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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Oral syphilis--re-emergence of an old disease with oral manifestations.

Three representative cases of oral primary syphilis are presented. We wish to highlight the resurgence of this disease, which has occurred recently in the western world, particularly in Europe and the United States of America. Since the initial presentation may be oral, it is important to include syphilis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting to oral diagnostic clinics with atypical oral ulceration. Recent developments in the serological diagnostic tests and treatment are reviewed. Early diagnosis and treatment has significant implications, not only for the patient, but also for previous and future transmission to contacts. Early syphilis is a highly infectious disease in which the lesions heal spontaneously, despite inappropriate treatment which may appear curative, and yet the patient remains infectious. It is therefore important that clinicians maintain a high clinical index of suspicion and crucial that an accurate diagnosis be made at presentation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Oral manifestations of drug therapy.

The oral cavity may be the target organ for a number of diverse abnormalities that develop from side effects of medications. Because of the widespread and increasing use of prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal remedies, it is becoming increasingly likely that the dentist will encounter soft tissue or dental pathologies that represent a complication of a therapeutic agent. The more common abnormalities that may occur include gingival hyperplasia, tooth discoloration, candidiasis, chemical injuries, and altered taste perception. The dental practitioner is often the primary health care provider who can recognize, diagnose, treat, and/or prevent these conditions.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1989

Glossodynia as an oral manifestation of diabetes mellitus.

The oral signs and symptoms of glossodynia and xerostomia present a diagnostic problem for the clinician. One of the etiologic considerations in the differential diagnosis should be diabetes mellitus. When diabetes mellitus is suspected, appropriate blood tests should be ordered. If diabetes mellitus is the cause, proper control of the disease will minimize these and other complications and improve the patient's quality of life.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1989

EBV and HSV infections in a patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation: oral manifestations and diagnosis by in situ nucleic acid hybridization.

The course of infections with herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus in an immunosuppressed patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation and had tested seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus is described. The clinical oral manifestations were unusual, as they included hairy leukoplakia-like lesions and extensive mucosal ulceration. Histologic examination disclosed unique features consisting of both lichenoid and viral cytopathic changes. The association of the lesions with both Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus was confirmed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The importance of recognition of the symptoms, specific diagnosis by DNA hybridization, and implications for antiviral prophylaxis and therapy are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Computer assisted learning (CAL) of oral manifestations of HIV disease.

General dental practitioners (GDPs) in the UK may wish additional education on relevant aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. The aim of the present study was to develop and assess a computer assisted learning package on the oral manifestations of HIV disease of relevance to GDPs. A package was developed using a commercially-available software development tool and assessed by a group of 75 GDPs interested in education and computers. Fifty-four (72%) of the GDPs completed a self-administered questionnaire of their opinions of the package. The majority reported the package to be easy to load and run, that it provided clear instructions and displays, and that it was a more effective educational tool than videotapes, audiotapes, professional journals and textbooks, and of similar benefit as post-graduate courses. The GDPs often commented favourably on the effectiveness of the clinical images and use of questions and answers, although some had criticisms of these and other aspects of the package. As a consequence of this investigation the package has been modified and distributed to GDPs in England and Wales.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Severe oral manifestations of chronic graft-vs.-host disease.

BACKGROUND: Graft-vs.-host-disease, or GVHD, is the main cause of morbidity in patients who have received bone marrow transplants. Chronic GVHD, or cGVHD, occurs 100 days or more after the transplant procedure and may take the form of various oral manifestations. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 23-year-old woman received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Although prophylactic therapy was provided, the patient developed cGVHD. Appropriate therapy was initiated, and it received a good clinical response at all sites affected by cGVHD, except in the oral cavity. The patient received complete symptomatic relief through revised systemic therapy, improved oral hygiene, use of topical medications and a monitored diet. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Effective intervention by dentists is an important part of increasing treatment effectiveness and improving quality of life in patients who received bone marrow transplants.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Oral manifestations of Menkes' kinky hair syndrome.

Menkes' Kinky Hair Syndrome (MKHS) comprises an array of clinical manifestations including hair shaft abnormalities, epidermal hypopigmentation, and progressive cerebral degeneration that are transmitted as an X-linked recessive disorder affecting copper transport pathways in primarily young males. The oral manifestations of MKHS are scantly reported to include the presence of gingival enlargement and delayed eruption of primary teeth. The purpose of this report is to present a case of MKHS describing the intraoral clinical findings.

Gingival Overgrowth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations caused by the linear IgA disease.

The Linear IgA deposit related disease or Linear IgA disease (LAD) is a chronic, uncommon and autoimmunological mucocutaneous disease, characterised by linear IgA deposits along the basement membrane zone. In mainly cases, moreover cutaneous lesions, there are oral mucosal and other mucosal lesions. There are also, some cases published of Linear IgA disease limited to oral mucosa. The known of this disease is important for the establishment of a correct differential diagnosis in cases of blistering mucocutaneous diseases. In this paper, we analyze the most important features of this disease, attending specially to the oral manifestations.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1994

The head and neck radiotherapy patient: Part 1--Oral manifestations of radiation therapy.

The incidence of head and neck cancer increases annually in the United States, and radiation therapy is frequently a primary or adjunctive mode of therapy. As the number of radiotherapy patients rises, the need for proper detection, diagnosis, and treatment of oral lesions likewise increases. Depending on tumor site and size, radiation dosage, and preexisting oral conditions, a variety of oral radiation side effects may be present. These range from mild and reversible changes to severe and potentially disfiguring or life-threatening alterations. This article, in two parts, will review the oral manifestations of cancer radiation therapy and appropriate management techniques.

Cranial Irradiation↗
PubMed1992

Oral manifestations of HIV infection in children.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was first recognized in children in 1983 and has now assumed the proportions of a major public health challenge. This article briefly reviews, on the basis of the literature, the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical and immunologic characteristics, and prognosis of HIV infection in children. The clinical oral manifestations in children are described on the basis of the literature and the personal observations of HIV-infected pediatric patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Oral manifestations of triple A syndrome.

Triple A (four A; Allgrove syndrome) syndrome is a an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by alacrimia, achalasia, adrenocortical insufficiency, and various neurological abnormalities. We report a case of triple A syndrome in a 14-year-old female patient together with oral manifestations. The importance of this case report is to highlight the necessity of referring the young patients with xerostomia from dental to medical specialists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Dental and oral manifestations of sclerosteosis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Documentation of the oral and dental manifestations of Sclerosteosis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Sclerosteosis is a member of the family of genetic craniotubular hyperostoses. This severe progressive sclerosing bone dysplasia has important orofacial manifestations and a wide geographical distribution. Comprehensive oral and dental evaluation of eight affected adults in the Afrikaner community of South Africa was undertaken. RESULTS: Gross asymmetrical hypertrophy of the mandible was present in all eight patients, bilateral or unilateral facial paralysis with weakness of facial muscles due to facial nerve entrapment was present in six. Drooling of saliva and difficulties with mastication were frequent problems in these persons. The teeth were structurally and mechanically normal although there was partial anodontia in two patients and delayed eruption in another. Maxillary (palatal) and mandibular tori were present in every affected person. Due to the hyperostosis of the maxilla and mandible, tooth extraction was often a very difficult matter. There were no instances of post-extraction osteomyelitis of the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate differentiation of sclerosteosis from the other sclerosing bone dysplasias is crucial for effective dental prognostication and management.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Policy for prevention of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS: the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Program.

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has become a human and social disaster, particularly affecting the developing countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. By the end of 2004, about 40 million people were estimated to be infected by HIV globally. The health sectors in many affected countries are facing severe shortages of human and financial resources, and are struggling to cope with the growing impact of HIV/AIDS. In most developed countries, the availability of antiretroviral treatment has resulted in a dramatic reduction in HIV/AIDS-related mortality and morbidity. In contrast, in the developing countries, there is little access to treatment, and access to HIV-prevention services is poor. The '3 by 5' initiative was launched by the WHO and UNAIDS in 2003 with the aim of providing antiretrovirals to three million people in developing countries by the year 2005. HIV infection has a significant negative impact on oral health, with approximately 40-50% of HIV-positive persons developing oral fungal, bacterial, or viral infections early in the course of the disease. Oral health services and professionals can contribute effectively to the control of HIV/AIDS through health education and health promotion, patient care, effective infection control, and surveillance. The WHO Global Oral Health Program has strengthened its work for prevention of HIV/AIDS-related oral disease. The WHO co-sponsored conference, Oral Health and Disease in AIDS, held in Phuket, Thailand (2004), issued a declaration calling for action by national and international health authorities. The aim is to strengthen oral health promotion and the care of HIV-infected persons, and to encourage research on the impact that HIV/AIDS, public health initiatives, and surveillance have on oral health.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1987

AIDS and the oral cavity. Epidemiology and clinical oral manifestations of human immune deficiency virus infection: a review.

Since the first patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were seen in 1981, the disease has been recognized as an epidemic, now considered a major health threat. This article reviews, on the basis of the literature and personal observations of 120 human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, some aspects of the HIV (HTLV III/LAV) infection with emphasis on epidemiology and clinical aspects. The clinical oral manifestations include 5 groups of lesions: fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, neoplasms and lesions of unknown etiology. In total, these 5 groups comprise 34 different lesions of the oral cavity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Oral manifestations in Cowden's syndrome. Report of four cases.

Cowden's syndrome or multiple hamartoma and neoplasia syndrome is a hereditary disorder combining multiple hamartomas of many organs. These hamartomas are derived from ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal tissues and may undergo spontaneous malignant changes. Small papular cutaneous lesions and papillomatous outgrowth and papular lesions of the oral mucosa are the most predominant features of the syndrome. Since the orocutaneous lesions often precede the associated malignant degenerations, they may serve as a diagnostic signal for the probably developing neoplasia in other organs. The presence of extensive papillomatous and papular lesions in the oral mucosa combined with skin lesions should therefore alert the clinician to suspect the presence of Cowden's syndrome, the early diagnosis of which is important in order that the concomitant malignant changes might be discovered at the earliest possible moment. Four cases of Cowden's disease are presented, with emphasis on the oral manifestations of this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Oral manifestations of bulimia nervosa.

Bulimia nervosa is a psychological compulsive eating disorder that appears to be affecting a growing number of young women. It is characterized by repeated episodes of binge-eating followed by vomiting or some other purging behavior. Bulimia is accompanied by a number of physiological disturbances, some of which occur in the oral cavity. The present article reviews the major characteristics of bulimia nervosa, and describes the most significant oral manifestations of this disorder along with their reported incidences and etiologies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The oral manifestations of intestinal lymphangiectasia: case report.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder or acquired condition that leads to lymph obstruction, poor chyle transport, and concomitant problems of hypoproteinemia, lymphocytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and peripheral edema. Patients develop diarrhea, steatorrhea, and hypocalcemia secondary to fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption. Treatment is a restrictive diet of low fat, medium chain triglycerides. Oral manifestations are gingivitis due to poor PMN function and enamel defects due to poor calcium absorption. A case of a 14-year-old boy with both gingival and enamel problems secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia is reported.

Adolescent↗