The validity of the dynamic personality inventory.
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Humans↗
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[Research on instrument development. Commentary: On Y-G Personality Inventory].
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Humans↗
Relationships among clinical and validity scales of the Basic Personality Inventory.
In interpreting the results of a self-report inventory it is important to evaluate the extent to which stylistic distortion may have been operative. This task is complicated because validity measures frequently are confounded with content measures. In order to evaluate the potential utility of the validity measures for the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) the relationships between validity measures and content scales were evaluated in a sample of 71 inmates. While some validity indices had significant correlations with content scales, other validity indices were relatively independent of the content scales. Recommendations are provided for using the BPI validity scales.
Adolescent↗
Self-esteem and mental health characteristics especially among lean students surveyed by University Personality Inventory.
In recent years, various investigators have indicated an increase in the number of eating disorders. A similar tendency has been observed among university students. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the self-esteem and mental health characteristics of the lean students who suffer from latent eating disorders. We examined 2132 responses to the University Personality Inventory obtained from students who entered Nagoya University in 1995. We analyzed the mental health conditions of the lean students after categorizing the subjects into lean, normal and obese group by body mass index. As a result, the following results were obtained. Lean male students presented with more subjective symptoms than normal and obese students, and extremely lean male students had more subjective symptoms. Lean female students had fewer subjective symptoms than lean male students and no particular differences from normal female students. It is suggested that male and female students had different criteria for self-esteem with regard to body shape. The lean female students were medically ill and formed a latent or borderline latent group with anorexia nervosa. However, they had a similar degree of health awareness as normal students.
Adolescent↗
The association between the Lie scale of the Maudsley personality inventory and striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability of healthy Chinese community subjects.
The present study examined the relationship between the Lie scale scores and striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability with respect to the cerebellum in 42 healthy community volunteers in Taiwan using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [(123)I]iodo-benzoaminde (IBZM). Even after controlling of age and educational level, subjects' Lie scale scores of the Maudsley personality inventory correlate negatively with D(2)/D(3) receptor availability. Individual with higher Lie scale scores may have higher impulsivity due to lower dopaminergic availability.
Adult↗
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile of patients with subjective tinnitus.
Subjective tinnitus is frequently seen in the general population. We investigated the personality traits in tinnitus and nontinnitus groups, both of which were nonpsychiatric. In this study, we evaluated 28 patients with subjective tinnitus and 28 subjects for a control group. In the analysis of psychiatric status, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles were used. Psychasthenia was found to be higher in tinnitus patients of both sexes, whereas Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Masculinity/Feminity, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, and Social Introversion scores were higher in females with tinnitus. In our research, it is thought that the experience of tinnitus may cause the psychological disturbance.
Adolescent↗
Response style and the revised NEO personality inventory: validity scales and spousal ratings in a Chinese psychiatric sample.
The effects of response style bias on profile scores from the family of NEO scales and the resultant influence of response style on the predictive capacity of these scales continues to be debated. In this study, a large sample of Chinese psychiatric patients were categorized into four response style groups based on their scores from recently developed "validity" scales for the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Mean differences and correlations between self-report and spousal ratings of these patients were examined for the NEO PI-R domain and facet scales. Excessive positive self-presentation bias resulted in mean differences between the self-report and spousal ratings for N and E. Correlations between self-report and spousal ratings were reduced in patients engaging in positive self-presentational bias compared to those who were not so categorized on three of the five NEO PI-R scales. However, these results were manifest only in a sub-sample of psychotic patients. Negative self-presentational bias did not affect mean differences or diminish the correlations between the self-report and spousal ratings.
Adult↗
Some correlations between Famous Sayings Test and Eysnck Personality Inventory variables.
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Female↗
Briquet's syndrome (hysteria) is both a somatoform and a "psychoform" illness: a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory study.
We describe the results of a follow-up study on patients with hysteria using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to evaluate the multiple complaints of these patients. MMPIs were obtained from 29 women with primary affective disorder and 37 women with Briquet's syndrome as part of a follow-up study of the St. Louis clinic 500. Patients with Briquet's syndrome were significantly less consistent and logical in answering MMPIs and were more likely to emphasize personal psychopathological conditions. They reported many more symptoms in many more problem areas than did women with primary affective disorder. Patients with Briquet's syndrome reported significantly more somatic symptoms and psychological/interpersonal problems than did the depressed group. It was suggested that such patients mimic multiple psychiatric and somatic disorders.
Female↗
Age and gender differences in the content scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
We examined time of measurement, gender, and age differences on the nine content scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory using data collected by three separate studies during the 1950s, 1960s and 1980s. No evidence was found for differences in the content scales due to time of measurement that also could not have been explained by demographic differences. Differences due to gender were found on only one of the nine scales, Masculinity-Femininity, and age differences were found on the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness scales. Younger men and women had significantly higher scores on the Neuroticism and Extraversion scales, and these differences were consistent in both magnitude and direction across sample and gender. Our results suggest that it is likely that openness reaches its lifetime stable level by the time typical adolescents enter college, because we found no significant age differences in intellectual interests. Neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness on the other hand, are likely to show instability throughout, and probably after, adolescence and early adulthood, because we found significant age differences in the content dimensions associated with these factors in separate analyses of three samples.
Adolescent↗
Relationship between the NEO personality inventory revised neuroticism scale and prospectively reported negative affect across the menstrual cycle.
Previous research has suggested a possible link between neuroticism and premenstrual symptom changes. Results, however, are difficult to interpret given methodological problems such as retrospective reporting of premenstrual symptoms, and failure to control for the generalized influence of neuroticism on psychosomatic symptomatology. The present study aimed to address these issues. One hundred and nine women from the general population completed the modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire daily for 70 days. Neuroticism was assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory Revised. Neuroticism accounted for a significant amount of variation in premenstrual negative affect both before and after controlling for baseline (follicular) symptom levels. The relationship between neuroticism and premenstrual negative affect could not be linked to any particular facet of neuroticism (e.g. anxiety, depression). Oral contraceptive (OC) users had significantly higher levels of neuroticism than the non-oral contraceptive (NOC) group. A significant interaction between OC use and menstrual cycle phase was also noted, with a trend toward OC users experiencing less premenstrual, but more menstrual, negative affect compared with the NOC group. The results are discussed in terms of the contribution of personality factors to the etiology of premenstrual change, and the utility of cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches.
Adolescent↗
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory prediction of intellectual changes following cardiac surgery.
One hundred two cardiac surgery patients were tested with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) preoperatively and 98 of these patientts (two diet, two were untestable) were tested both pre- and postoperatively with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Bender-Gestalt, and the Wechsler Memory Scale. A large number of the patients obtained preoperative "neurotic"-type MMPI profiles. Postoperative deficits in intellectual ability were slight for the group as a whole, however, there was marked within-group variance. The MMPI was not found to be useful as a predictor of postoperative intellectual changes.
Adult↗
Temporal stability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in patients undergoing lumbar fusion: a poor predictor of surgical outcome.
In this prospective study, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to patients before and after lumbar spines fusion to investigate the stability of MMPI scores after surgical intervention and to attempt to correlate MMPI scale scores with outcome data. Sixty-eight patients were included. Testing was performed before surgery and at a mean of 1.5 years after surgery. Clinical outcome ratings were assigned by using criteria of pain relief and analgesic use. In addition, demographic variables known to affect outcome were analyzed. Sixty percent of the patients had a successful clinical outcome. Positive outcome correlated with the demographic factors of occupation (homemaker) and solid fusion. MMPI scales were stable across time, with no difference between groups. Independent t tests were used to study preoperative MMPI scores with respect to clinical outcome. Unsatisfactory outcomes were associated with higher scores on scales 1, 3, and 10 before surgery. Postoperative testing revealed significant outcome correlations--higher scores on scales 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 associated with an unsatisfactory outcome. However, discriminant function analysis of preoperative MMPI data was able to classify outcomes correctly in only 58.8% of the cases. The utility of the MMPI as a predictor of outcome after surgical intervention is quite limited. Use of group data and testing before and after surgery does not appear to influence this conclusion. Although the scores as a group were stable across time, the amount of variance in outcome that could not be accounted for by using MMPI scales as predictors was unacceptably large.
Adult↗
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory profile of patients with allergic rhinitis.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis and personality traits in a nonpsychiatric population of proven allergic status. Subjects were assigned to the allergic group (n = 29) and the nonallergic group (n = 29) on the basis of the medical examination, allergic prick tests, and self-reported allergic status. Analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Profile (MMPI) profiles showed that male subjects with allergic rhinitis had significantly higher scores on depression, paranoia, and social introversion. Depression, hypochondriasis, and hysteria scores were significantly higher in female subjects. It may be concluded that patients with allergic rhinitis have poorer psychological function compared with the nonallergic subjects.
Adolescent↗
[The characteristics of the psychoemotional disorders in multiple sclerosis patients studied by using the method of the multiphasic personality inventory].
A total of 57 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who ranged from 15 to 58 years old (18 male patients, 39 female patients) were studied together with 10 essentially healthy persons (control group). Psychoemotional disorders in MS patients were described with the aid of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). All MS patients revealed changes in MMPI profile of personality. There were higher T-scores on the first, second, as well as sixth, seventh, and eighth scales. During the initial stages of the illness there prevail neurosis-like symptomatology presenting as depressive-hypochondriac syndrome. The degree of the pathological process in MS makes for aggravation of disorders in the psychoemotional sphere. During the advanced stages of the malady there occur autism, attempts at isolating oneself, disruption of interpersonal connections.
Adolescent↗
Lack of self-control as assessed by a personality inventory is related to reduced volume of supplementary motor area.
The present study was performed to examine the relationship between schizophrenia-related personality and brain morphometry. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and schizophrenia-related personality scales extracted from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 42 university students. Analysis of the relationships between the gray matter segmented from the MR images on a voxel-by-voxel basis through the use of the statistical parametric mapping technique and the schizophrenia-related personality subscale scores from the MMPI revealed that lack of self-control subscale scores were negatively related to the gray matter volume of the supplementary motor area (SMA). Furthermore, it was suggested that self-control including self-inhibition is associated with the density of the SMA, the precuneous and the cerebellar vermis, which govern voluntary movements and motor imagery. These results provide important clues to the neural basis for the disturbance of self commonly observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Adult↗
Keeping hostility in perspective: coronary heart disease and the Hostility Scale on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
Three prospective studies from the early 1980s found that high scores on the Hostility (Ho) Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality from CHD and other causes. In the current study, the association between the Ho score and subsequent health status was examined in a 20-year follow-up of 620 general medical patients who completed the MMPI between 1962 and 1965. Univariately, the Ho score from the MMPI was a significant factor for predicting the development of CHD, CHD-related mortality, and total mortality. When two simple risk factors for CHD--age and sex--were also considered, however, the MMPI Ho score was no longer a significant predictive factor.
Adult↗
The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: alternative form reliability and further evidence of construct validity.
The aim of this study was twofold: (a)to measure the alternate form reliability of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and (b)to determine its construct validity by correlating it with the four scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The alternate form reliability was .72. The Extraversion and Psychoticism scales of the EPQ were positively and significantly correlated with the narcissism measure, and the Lie scale showed a significant negative correlation. The Neuroticism scale showed a nonsignificant relationship with narcissism. In addition, the combined Extraversion and Psychoticism scales produced[ a Multiple R with the narcissism measure that accounted for significantly more of the variance in narcissism than did either measure alone.
Journal Article↗