State psychology board examining practices.
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Licensure↗
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Results for “Practice, Psychological”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[On test psychology for medical practice].
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Humans↗
[Experimental psychology and psychiatric drug therapy. A practical case of medical psychology].
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Achievement↗
[Psychological factors in general practice].
The paper concerns psychological predictors of the pattern of activity of a general practitioner which should be allowed for in collecting data for case records, planning and conduction of examinations, design and discussion of treatment policy. The ability to communicate with the patient has a noticeable psychological effect on the patient's compliance. The analysis of the psychological predictors is important for psychological training of general practitioners whose activity is very specific.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT): opportunities for community psychologists in chronic disease prevention.
Opportunities for participation in chronic disease prevention programs are discussed in the context of a description and analysis of the National Cancer Institute's Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT). COMMIT involves 11 matched pairs of communities with random assignment to the intervention condition within each pair. The 4-year intervention is guided by a partly standardized protocol and embodies a number of community psychology principles. The relative congruence of COMMIT with community psychology principles and methods is discussed with particular emphasis on Kelly's (1988) model of community research. Community psychology's participation in chronic disease prevention trials requires understanding of the programmatic framework of National Institutes of Health prevention research and recognition of the constraints imposed by the framework on community psychology practices.
Community Mental Health Services↗
Alzheimer Disease International's 10/66 Dementia Research Group - one model for action research in developing countries.
BACKGROUND: The 10/66 Dementia Research Group (10/66) founded in 1998, is a network of over 100 researchers from mainly developing countries. 10/66 is committed to encourage more good quality research in those regions, where an estimated two-thirds of all those with dementia live. It represents a collaboration of academics, clinicians, and an international non-governmental organization, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI). METHOD: 10/66 pilot studies in 26 centres in Latin America, India, Africa and China and SE Asia suggest that education and culture-fair diagnosis is an attainable aim. Despite extended family care networks, these studies also identified high levels of practical, psychological and economic strain upon caregivers. Population-based studies in six centres will now estimate prevalence, describe impact and seek to identify genetic and environmental risk factors in novel settings. At a practical level, 10/66 has studied ways to circumvent the lack of help-seeking in developing countries, and has developed a low-level intervention to educate and train caregivers. CONCLUSION: The links with ADI and its international networks, and the volunteerism of ADIs members have fostered the rapid growth of 10/66. The partnership facilitates both the raising of awareness and influence upon policy, as 10/66 research evidence can be used by ADI and national Alzheimer's Associations to direct and support advocacy.
Aged↗
The diversification of psychology: a multicultural revolution.
The National Multicultural Conference and Summit was held in January 1999 in Newport Beach, California. Hosted by Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology), 35 (Society for the Psychology of Women), and 45 (Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues), the event drew support from many American Psychological Association (APA) divisions and other major organizations and sponsors. Approximately 550 psychologists and graduate students attended the conference, which was intended to (a) examine state-of-the-art issues in ethnic minority psychology, (b) identify barriers to becoming a multicultural profession, and (c) forge alliances for political action and advocacy. The summit participants unanimously endorsed resolutions aimed at implementing cultural competence in all psychological endeavors. Multicultural themes arising from the summit included the diversification of the United States; the facilitation of difficult dialogues on race, gender, and sexual orientation; spirituality as a basic dimension of the human condition; the invisibility of monoculturalism and Whiteness; and the teaching of multiculturalism and diversity. APA was strongly encouraged to take the lead in seeing that multicultural competence becomes a defining feature of psychological practice, education and training, and research.
Cultural Diversity↗
Integrating health and mental health services in schools: psychologists collaborating with primary care providers.
This article reviews recent trends, developments and empirical support for the expansion of psychological practice to include school-based treatment and management of serious and chronic medical conditions, including somatization, in collaboration with primary health care providers. Trends and developments reviewed include (a) the expansion and integration of health, mental health, social and community services in schools, (b) the rapid growth of school-based health centers (SBHCs), (c) psychology's increased involvement in the collaborative treatment of chronic and serious medical disorders, (d) recent federal and state legislative initiatives, and (e) cost-driven marketplace changes. Lack of empirical data specific to collaborative psychologist-health care provider collaboration in schools and SBHCs, particularly around somatization, is discussed. Ethical and legal, professional, and reimbursement issues that must be addressed if psychologists are to practice in this emergent arena are identified. This article calls for research to document both the clinical effectiveness and cost-efficacy of collaborative psychologist-primary care provider intervention in schools and SBHCs.
Child↗
The prevalence of religious coping among persons with persistent mental illness.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of religious coping among persons with persistent mental illness and to gain a preliminary understanding of the relationship between religious coping and symptom severity and overall functioning. METHODS: A total of 406 individuals who were diagnosed as having a mental illness and who were patients at one of 13 Los Angeles County mental health facilities completed a survey consisting of the Religious Coping Index, the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and a 48-item demographic questionnaire. RESULTS: More than 80 percent of the participants used religious beliefs or activities to cope with daily difficulties or frustrations. A majority of participants devoted as much as half of their total coping time to religious practices, with prayer being the most frequent activity. Specific religious coping strategies, such as prayer or reading the Bible, were associated with higher SCL-90 scores (indicating more severe symptoms), more reported frustration, and a lower GAF score (indicating greater impairment). The amount of time that participants devoted to religious coping was negatively related to reported levels of frustration and scores on the SCL-90 symptom subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggest that religious activities and beliefs may be particularly compelling for persons who are experiencing more severe symptoms, and increased religious activity may be associated with reduced symptoms. Religion may serve as a pervasive and potentially effective method of coping for persons with mental illness, thus warranting its integration into psychiatric and psychological practice.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The response of South African professional psychology associations to apartheid.
Professional psychology associations in South Africa have overtly and covertly furthered the aims of apartheid. Guidance about the ethical obligations of psychologists in the South African context has been singularly lacking, and as a result blacks have not been attracted to the profession of psychology in sufficient numbers to administer to psychological needs of the client population. The political dimension of psychological practice in South Africa needs to be addressed directly so that healing strategies relevant to the burgeoning racial conflict in South Africa can be implemented.
History, 20th Century↗
Misassumptions, misadventures, and the misuse of psychology.
The history of psychology reveals tragic episodes of the misuse of psychological concepts and methods. Some of these misassumptions continue to influence the psychology practices of today. The contributions of people who differ from male, Eurocentric norms are not often appreciated, nor are the cultural differences of these individuals or groups either understood or respected. In this address, the author notes some of the pernicious effects and serious implications of misconceptions about difference within contemporary psychology.
Culture↗
[Psychotherapy and education of anxious patients].
Psychotherapy and education are and main component of the management of anxious patient. Psychoanalysis and cognitive behaviour therapies are the most indicate in anxiety. Because of the formation and the time required by their practice, they are a specialist field. A formation may be an help for the practitioner in the daily practice. Psychological care of anxiety is an important objective of public health to reduce the medical and social cost of this affection.
Anxiety Disorders↗
Contributions of thinking styles to vocational purpose beyond self-rated abilities.
The present study predicted vocational purpose from thinking styles, a construct at the interface of intelligence and personality. 233 students majoring in history and computer science from a large research-oriented university in the People's Republic of China completed the Thinking Styles Inventory and the Iowa Vocational Purpose Inventory. The participants also rated their own analytical, creative, and practical abilities. In general, results indicated that thinking styles contributed to vocational purpose beyond self-rated abilities. Specifically, the more creativity-generating and complex thinking styles tended to contribute positively to vocational purpose, whereas the more conforming and simplistic thinking styles tended to contribute negatively to vocational purpose. This article points to the need theoretically for integrating the construct of thinking style into the definition of differential psychology. Practical data argue for a collaborative working relationship between teachers and vocational counselors in institutions of higher education.
Adolescent↗
Psychological services utilization: relationship to severity of behaviour problems in intellectual disability services.
Using the Developmental Disabilities Profile, a population service registry, the present study gives an analysis of the relationship between the rated frequency of contact with psychology specialists and a composite rating of 13 behaviour problems in intellectual disability services. An analysis of information on 45,810 adults with intellectual disability indicated that, when the population was divided into quintile groups based on behaviour severity, distinctively different distributions of rated contacts with psychologists were discernible. The people rated in the highest quintile for severity of maladaptive behaviour constituted especially high utilizers of psychology services. About 37% of participants had had no contact with psychologists during the past year, whereas 26% had such contact weekly or more frequently. The findings are introduced and discussed in the context of psychological practice in intellectual disability services and trends toward managed health and behavioural health care in the USA.
Adolescent↗
The postmodern turn in group therapy.
The postmodern critique, often referred to as social constructionism, has influenced nearly all disciplines, including recently the domain of psychology--and most particularly psychoanalysis. This article presents an exposition of the "postmodern turn," including some historical perspective, a description of its theoretical elements as related to psychological practice, as well as standard objections to its theories. This author believes that many of the concepts inherent to a social constructionist approach are compelling for theory and practice in group therapy. Clinical case studies are cited in describing how postmodern theories present a natural fit for group therapy. Furthermore, specific implications of this model are delineated for the arduous task of leading groups.
Culture↗
Evaluation of group health promotion with community-dwelling older women.
Health promotion outcomes with older adults are characterized increasingly in terms of several effects. The outcomes of a health-promotion intervention with a group consisting of a majority of African-American older women were evaluated after six months. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups all living in the area of a midwestern city with the highest proportion of low-income and non-Caucasian elders. Women in the intervention group participated in weekly group meetings over 26 weeks. The intervention was derived from the ecologic well being model and incorporated content related to three areas of outcome evaluation: health practices, psychologic and spiritual well-being, and social integration. Interviews conducted prior to and on conclusion of the intervention incorporated four single-item qualitative measures and the following three instruments as outcome measures: the senior lifestyle inventory, the integration inventory, and the social integration subscale. Although no significant increases in outcomes were demonstrated over time for the intervention group, statistical analysis before and after the intervention did reveal significant contrasts among controls in relation to well-being, health practices, and life satisfaction, suggesting a preventive-maintenance effect for the participants.
Black or African American↗
Clinical psychology in general practice: a controlled trial evaluation.
A controlled trial study is described in which 50 consecutive potential referrals for psychological treatment from one general practice were randomly allocated either to behavioural treatment or no-treatment conditions. Treatment-group patients received treatment from a clinical psychologist working within the practice; the control-group patients continued to be managed by their general practitioner. The patients' use of NHS resources was assessed during the treatment period (or its equivalent for the control group) and at a follow-up comparison point, when the patients' subjective ratings of their progress were also obtained. Between referral and the end of treatment the treated group received significantly less psychotropic medication than the control group. This difference was not, however, maintained at the longer-term follow-up. No differences in general practice consultation rates, in the subjective ratings of psychological distress, in control orientation or life satisfaction were found between the two groups, but the level of patient satisfaction was high. Implications for the design of future studies and for psychological health care delivery systems are discussed.
Adult↗
Empirically supported treatments: will this movement in the field of psychology impact the practice of psychosocial oncology?
This article discusses the likelihood of the empirically supported treatment (EST) movement impacting the practice of psychosocial oncology, with the goal of raising awareness of these issues and encouraging debate within the psychosocial oncology research and practice community. In 1993, the American Psychological Association struck a task force to develop criteria for empirically evaluating psychological interventions. The Clinical Psychology (Division 12) Task Force now evaluates psychological interventions and publishes an updated list of ESTs on a yearly basis. Concerns raised about the EST movement in psychology have included difficulties with the terminology and process of the Task Force, problems with the methodology used in psychotherapy research, and with the possible practical implications of the Task Force list of EST. A review of the literature suggests that psychosocial interventions in oncology are currently beginning to be evaluated by the EST criteria and that the reviewed interventions have yet to attain EST status. Following from this review, it is argued that researchers and practitioners in psychosocial oncology should become aware of the standards established by the Division 12 Task Force and that future psycho-oncology intervention research may need to be designed to meet those standards. The discipline of psychosocial oncology is encouraged to consider the possible implications of accepting or not accepting the EST criteria.
Adaptation, Psychological↗