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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A review of rituximab in cutaneous medicine.

The rituximab antibody is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B lymphocytes. Rituximab is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rituximab is also commonly used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Rituximab is an effective treatment for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and other cutaneous lymphomas. Rituximab is an effective treatment for mixed cryoglobulinemia. Rituximab is a promising treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, pemphigus, vasculitis, and a variety of hematologic diseases. Black-box warnings on rituximab include fatal infusion reactions, tumor lysis syndrome, and severe mucocutaneous reactions. A variety of cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and hematologic side effects can occur. It commonly causes mild cutaneous side effect and rarely has caused paraneoplastic pemphigus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, lichenoid dermatitis, vesiculobullous dermatitis, and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[Psychiatric complications of corticotherapy].

Corticosteroid therapy may induce numerous psychiatric disorders. Minor changes of the euphoric mood type are observed in 75% of the patients under treatment. Major adverse effects are encountered in not more than about 5% of the cases. They consist of acute polymorphous psychotic manifestations which may be manic or depressive or, when high doses of corticosteroids are taken, of the organic confusion type. Such manifestations are particularly frequent in women and in some diseases such as lupus erythematosus or pemphigus. In the vast majority of cases they follow a favourable course when corticosteroids are reduced or discontinued and a symptomatic treatment with neuroleptic drugs is prescribed. Psychic dependence on corticosteroids and withdrawal syndromes have also been reported.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

[Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase: a comparison for sensitivity in cutaneous immunopathology (author's transl)].

A comparative study of the sensitivities of the immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxydase (IPo) techniques was undertaken. The material used was biopsies of various skin lesions and especially pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus and dermatitis herpetiformis. Direct and indirect methods were performed for the detection of fixed immunoglobulins and complement deposits. With large deposits, immunoperoxydase and immunofluorescence show an equal sensibility and the labeling obtained with IPo is never more intensive than the labeling obtained with IF. In contrast, with small deposits, IPo was less sensitive than IF and appears negative in the majority of the cases and especially in dermatitis herpetiformis. These results are confirmed in using increasing dilutions of conjugates and can be explained by the difficulty in doing the observation of small positive deposits with IPo.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1980

[Autoallergic drug exanthemas].

A short discussion of known facts on iatrogenic autoallergic dermatoses of the pemphigus and lupus erythematosus type followed by the clinical, histological and immunological data of a subepidermal autoallergic bullous dermatosis in two children after anticonvulsive treatment with primidon.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1981

[Circulating immune complexes in skin disease patients. Study and literature data (author's transl)].

Circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) were investigated in 244 patients with various skin diseases and 100 healthy subjects. C.I.C. were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, firstly proposed by Digeon et al. using the precipitation by polyethylene glycol (PEG 3,5 p. 100) and the determination by laser nephelometry of complement component C4 in sera and in precipitates. The percentage of C4 precipitated and of positive subjects were significantly increased in numerous cutaneous diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and lichen planus. Two cases of dermatomyositis, 3 cases of post herpetic erythema multiformis and 2 cases of Kaposi-Juliusberg syndroma were also positives but no definite conclusion can be given because of the few patients tested. On the contrary, the values of precipitated C4 are normal in most cases of atopic dermatitis (the method does not detect IgE-C.I.C.) scabies, porphyria cutanea tarda, cutaneous epithelioma and discoid lupus. In chronic urticaria and in mycosis fongoides the mean values of precipitated C4 are significantly increased but the number of positive subjects is low and the significance of these results is uncertain because of the wide range of the values. The results of the present study are compared with the literature data. The value of C.I.C. determination in determining the evolutivity of skin diseases and their possible role in pathogenesis are discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1993

Immunosuppressive agents in dermatology.

Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine are immunosuppressive agents commonly used by dermatologists. Azathioprine has a good safety profile and is preferred by most dermatologists for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid, cutaneous vasculitides, chronic eczematous dermatitides, and cutaneous manifestations of connective tissue diseases. For more fulminant diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, severe cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, or pemphigus, cyclophosphamide is more effective and its use is justified even though it is more toxic. Cyclosporine has been shown to be effective in a variety of dermatoses; the most promising results are seen in psoriasis, lichen planus, pyoderma gangrenosum, and chronic eczematous dermatitides. The long-term safety of cyclosporine remains to be determined, and it should be used judiciously with careful evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in each case. Dermatologists who use immunosuppressive agents should be familiar with their indications, side effects, dosage, and monitoring.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1990

Immunoperoxidase staining for the detection of autoantibodies in canine autoimmune skin disease; comparison to immunofluorescence results.

Skin sections from 22 dogs with autoimmune skin disease were stained with anti-canine IgG, IgM and IgA using an immunobridge immunoperoxidase method. Eight cases of lupus erythematosus, three cases of pemphigus vulgaris, and 11 cases of pemphigus foliaceus were included. Results of previously performed, direct immunofluorescence tests for the detection of canine immunoglobulin on skin were available on 17/22 cases. The immunoperoxidase method yielded an overall positive result in 59% (5/8 lupus erythematosus, 2/3 pemphigus vulgaris and 6/11 pemphigus foliaceus) versus an overall positive result of 47% for direct immunofluorescence (3/5 lupus erythematosus, 2/2 pemphigus vulgaris and 2/10 pemphigus foliaceus). The immunobridge immunoperoxidase method compared favorably to direct immunofluorescence testing of canine skin for autoantibody in cases of lupus erythematosis and pemphigus vulgaris, and was superior in cases of pemphigus foliaceus. This method should prove useful as an aid in the diagnosis of canine autoimmune skin disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pemphigus foliaceus in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, and subsequent lymphoma in a cocker spaniel.

A seven-year-old neutered male cocker spaniel was presented with an 11-month history of generalised bacterial dermatitis. There were skin lesions over the entire body, which were round, slightly raised and encrusted. Skin biopsies were collected and the histological findings were consistent with pemphigus foliaceus. Immunohistochemical staining by the indirect immunoperoxidase method was positive, with desmosomal deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) G. Haematological analysis revealed a regenerative anaemia and profound thrombocytopenia, while a Coombs' test was positive for polyvalent canine Coombs' reagent and anti-dog IgG. An antinuclear antibody test was positive, with a titre of 10,240. An ophthalmic examination demonstrated low tear production (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). Seven months after initial referral, the dog was re-presented with severe generalised peripheral lymphadenopathy. Radiographic evaluation of the thorax and abdomen revealed enlarged cranial mediastinal and sublumbar lymph nodes. Tru-Cut biopsy from an enlarged lymph node confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma, which was phenotyped as a B-cell tumour. The diagnosis in this case was systemic lupus erythematosus, with the unusual feature of pemphigus foliaceus, and subsequent development of B-cell lymphoma. The case adds further to knowledge of the protean clinical presentations of canine autoimmune diseases and provides additional evidence for the potential association between autoimmunity and immune-system neoplasia in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Direct immunofluorescence of skin using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections.

The technique of direct immunofluorescence has been applied to skin biopsy specimens fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. The results have been compared with those obtained by using snap-frozen biopsy specimens from the same patients. Trypsinisation of the dewaxed material allowed subsequent detection of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen. When compared to the fluorescence in the snap-frozen specimens, the staining in the paraffin sections was less bright and there was a higher rate of negatives. Even so, it was possible to establish the diagnosis in most cases of pemphigus, pemphigoid, and lupus erythematosus.

Complement C3↗