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PubMedDate not supplied

[The mechanisms of ulcerogenesis in liver pathology in persons exposed to the action of ionizing radiation].

A total of 92 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) who took part in the elimination of aftereffects of Chernobyl accident in 1986 were examined. Of these, 46 patients (group I) developed DU against the background of persisting hepatitis. The above patients demonstrated significant increase in the peripheral blood levels of hemoglobin and red cell count as well as immunoglobulins of all classes and circulating immune complexes in blood serum. By far the commonest among group I patients (compared to group II) were such events as allergization of the organism and duodenogastric reflux. Based on the studies made a conclusion is drawn to the effect that it is necessary that specific agents capable of improving hemodynamics, endowed with immunocorrective and antiallergic activity should be included into a complex of therapeutic measures designed to treat those patients with hepatitis having been exposed to ionizing radiation, together with those means capable of normalizing the pyloroduodenal portion motor-and-evacuatory function to prevent the DU development.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of 524 cervicoencephalic Doppler studies in ocular pathology].

524 persons showing pathological ocular symptoms (hypertony, transient amaurosis, macular alterations, retinal vascular alterations, pigmentary retinopathy) underwent a cervicoencephalic Doppler test with echotomography. The results confirm the frequency and importance, in many cases, of latent cervicoencephalic degeneration: 12-27% of the subjects had important or very important atheromatous vessels, 25-42% with carotid endarterial plates, 1-10% with carotid stenosis (higher than 80%), 12-24% with alterations of the ophthalmic arteries. Such a noninvasive investigation is a very useful means to explore the hemodynamic and physiological status of the vascular surroundings of the eye and of the central arteries of the retina; it could be a very valuable tool for preventive and curative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Interpersonal aspects of personality disorders in opioid-dependent patients: the convergence of the ICL-R and the SIDP-IV.

This study aims to establish the convergence of the empirically based Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)- and theory-based interpersonal behavioral approaches to personality, in opioid-dependent patients (n = 110), with the use of the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality [Pfohl et al.: Structured Interview for DSM-IV PD. Iowa City, UICM, 1995] and the Interpersonal Checklist-Revised (ICL-R) [DeJong and VandenBrink: ICL-R. St. Oedenrode/NL, Novadic, 1998]. As hypothesized, based on prior research, we found the two approaches to be complementary rather than interchangeable. However, some overlap was found between the SIDP-IV dimensions and the ICL-R, mainly with rebellious/distrustful, reserved/silent and masochistic/self-effacing styles. Results indicate that drug dependence in itself is not a predictor of interpersonal style, while personality pathology is. Patients with a personality disorder (PD) perceive themselves as hostile and submissive, while patients without a PD view themselves as friendly and controlling. The SIDP-IV seems informative in classifying PDs, in addition guidelines for behavioral change, in addicted patients, were provided based on the ICL-R.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Empirical clusters of DSM-III personality disorders in violent offenders.

Violent male offenders in a maximum security hospital and special units in prisons (N = 164) were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III Axis II disorders (SCID-II). Cluster analysis of the personality disorder criteria sets identified six diagnostic patterns: (1) antisocial-narcissistic; (2) paranoid-antisocial; (3) borderline-antisocial-passive-aggressive; (4) borderline; (5) compulsive-borderline; and (6) schizoid. Offenders in the first three groups had more extensive criminal careers, and most were identified as psychopaths by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). These Groups also had more frequent lifetime histories of substance abuse. A history of affective and anxiety disorders was more common in Groups 3 and 5, and almost two thirds of Group 2 had a history of psychotic disorder. The results emphasize that dangerous offenders are heterogeneous in personality pathology. They also suggest that personality disorder among violent offenders is more commonly represented by recurring patterns of covarying traits than by single categorical entities proposed in the DSM classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Heparin-like factors in pregnancy. Report of a clinical case].

Some authors have described the presence of circulating heparin-like anticoagulants; these substances are frequently associated with neoplastic pathology. Personal experience proves that this pathology of coagulation may be present also in pregnancy. The clinical case of a primipara, nullipara pregnant woman twenty-eight years aged is described; the case history showed that the patient presented circulating heparin-like substances. During this study, routine biochemical examinations were within normal limits as well as the coagulation tests. In the course of this experience, coagulation anomalies and hemorrhagic episodes in the intraoperative and postoperative period were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The differential responding of college students to subtle and obvious MCMI subscales.

This study investigated the differential responding of 49 male and 92 female college students to subtle and obvious MCMI scale items. It had been predicted that item subtlety would be correlated positively with item endorsement. This prediction was supported across all 175 MCMI items (r = .34). In addition, subjects endorsed a greater percentage of subtle than obvious subscale items for eight Basic Personality scales and two of three Pathological Personality scales. However, this pattern was not consistent for the nine Symptom Disorder scales. It also had been predicted that gender would moderate subjects' differential responding to subtle and obvious items, whereby males would show a greater tendency than females to endorse relatively more subtle than obvious items. This prediction was not supported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Depression and personality disorder.

Research into the relationship between depression and personality disorder is compromised by a number of methodologic factors, including differing concepts of personality disorder, the validity of a personality disorder diagnosis, the effect of mood on diagnosis, and the overlap between some personality disorder symptoms and mood symptoms. Personality pathology is common in patients with personality disorder. Reasons for this include a "scar" effect of chronic low mood on attitudes and behaviors, as well as possible risk factors via certain personality traits. The negative effect of comorbid personality disorder on treatment outcome in depressed patients may be less than previously believed. Possible reasons include treatment bias in non-controlled trials and the increasing use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors rather than tricyclic antidepressants. Many personality traits and disorders may be part of the psychopathology of depression and share a common origin.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The overlap between personality disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD).

BACKGROUND: Research studies have focused attention on the importance of the comorbidity of personality disorders and depression. METHODS: The present review examines seven potential explanations for the overlap to clarify the nature of the relationship, if any, between depression and personality disorder diagnoses. RESULTS: There may be many explanations for the potential overlap of personality disorders (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). For example, the distinction between states and traits may not be as clear and definitive as suggested in the DSM-IV. In some cases, depression may influence personality pathology, and may even lead to personality disorders. In other cases, personality disorders may lead to MDD. CONCLUSION: Further research may clarify the nature of the relationship, if any, between depression and personality disorder diagnoses, as well as the relationship between comorbidity and treatment response.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1987

The application of DSM-III diagnostic criteria to school refusal.

The DSM-III diagnostic criteria were applied to school refusal cases, and the possibility of a subclassification of school refusal through the DSM-III was studied. The subjects were 50 cases diagnosed as school refusal following the criteria defined by Sumi and Tatara. As for the Axis I diagnoses, the subjects fell under the separation anxiety disorder (7 cases), avoidance disorder (13 cases), overanxious disorder (8 cases), identity disorder (5 cases), adjustment disorder (11 cases) and others. On Axis II, no case was diagnosed as having the personality disorder, but 14 cases showed pathological personality traits. On Axis III, nine cases showed some physical disorders or conditions. Among the five major diagnostic groups, there were some definite differences concerning the onset age, clinical course, psychosocial stress, response to therapy and prognosis of disorders. These results suggest the availability of a subclassification of school refusal by means of the DSM-III criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Personality disorder in the elderly.

Psychiatrists tend not to ascribe personality disorder to elderly patients who present with psychiatric or medical illness, perhaps because of the difficulty of defining personality disorder in older persons or because of the belief that it does not exist among the elderly. Based on a review of the literature, the author concludes that personality and personality disorder are most reliably described in behavioral terms and that normal aging can change preexisting behaviors and produce new behaviors. However, personality remains relatively stable as people age, and healthy personality traits are as durable as pathological personality traits. Finally, he concludes that the elderly are not immune from personality disorder but that age-related behavioral changes may mask the presence of the disorder. Therefore, diagnostic guidelines for personality disorder should include age-associated criteria.

Aged↗