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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Orbital aspiration as treatment of microphthalmos with orbital cyst: a case report.

A 6-month-old girl came to the hospital with swelling of the right lower eyelid, exophthalmos, chemosis and upward deviation of the eyeball--all of which had been present since birth. Iris, optic disc, and chorioretinal coloboma were also apparent. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small globe with a large cystic lesion in the orbit of the right eye. Pre- and post-operative photographs and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a safe, simple single orbital aspiration as an alternative treatment for mild microphthalmos with an orbital cyst.

Cysts↗
PubMed1990

[Orbital abscess as a complication of orbital cellulitis. Diagnostic value of C.A.T].

We present a case of "orbital abscess"--uncommon and severe complication of "orbital cellulitis"--in a 2 year-old female, and we consider about the etiology and pathogenesis of this process. The treatment of "orbital cellulitis" requires adequate parenteral antibiotic therapy and judicious surgical intervention, which should be planned with the results of computerized tomography in mind.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Orbital measurements in Zairian children. Inner canthal, outer orbital, inter-pupillary distances and proptosis].

Measurements of outer orbital distance, inner canthal distance and of interpupillary distance and proptosis were performed on 95 healthy Zairian subjects. The subjects were aged from 2 1/2 to 18 years. There were 47 boys (mean age +/- SD, 9.74 +/- 4.4 years) and 48 girls (mean age +/- SD, 9.07 +/- 4.1 years). No statistically significant difference was found between the two sexes for the mean age. Subjects were divided in four age groups: the first age group included children aged from 2 1/2 to 6 years (mean age +/- SD, 4.62 +/- 1.31 years), the second age group included children aged from 7 to 10 years (mean age, 8.32 +/- 1.22 years), the third included subjects aged from 11 to 14 years (mean age +/- SD, 12 +/- 1.06 years) and the fourth included subjects aged from 15 to 18 years (mean age +/- SD, 17 +/- 3 years). The measurements were performed with the Hertel exophthalmometer for the proptosis and the outer orbital distance, with the pupillometer model PD-2 meter for the interpupillary distance; with a ruler for the inner canthal distance. The mean +/- SD inner canthal was 27.4 +/- 2.7 mm for the first age group, 29.7 +/- 3.1 mm for the second age group, 30 +/- 2.4 mm for the third age group and 32.2 +/- 3.1 mm for the fourth age group. The mean +/- SD outer orbital was 100.0 +/- 4.4 mm for the first age group, 106.5 +/- 4.6 mm for the second age group, 111.7 +/- 6.8 mm for the third age group and 118.5 +/- 6.4 mm for the fourth age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Generation of orbitals that control molecular reactivity: projected reactive orbital approach.

A method that generalizes the notion of frontier orbital (FO) theory is introduced. The method is based on the projected reactive orbitals (PROs). Although PROs have been shown to describe local reactivity better than FOs in high-symmetry systems, the PRO method needs an arbitrary choice of a reference atomic orbital (AO), causing ambiguity of the method and poor applicability to low-symmetry molecules. To overcome these difficulties, we examined three different kinds of methods for uniquely determining the reference AO, one of which (Method 1) was reported by other authors (Kurita, Y.; Takayama, C. J. Phys. Chem. A 1997, 101, 5593-5595). We specifically applied the methods to the prediction of basicities of heteroaromatic amines. The study showed that the newly developed reactivity-index maximization method (Method 3) yields the most reasonable PRO.

Amines↗
PubMed2006

Orbital-corrected orbital-free density functional theory.

A new implementation of density functional theory (DFT), namely orbital-corrected orbital-free (OO) DFT, has been developed. With at most two non-self-consistent iterations, OO-DFT accomplishes the accuracy comparable to fully self-consistent Kohn-Sham DFT as demonstrated by its application on the cubic-diamond Si and the face-centered-cubic Ag systems. Our work provides a new impetus to further improve orbital-free DFT method and presents a robust means to significantly lower the cost associated with general applications of linear-scaling Kohn-Sham DFT methods on large systems of thousands of atoms within different chemical bonding environment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Structure of transition-metal cluster compounds: Use of an additional orbital resulting from the f, g character of spd bond orbitals.

A general theory of the structure of complexes of the transition metals is developed on the basis of the enneacovalence of the metals and the requirements of the electroneutrality principle. An extra orbital may be provided through the small but not negligible amount of f and g character of spd bond orbitals, and an extra electron or electron pair may be accepted in this orbital for a single metal or a cluster to neutralize the positive electric charge resulting from the partial ionic character of the bonds with ligands, such as the carbonyl group. Examples of cluster compounds of cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and gold are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Orbital freezing and orbital glass state in FeCr2S4.

Low-temperature specific heat measurements and dielectric spectroscopy have been performed on polycrystalline and single-crystalline FeCr2S4, the single crystals showing a transition into a low-temperature orbital glass phase. The freezing of the orbital moments is revealed by a glasslike specific heat anomaly and by a clear relaxational behavior of the dielectric permittivity, exhibiting several hallmark features of glassy dynamics. The orbital relaxation dynamics continuously slows down over six decades in time, before at the lowest temperatures the glass transition becomes suppressed by quantum tunneling.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated lesion of the medial orbital wall following endonasal surgery. Isolated fractures of the medial orbital wall.

BACKGROUND: Isolated fractures of the medial orbital wall are infrequent. The diagnostic triad includes: adduction block, exotropia with diplopia in all directions of gaze, positive passive duction in abduction. Sometimes a slight enophthalmos is present. Computed tomography shows the extension and the seat of the fracture. CASE REPORT: The authors illustrate the case of a 60 year old male who presented with a breach of the medial orbital wall following endonasal surgery. RESULTS: The patient was successfully operated using an iliac bone graft inserted via an eyebrow-nasal cutaneous approach, after a previous attempt with a transconjunctival approach performed in another hospital had failed. A good functional and aesthetic result was observed within the first year after surgery. After almost 11 years a full adduction is still present and diplopia is absent. CONCLUSION: The authors underline the importance of an early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. The fat-muscle entrapment should be removed and the bone defect closed. A close cooperation between ophthalmologist and plastic surgeon is suggested.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1999

Solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit: a poorly-recognized orbital lesion.

PURPOSE: The authors report three cases with solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the orbit with variable clinical presentation. METHODS: The authors identified three patients with a diagnosis of SFT, and clinical histories, radiographs and pathologic specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: Two SFTs are reported arising in the lacrimal gland fossa of a 24-year-old male and a 26-year-old female and a retrobulbar SFT is reported occurring in a 40-year-old female. While two patients had slow growth histories, one patient had a history of rapid progression. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for CD34 in all three cases. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of the orbital SFT may be varied. Immunohistochemical analysis may help in the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor and the treatment is en bloc excision. A careful follow-up is necessary because it may recur years after excision of the primary tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expanded superficial temporalis fascial flap for orbital reconstruction in a postirradiated orbit: a patient report.

The temporalis musculofascial flap can be pre-expanded to increase its area prior to transfer. The large size of the preexpanded flap enabled orbital reconstruction to be carried out in a postirradiated orbit in a three-year-old girl. The flap was split, transferred in two parts, and covered with a buccal mucosal graft. A prosthetic shell was satisfactorily fitted postoperatively.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Idiopathic orbital inflammation (orbital inflammatory pseudotumour): an unusual cause of transient ischaemic attack.

A patient with idiopathic inflammation of the right orbit, established by biopsy, developed episodes of transient left sensorimotor hemiparesis. Neuroimaging showed intracranial extension of the disease with pronounced narrowing of the right internal carotid artery in its intracavernous portion. Oral cyclophosphamide induced gradual improvement. Transient ischaemic attack is rarely found in association with orbital disease and indicates possible intracranial extension.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Orbital cellulitis due to occult orbital lymphangioma.

A 12-year-old female patient with atypical orbital and periorbital cellulitis was found to have an occult lymphangioma of the orbit. Recognition of this entity provided an explanation for the atypical features of the case and guided appropriate medical management.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1989

Superior and transantral orbital decompression procedures. Effects on increased intraorbital pressure and orbital dynamics.

Eight superior and eight transantral decompressions were performed in 16 fresh cadaver orbits in which intraorbital pressure was experimentally increased by adding 12 mL of volume to an intraorbital balloon. Each decompression yielded a mean pressure decrease of 225 mm Hg (85% of the total) in experimentally induced intraorbital pressure. The maximal pressure decrease occurred after the removal of the first complete orbital wall. However, incision of the periorbita was most effective in achieving globe recession and a decrease in exophthalmos. Although the steps of the superior and transantral decompression techniques are not comparable, there was no statistically significant difference between the total net pressure decreases achieved.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

Orbital venous approach to the cavernous sinus: an analysis of the facial and orbital venous system.

Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus produced by a rupture of the wall of the carotid artery or one of its branches into the sinus. Extradural branches of the internal or external carotid arteries may communicate with the cavernous sinus, producing proptosis, progressive glaucoma, and ocular vascular engorgement. Various approaches to obliterate these fistulas have evolved, many of which carry high morbidity or are precluded by anatomical considerations. Analysis of the venous anatomy of the orbit and face, including human cadaver dissections, reveals a new and safe approach to the cavernous sinus, requiring microsurgical isolation and cannulation of the superior ophthalmic vein through an anterior orbital approach. Selective embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula can be performed successfully through this route. We present pertinent anatomy and technical considerations and the successful clinical application of these principles. Surgeons familiar with craniofacial anatomy and microvascular techniques can apply these principles and play an active role in the treatment of these complex problems.

Aged↗