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PubMed1992

Clinical effectiveness of a dentifrice containing potassium chloride as a desensitizing agent.

Sensodyne F, a dentifrice currently marketed in the United Kingdom, containing potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) was compared to a placebo dentifrice for effectiveness in alleviating dentinal hypersensitivity. This randomized, double-blind, parallel clinical study covered 12 weeks of product use by 41 subjects. Hypersensitivity levels of the affected teeth were assessed by tactile stimulation, cold air stimulation and overall subjective patient response. The results from these three methods of assessment demonstrated that the KCl/MFP dentifrice was significantly more effective than the placebo dentifrice in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. The therapeutic response to the KCl/MFP dentifrice as measured by air sensitivity and overall subjective evaluation was statistically significant when compared to the placebo dentifrice within 4 weeks of use. Significant improvement was observed for all parameters at the conclusion of the 12-week clinical study period. Plaque reduction was significantly reduced at week 8 and continued to improve by week 12. The results indicate that KCl with sodium MFP significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity and improved overall patient comfort.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of potassium chloride on plasma renin activity during sodium restriction in normal man.

Previous studies have suggested that large intakes of potassium (K) will suppress plasma renin activity (PRA) in normal man. The effect of more modest intakes of K on PRA is unclear. The present study was designed to compare the PRA in 11 normal volunteers maintained on an electrolyte-free diet (7000 J), with and without the addition of 50 mEq/day of potassium chloride (7000 J + KCl), well within the limits of usual dietary consumption. Control recumbent and 2 hr of upright PRA determinations were made by radioimmunoassay prior to the initiation of either the 7000 J diet or the 7000 J + KCl diet and on the fourth day of the diet, at a time when urinary sodium, K, and chloride excretions were near intakes. Mean (+/- S.E.M.) PRA's are indicated in Table II. There are significant (p less than 0.01) differences between (1) all respective recumbent and upright posture positions and (2) before and after the administration of 7000 J and 7000 J + KCl. However, there are no significant differences between (1) control periods or (2) before and after the addition of KCl to the electrolyte-free diet. We conclude from these studies that K, given in modest amounts, has no inhibiting effect on PRA.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient preference study of two potassium chloride supplements: Slow-K and Micro-K 10 Extencaps.

Patients receiving long-term therapy with potassium chloride supplements have been shown to prefer solid dosage forms over liquid ones. Among the solid forms, patients may prefer one type over another because of differences in appearance, size, taste, smell, texture, and ease of swallowing. In this study, 107 patients in ten centers compared two solid forms of potassium supplements, Slow-K tablets and Micro-K 10 Extencaps. Of the patients who completed the study, more preferred Slow-K in all categories. The differences in preference were statistically significant for the categories of size, texture, appearance, and ease of swallowing. Slow-K was also preferred overall as the potassium supplement of choice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of electrochemically activated 0.8% potassium chloride solutions in the treatment of empyema and parietal abscesses of the lung].

Electrochemically activated 0.8% solutions of potassium chloride are marked by high bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity, do not possess toxic properties, are easily tolerated by the patients, and promote melting of fibrin and necrotic tissues. With their use granulations and epithelialization occur more rapidly and the terms of treatment and the associated economical expenditures are reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the proton dissociation of various buffer components in 0.1 M potassium chloride.

Enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the deprotonation of 18 buffers were calorimetrically determined in 0.1 M potassium chloride at temperatures ranging from 5 to 45 degrees C. The values of the dissociation constant were also determined by means of potentiometric titration. The enthalpy changes for the deprotonation of buffers, except for the phosphate and glycerol 2-phosphate buffers, were found to be characterized by a linear function of temperature. The enthalpy changes for the second dissociation of phosphate and glycerol 2-phosphate where divalent anion is formed on dissociation were fitted with the second order function of temperature rather than the first order. Temperature dependence of buffer pH calculated by using the enthalpy and heat capacity changes obtained was in good agreement with the temperature variation of the pH values actually measured in the temperature range between 0 and 50 degrees C for all the buffers studied. On the basis of the results obtained, a numeric table showing the temperature dependence of pK values for the 18 buffers is presented.

Buffers↗
PubMed2003

Facilitated transport of sodium or potassium chloride across vesicle membranes using a ditopic salt-binding macrobicycle.

A synthetic receptor, with an ability to bind sodium or potassium chloride as a contact ion-pair, is shown to effectively transport either salt across vesicle membranes. Significant transport is observed even when the transporter: phospholipid ratio is as low as 1:2500. Chloride efflux from unilamellar vesicles is monitored using a chloride selective electrode. Mechanistic studies indicate that the facilitated efflux is due to the uncomplexed transporter diffusing into the vesicle and the transporter-salt complex diffusing out. Vesicle influx experiments are also reported, where the facilitated influx of chloride and sodium ions into vesicles is observed directly by 35Cl and 23Na NMR, respectively.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1979

The effect on plasma potassium of a combined preparation of frusemide and slow-release potassium chloride (Diumide-K Continus tablets).

An open trial was carried out on ten middle-aged and elderly patients in cardiac failure to assess the effect on plasma potassium levels of one or more tablets containing 40 mg frusemide and a controlled-release formulation containing 600 mg potassium chloride. Patients had previously been maintained on frusemide and potassium supplements given as separate tablets. No significant rise or fall was observed when treatment was changed to the combined tablet.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1965

SMALL BOWEL ULCERATION ASSOCIATED WITH ENTERIC-COATED POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE.

Three cases of intestinal obstruction due to solitary localized ulceration, inflammation and stenosis of the small bowel are described. All three patients had been treated with a pill containing hydrochlorothiazide and an enteric-coated centre of potassium chloride. The occurrence of this lesion in these patients, and in similar cases reported from other centres, suggests that such a combination should not be prescribed.

Chlorides↗
PubMed2004

Maternal complication of cervical heterotopic pregnancy after successful potassium chloride fetal reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of maternal morbidity encountered in a cervical heterotopic pregnancy after successful potassium chloride (KCl) injection for transvaginal multifetal pregnancy reduction. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary referral care center. PATIENT(S): A woman with heterotopic twin gestation after IVF. INTERVENTION(S): Diagnosis of a viable cervical heterotopic pregnancy was made at 6 weeks by ultrasound. A transvaginal reduction by KCl injection of the cervical pregnancy was performed under sonographic guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Maternal morbidity and mortality. RESULT(S): Although contents of the gestational sac within the cervix resolved, the trophoblastic tissue increased in both size and vascularity. The patient continued to have self-limited vaginal bleeding throughout the pregnancy. However, at 31 weeks, she had an acute hemorrhage, resulting in an emergency cesarean hysterectomy secondary to profuse bleeding from retained cervical trophoblastic tissue. CONCLUSION(S): Although KCl transvaginal multifetal pregnancy reduction might successfully terminate a cervical heterotopic pregnancy, the ongoing pregnancy might be complicated by persistence and even enlargement of remaining trophoblastic tissue, leading to obstetric hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Insulin attenuates vasoconstriction by noradrenaline, serotonin and potassium chloride in rat mesenteric arterioles.

We investigated the effect of insulin on the vascular reactivity to noradrenaline, serotonin and potassium chloride in rat mesenteric resistance arterioles in vitro. Mesenteric artery segments were placed in a myograph system. Sensitivity to noradrenaline, serotonin and KCl was tested after an equilibration at 37 degrees C. Thereafter, arteries were incubated with buffer alone or with insulin (40, 100, 250 and 400 mU/ml) for one hour at 37 degrees C. Sensitivity to the three vasoconstrictors was retested. Incubation with noradrenaline, serotonin and KCl resulted in a dose dependent increase in wall force. Exposure with buffer did not change the shape of the dose-response-curve. The same was true for the lowest dose of insulin (40 mU/ml). However, incubation with insulin at concentrations of 100, 250 and 400 mU/ml led to a reduction in wall force by 37-77%. The reduction in the slope of the curve and the maximal response suggest a non-competitive inhibition. Supraphysiological doses of insulin attenuate the vasoconstriction by noradrenaline, serotonin and KCl in rat mesenteric arteries in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by potassium chloride extracts of allogeneic breast carcinoma and lymphoid cells.

Lymphocytes from cancer patients and normal individuals demonstrated blastogenesis with allogeneic potassium chloride (3 M KCl) extracts of breast carcinoma cells. Normal individuals reacted with a greater frequency and stronger blastogenic responses to tumor extracts than did breast carcinoma patients; allogeneic extracts may have elicited recognition of normal alloantigens rather than tumor-associated antigens. Normal individuals also responded to 3 M KCl extracts of allogeneic pooled normal leukocytes, normal breast tissue, and other cancers, but did not react to extracts of autologous leukocytes.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Endoscopic evaluation of slow-release potassium chloride preparations.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 30 healthy subjects took one of two potassium chloride preparations or placebo three times a day for 1 week with concomitant oral glycopyrrolate dosing. The upper digestive tract was endoscopically examined immediately before and after the treatment period. One subject in both of the KCl treatment groups and six subjects in the placebo group developed submucosal lesions. All lesions were minor and of limited clinical significance. There may be reason to believe that glycopyrrolate plays a role in the production of such lesions. If so, the concomitant use of glycopyrrolate in clinical trials of KCl preparations may cloud the results of such studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the effects of penicillin G potassium and potassium chloride on the motility of the large intestine in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of IV administration of penicillin G potassium (KPEN) or potassium chloride (KCl) on defecation and myoelectric activity of the cecum and pelvic flexure of horses. ANIMALS: 5 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Horses with 12 bipolar electrodes on the cecum and pelvic flexure received KPEN or KCl solution by IV bolus 4 hours apart. Each horse received the following: 2 X 10(7) U of KPEN (high-dose KPEN) followed by 34 mEq of KCl (high-dose KCl), 1 X 10(7) U of KPEN (low-dose KPEN) followed by 17 mEq of KCl (low-dose KCl), high-dose KCl followed by high-dose KPEN, and low-dose KCl followed by low-dose KPEN. Number of defecations and myoelectric activity were recorded for 60 minutes. The first three 5-minute segments and first four 15-minute segments of myoelectric activity were analyzed. RESULTS: Number of defecations during the first 15-minute segment was greater after high-dose KPEN treatment than after high-dose or low-dose KCl treatment. Compared with reference indexes, myoelectric activity was greater in the pelvic flexure for the first 5-minute segment after high-dose KCl treatment, in the cecum and pelvic flexure for the first 5-minute segment and in the pelvic flexure for the first 15-minute segment after low-dose KPEN treatment, and in the pelvic flexure for the first and second 5-minute segments and the first three 15-minute segments after high-dose KPEN treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: IV administration of KPEN stimulates defecation and myoelectric activity of the cecum and pelvic flexure in horses. Effects of KPEN may be beneficial during episodes of ileus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sanitization of bronchial pathways by electrochemically activated solution of 0.8% potassium chloride].

The authors suggest a new method for sanitation of the bronchial pathways, making use of electrochemically activated solution of 0.8% potassium chloride, pN 2.5-3.0, that results in rapid fibrin lysis, microflora death and elimination of the purulent discharge from the bronchial routes, alleviation of inflammatory edema and pain. The solution is simple to make and use, economic, and brings about a rapid effect, giving no allergic reactions.

Asthma↗
PubMed1967

Mating behavior: facilitation in the female rat after cortical application of potassium chloride.

Mating behavior in ovariectomized female rats treated with estrogen can be greatly enhanced by subcutaneous injections of progesterone. Application of potassium chloride to the cortex of females previously treated with estrogen can also induce greatly increased sexual receptivity as indicated by the lordosis response. This facilitation of mating behavior by a treatment known to cause functional decortication suggests that mechanisms mediating female mating behavior are under tonic inhibition by an inhibitory system which involves the cerebral cortex.

Animals↗