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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The development of a psychiatric rehabilitation service: a two year pilot project.

In the history of psychiatry, one can discern conflicting trends with regard to hospitalization of people suffering from severe mental disturbances. From the beginning of the 19th century, the standard method for dealing with such people has been to take them away from their homes and work and put them in hospitals. However, since the discovery of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950's, there has developed a new movement to treat mentally disturbed people in their communities, either avoiding hospitalization altogether, or at least greatly shortening it. In many hospitals there has been a synthesis of these two trends, reflected in an upgrading of the importance of the rehabilitation function. In Shalvata Psychiatric Center, a medium-sized psychiatric hospital in Hod Hasharon, Israel, a two-year pilot project to introduce a centralized Rehabilitation Service was recently completed. The present Rehabilitation Service is based on the rehabilitation/activity therapy model in which the hospital is conceptualized as a setting in which patients may develop or recover social and vocational skills needed to function adequately in the community. It has drawn on existing, motivated staff from all mental health professions represented at the hospital, and works closely with all in-hospital wards and the day hospital. The authors discuss six areas of vocational and social rehabilitation with which the Rehabilitation Service has attempted to deal: 1. activity therapy/rehabilitation groups, 2. vocational guidance unit, 3. after-care therapeutic social club, 4. in-hospital rehabilitation consultation, 5. liaison activities with community-based facilities, 6. job placement.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1984

A pilot project for controlling O. viverrini infection in Nong Wai, Northeast Thailand, by applying praziquantel and other measures.

In a pilot control project of Opisthorchis viverrini in the village of Nong Wai Irrigation Area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, selected population based chemotherapy with a single dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel (2 - cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11 b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one,EMBAY8440,Biltricide) was given to the stool positive cases once a year for a period of 3 years commencing May 1981. Two villages (pop 942) with a prevalence of 58.3% were used as tests villages and another one (pop. 442) with a prevalence of 55.1% served as control. The project programme integrated chemotherapy, sanitation improvement and health education, whilst only chemotherapy was applied in the control village. Among the 736 cases of all villages, 666 were treated in the first year and the parasitological cure rate after one month was 95.9%. Side effects of praziquantel were minor and were minimized by changing the time of drug intake from morning to after dinner. After one year the prevalence of opisthorchiasis was 36.8% in the test villages and 54.8% in the control village. The study on re-infection rate revealed that the average monthly incidence rate among the population in the test villages was 2.0% per month (range 1.1-5.0%) whereas it was 5.0% per month (range 1.9-10.3%) in the control village. In May 1982, second treatment was given again to the positive cases in the three villages with the same dose. The second year evaluation is in progress.

Food Contamination↗
PubMed1995

Early intervention for back-injured nurses at a large Canadian tertiary care hospital: an evaluation of the effectiveness and cost benefits of a two-year pilot project.

This study evaluated a two-year multidisciplinary early intervention pilot programme for back-injured nurses employed at a large teaching hospital, using a pre- versus post-programme analysis. The purpose was to ascertain whether this programme could reduce the incidence, morbidity, time lost and cost due to back injuries in the 250 nurses employed on ten targeted high-risk wards. Injuries in the remaining 1395 nurses employed on the other 45 wards were monitored concurrently for comparison. The programme consisted of prompt assessment, treatment and rehabilitation through modified work. Evaluative data were gathered by one research nurse on standardized forms at the time of injury, weekly until return to work, and at a six-month follow-up. Time lost and cost data for up to one-year post-injury were derived from workers' compensation statements. Compared to the two years prior to introduction of the programme, the rates of back injuries and lost-time back injuries decreased by 23% and 43%, respectively, on the targeted wards, while these increased on the control wards. Combined expenditure was 32% lower per injury and 34% lower per lost-time injury for those in the targeted group who consented to take part in the programme compared to their counterparts on the control wards, as the increased assessment and treatment costs per case attributable to the programme were more than offset by the savings in lower compensation (wage loss) costs. This programme thus reduced the incidence and time lost due to back injuries and was cost-beneficial.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Interpractice visits by general practitioners: implications of a pilot project for quality assurance in general practice.

This article describes a pilot study involving 25 general practitioners who agreed to undertake interpractice visits. Decisions regarding the nature, length and documentation of the interpractice visit were made by consensus during a 5-h workshop. Participants met again as a group after the visits were completed and discussed the acceptability of the visits and their potential to improve standards of care. Reactions included a high level of enthusiasm to develop further the rigour of these visits.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

Changing Childbirth: a pilot project.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of an adapted pilot Changing Childbirth initiative providing continuity of care by a group of known midwives with traditional maternity care. DESIGN: Between-groups trial to compare levels of satisfaction and clinical outcomes for two groups of women, cared for either under this Changing Childbirth scheme or the traditional model of care. METHOD: Of the 200 women who agreed to participate in the project, 100 were randomly allocated to the pilot scheme and 100 to the traditional care package. During the postpartum period, information was collected via a questionnaire about participants' levels of satisfaction with a variety of aspects of care provided during the antenatal, delivery and postpartum periods. Data about clinical outcomes for the two groups were also obtained. RESULTS: Women in the pilot group had significantly more continuity of care throughout each of the three periods, were generally more satisfied with their care, felt that they had more choice over a variety of aspects of care and experienced no compromise in clinical outcomes (P = 0.05 or less in each case). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Many previous attempts to introduce the Changing Childbirth initiative have revealed significant problems, particularly with regard to the continuity of carer requirement. Taking account of local health care needs and existing provision, the present study adapted this concept to continuity of care. This did not apparently affect any of the guiding principles contained in the original document, and yet enhanced satisfaction. It would appear that the Changing Childbirth agenda can be adapted and integrated with local health care situations without sacrificing any of the overarching principles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Cigarette smoking. A pilot project of dehabituation and experimental research].

An interdisciplinary approach was adopted in a pilot programme research project as the most effective way to obtain concrete results in curing tobacco-addiction. The various stages and effects of the treatment are analysed as a means of identifying the most appropriate techniques. The early results are reported under separate headings according to treatment type (psychological, neurophysiological, dietary, clinical, chemical).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation to CEGEP students in Quebec--a pilot project.

In order to increase CPR training in Quebec, we designed a pilot study to test out the efficacy of training CEGEP (junior college) students in CPR. We tried out four different methods of teaching CPR on students (Group A 'control', 4 h course, manikin to student ratio 1:4; Group B, 4 h course, manikin to student ratio 1:1; Group C, 2 h course, manikin to student ratio 1:1; Group D, video-assisted CPR instruction, manikin to student ratio 1:1). CPR skills were tested on a computerized manikin at the end of the initial course and again at the end of the semester in order to evaluate short and long-term retention of skills. There were no significant differences between the test groups and the control group in terms of compressions or ventilations at the beginning and end of the semester, however groups C and D performed significantly better primary surveys (Airway, Breathing, Circulation - ABC sequences) during the initial testing. The most common reasons reported by students for not taking CPR courses were the cost of courses (49.2%) and the inconvenience of courses (26.2%), similarly the two most common incentives which could get students to take CPR courses were; free courses (65.6%) and greater accessibility of courses (54.1%). Video-assisted CPR training appears to be feasible, enjoyable and as, if not more effective than traditional CPR courses. Instituting a mandatory video-assisted CPR program in the CEGEP system in Quebec and in high schools and colleges throughout the world, would be a cost-effective way to train massive amounts of young people in CPR.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Tele-ophthalmology via stereoscopic digital imaging: a pilot project.

Diabetic eye disease is present in remote communities across Canada. A pilot study was designed to assess the feasibility of stereoscopic digital imaging to identify levels of diabetic retinopathy via teleophthalmology. Diabetic patients were assessed for diabetic retinopathy by seven field stereoscopic digital imaging through a dilated pupil. Images were transferred by satellite to a tertiary eye center for review by a retinal specialist. Images were viewed stereoscopically on a video monitor, with grading of all images using a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification. Patients found to have treatable diabetic retinopathy were transferred to a tertiary eye center for assessment and treatment by a retinal specialist. One hundred patients (199 eyes) had stereoscopic digital imaging of the retina. Microaneurysms were identified in 70 eyes, hard exudates in 31 eyes. Two eyes were identified with neovascularization of the disc (NVD) and 15 eyes with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). All eyes identified by stereoscopic digital imaging with treatable disease were confirmed by clinical examination with contact lens biomicroscopy. Stereoscopic digital imaging of the retina enables the identification of diabetic retinopathy. Further research is needed to delineate the sensitivity and specificity of stereoscopic digital imaging when compared to slide film and clinical examination.

Alberta↗
PubMed1997

Elderly care. A pilot project on opportunistic geriatric assessments in general practice.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a pilot program for systematic assessment of functional status of the elderly in general practice. METHOD: The program was developed in consultation with local GPs and aged care services and introduced to GPs at a workshop. The program was piloted for seven general practitioners with 41 patients, 70 years or older. RESULTS: While many problems had been previously identified by GPs additional problems with: home and social life; activities of daily living and mobility; cognition and depression; general health and medication problems were found in up to 2.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: Opportunistic health assessment of the elderly in general practice is practical and useful in detecting health problems.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Menopause and healthy aging: a pilot project.

Twenty-three women drawn from a culturally diverse community participated in a pilot health promotion project on menopause and healthy aging. The participants offered information about their usual information sources, menopausal experiences and health promotional practices. Their comments suggest that mid-aged women are frustrated by the lack of accurate and up-to-date information available to them, many found that their concerns about menopause were trivialised by their medical practitioners, most did not practice breast self-examination or have regular Pap smears, and some voiced concerns about the accessibility and affordability of appropriate health care. For some women, common medical therapies did not appear to control the symptoms they attributed to menopause. They expressed a desire to be active in health promotion and wanted to be more involved in the decision making process when consulting health care professionals. Suggestions for improving the quality of health promotion programs include the development of peer support groups and professional partnerships aimed at meeting the education, information and support needs of aging women.

Adult↗