance using pre-operative diagnostic scans as a reference. The goal of the project is to devise a computer-assisted tool that will improve the accuracy, reduce risk, minimize the invasiveness, and shorten the time it takes to perform a variety of neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures of the spine. For this purpose we propose an apparatus that will track surgical tools and localize them with respect to the patient's 3D anatomy and pre-operative 3D diagnostic scans using intraoperative fluoroscopy for in situ registration and embedded fiducials. Preliminary studies have found a fiducial registration error (FRE) of 1.41 mm and a Target Localization Error (TLE) of 0.48 mm. The resulting system leverages equipment already commonly available in the operating room (OR), providing an important new functionality that is free of many current limitations, while keeping costs contained.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2001

Quantification of the gravity-dependent change in the C-arm image center for image compensation in fluoroscopic spinal neuronavigation.

In the quest to develop a viable, frameless spinal navigation system, many researchers are utilizing the C-arm fluoroscope. However, there is a significant problem with the C-arm that must be quantified: the gravity-dependent sag effect resulting from the geometry of the C-arm and aggravated by the inequity of weight at each end of the C-arm. This study quantified the C-arm sag effect, giving researchers the protocol and data needed to develop a program that accounts for this distortion. The development of spinal navigation algorithms that account for the C-arm sag effect should produce a more accurate spinal navigation system.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2001

Neuronavigational epilepsy focus mapping.

The localization of a seizure focus for resective surgery often requires invasive monitoring for precise localization of the target as well as structures to avoid. We report on the use of intra-operative surgical navigation to precisely localize and co-register subdural electrodes to regions of know radiographic pathology. Additionally, the navigation system was used to develop intra-operative electrode maps. These maps were subsequently used in the sub-acute recording phase to assign electrographic pathology and function (e.g. speech) to a specific cortical surface anatomy. This permitted for more precise planning of surgery and better assessment of potential risk, based on functional as well as anatomical criterion.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2001

[Spinal neuronavigation. Our experience].

The spinal column has been considered ideal for guided surgery due to its stable anatomical structure and notable reference points which are perfectly distinguishable both in computer tomography (C.T.) images and in the surgical field. Our main objective was to apply this technique to the conventional transpedicular fusion surgery. During the last year (1999), 13 males and 26 females, with an average of 47.1, + 14.1 years were operated because of degenerative discopathy (9 cases) degenerative discopathy associated to listhesis (7 cases) and spinal canal stenosis (8 cases). All of them were operated according to a preestablished protocol using the Brain Lab Image Guided System. The preestablished protocol could not be applied in 3 patients. Of the 36 patients, only in 22 cases (61%), a properly navigation was obtained. In these cases 116 screws were used: 108 (93%) strictly intrapediculars. In the other 14 patients, without Guided Surgery, it was used 76 screws: 65 (86%) were strictly intrapediculars. In our opinion Guided Spine Surgery, offers an accuracy and reliability to reduce the margin of error in the Transpedicular location of the Spine Fusion Systems.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Neuronavigation in interventional MR imaging. Frameless stereotaxy.

The main thrust of diagnostic MR imaging is to discern normal and pathologic patient morphology and function. Intraprocedural imaging, however, serves a different goal: to furnish the surgeon or interventionalist with updates on intraoperative changes and how they may modify preintervention data. Although researchers have not established whether MR image-guided therapy can improve clinical outcomes and reduce complication rates definitively, the intraoperative and preoperative data generated will improve the ability of every neurosurgeon to navigate in the surgical field more accurately.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Neuronavigation in interventional MR imaging. Prospective stereotaxy.

A practical MR imaging-based guidance/control methodology has been developed successfully and validated for improving the performance of stereotactic neurosurgerical procedures such as brain lesion biopsy. The use of the device and method in 40 routine MR-guided procedures has revealed its potential as an alternative approach. Superior to the traditional stereotactic systems, which rely on the old images, the new method, based on prospective guidance, can provide good and acceptable targeting accuracy in the presence of brain shift. Furthermore, the use of MR monitoring of the overall neurosurgical procedure provides another independent assurance for the success of a complicated surgery. The advantages of the new surgical guidance system and method are simple and compatible with the existing capabilities of conventional MR scanners. More importantly, it allows a more effective surgical guidance in the presence of brain shift during the typical neurosurgery. Another important advantage of the guidance method and device is the performance of a truly MR-guided neurosurgical procedure in a conventional, short bore high field MR scanner. Surgical procedures using the guidance system and method have been accepted by radiologists and neurosurgeons as an attractive MR-based stereotactic approach. It can be expected that this guidance scheme will be a useful addition to the MR-based stereotactic system for neurosurgery, and animal research, in which cumbersome stereotactic frames have been used.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1993

[Identification of the central sulcus using magnetoencephalography and neuronavigator].

The brain-generated currents that produce potentials measured by the electroencephalogram also produce magnetic fields which can be measured by the magnetoencephalogram (MEG), N 20 compatible evoked field after median nerve stimulation is known to be generated in primary sensory cortex. Using MEG with 37 channel SQUIDs, a current dipole is back traced which corresponds to the sensory cortex. When the dipole is projected onto the MRI of the same patient, the primary sensory cortex is precisely identified in the MRI images. These data were used as the key images for navigator enabling a surgeon identify the central cortex in the surgical field. Seven patients with peri-central mass lesion (3 meningiomas, 1 metastatic tumors, 1 angiomas, 2 gliomas) underwent surgery under MEG-navigator method. In every case, the central sulcus and motor cortex were easily identified on the cortex and the tumor was removed as far as possible preserving the motor strip. There were no postoperative worsening of the motor paresis and no other complications were noticed. The method which combines the MEG functional mapping and navigator was considered to be a powerful tool in surgery of the pericentral mass lesions.

Adult↗