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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Self-perception of the elective surgeon and some patient perception correlates.

This study investigated the personality characteristics of the elective surgeon, the realism of the surgeon's role concept, and the relationships between these variables and the occurrence of litigation. Data obtained from 125 surgeons and 65 of these surgeons' patients were computer analyzed to answer three specific questions. The surgeon's personality needs were found to differ significantly from those of the general population. Both the surgeons and the patients viewed the surgeon's role unrealistically. No specific physician-patient interaction variable was found to be related significantly to the occurrence of litigation. Findings showed that the elective surgeon is aware of the documented causes for litigation but unaware of how his own personality may affect his vulnerability to litigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The evaluation gap in performance perceptions: illusory perceptions of groups and individuals.

Four laboratory studies documented systematic performance illusions for individuals and group members. After completing a task, most individuals typically rank their performance below the median (a negative performance illusion) and most group members rank their group performance above the median (a positive performance illusion). This evaluation gap surfaced in all studies; group members consistently assign their group a higher rank than individuals assign themselves. This gap contradicts a number of theories assuming that group biases merely extend individual biases.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed2000

The perception of respiratory work and effort can be independent of the perception of air hunger.

Dyspnea in patients could arise from both an urge to breathe and increased effort of breathing. Two qualitatively different sensations, "air hunger" and "respiratory work and effort," arising from different afferent sources are hypothesized. In the laboratory, breathing below the spontaneous level may produce an uncomfortable sensation of air hunger, and breathing above it a sensation of work or effort. Measurement of a single sensory dimension cannot distinguish these as separate sensations; we therefore measured two sensory dimensions and attempted to vary them independently. In five normal subjects we obtained simultaneous ratings of air hunger and of work and effort while independently varying PCO(2) or the level of targeted voluntary breathing. We found a difference in response to the two stimulus dimensions: air hunger ratings changed more steeply when PCO(2) was altered and ventilation was constant; work or effort ratings changed more steeply when ventilation was altered and PCO(2) was constant. We conclude that "air hunger" is qualitatively different from "work and effort" and arises from different afferent sources.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Exploring the physically ill child's self-perceptions and the mother's perceptions of her child's needs: insights gained from the FIRO-BC--a behavior test for use with children.

When dealing with the management of the dying patient and his family, systematic research has been very limited. Understanding the dying child's needs, as well as his family's, is important for approprirate therapy programs. The present study investigated the mother's awareness of her child's expressed and wanted needs in three areas of interpersonal relationships. It also studied the dying child's self-perceived needs and desires as compared with those of children with a non-life-threatening illness and with those of well children.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1992

Psychophysical features of the transition from pure heat perception to heat pain perception.

The psychophysical features of the transition from the pure heat to the heat pain range were studied in 25 healthy subjects (mean age 28.8 years). Thirty short heat stimuli from -1.6 degrees C to +1.6 degrees C relative to the pain threshold were applied to the thenar of the left hand with an apparatus containing a Peltier thermode (nine different temperatures at 0.4 degrees C intervals). The subjects rated the sensation intensity on a visual analogue scale. The resulting stimulus/sensation intensity relations could be explained equally well (same goodness of fit) by a model with a power function (PF) and by a model with two linear regression lines (TLR), one for stimulus intensities below and one for those above the pain threshold and intersecting at the pain threshold. The slopes of the TLR model were significantly larger above the pain threshold than below it. The PF model produced exponents between 1.8 and 1.9. We conclude that to describe the transition area, it is sufficient to use simple linear models for both the pure heat and the heat pain ranges.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Personality & behaviour changes following spinal cord injury: self perceptions--partner's perceptions.

There has been little specific investigation of personality and behaviour changes following spinal cord injury (SCI) and only limited consideration of the possible impact of concurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI). By mail-out questionnaire, we evaluated personality and behaviour changes in a married group (n = 9) with traumatic SCI, who knew their partners prior to injury, and who had not been identified as having concurrent TBI on referral to the Canadian Paraplegic Association. Both the person with SCI (and the partner) completed the revised Adjective Checklist and by their combined report, there were significant personality and behaviour changes. Unexpectedly, five individuals described post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) > or = 3 days. Subsequently, participants' reports were further divided into two groups--"longer PTA" and "shorter PTA". The "longer PTA" group self-reported less change and more positive change than did their partners. The "longer PTA" partners described changes that are consistent with the profile of TBI. The "shorter PTA" group described themselves more negatively than did their partners. Given the size of the groups (n = 5, n = 4), these findings are presented to illustrate trends and to stimulate further research.

Amnesia↗