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Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

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PubMed1993

Psychosocial functioning of children: relations between personality subtypes and academic achievement.

Five hundred children from ages 6 to 12 who had been referred for neuropsychological assessment were clustered into six subtypes using a k-means technique applied to 10 PIC scales. Five of the six subtypes were virtually identical to subtypes identified in previous research (viz., normal, somatic concern, mild anxiety, externalized psychopathology, and internalized psychopathology). A sixth subtype (conduct disorder) was also found. Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) Reading and Spelling scores discriminated between normal, somatic concern, and conduct disorder subtypes on the one hand vs. the more disturbed externalized and internalized psychopathology subtypes on the other; the latter groups scored higher on these measures. The internalized psychopathology subtype also showed large discrepancies between reading vs. arithmetic and spelling vs. arithmetic. The results support the view that psychosocial functioning is related to assets and deficits in cognitive/academic functioning in children, and that particular patterns of such assets and deficits are related to particular forms of psychopathology.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed1995

[Intellectual and psychosocial functions in children treated with radiation for brain tumor].

Modern treatment has increased the survival rate for children with brain tumour, but treatment with radiation may lead to late adverse neuropsychologic effects. Also, peer problems may follow long periods away from school, and painful treatment and anxiety about the disease may mobilize emotional stress reactions. 16 brain tumour children with a mean age of 11 years (range 6-16 years), all of them treated with radiation, were tested with WISC-R. The mean time between diagnosis and study was five years (range 2-11 years). Parents and teachers completed the Achenbach check lists CBCL and TRF. Children below age four years at diagnosis achieved the lowest WISC-R IQs, the highest problem scores and the lowest social adaptive scores on CBCL and TRF. More problems were reported among the youth group aged 12-16 years than among the child group aged 6-11 years. Hypoactivity and low psychomotor speed seemed to have an adverse effect on both intellectual and psychosocial functioning. An almost normal communicative and reasoning ability was a resource for most of the children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

'Satisfaction with care': associations with health-related quality of life and psychosocial function among Swedish patients with endocrine gastrointestinal tumours.

The aims of this study were to investigate 'satisfaction with care' and its possible relationships to hope, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression. Eighty-five patients with endocrine gastrointestinal (GI) tumours responded to questionnaires a few days after a hospital visit. 'Satisfaction with care' was assessed by the Comprehensive Assessment of Satisfaction with Care (CASC), health-related quality of life by the EORTC QLQ C-30 and anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients' highest satisfaction scores were obtained for 'general satisfaction' and 'nurses' and doctors' technical skills'. The lowest satisfaction was expressed for 'doctors' interpersonal skills', 'nurses' communication skills' and 'care organization'. Patients reporting a clinically relevant level of anxiety were less satisfied with several care aspects than those reporting less anxiety. Satisfaction with 'nurses' communication skills' and 'doctors' interpersonal skills' was associated with several aspects of health-related quality of life, whereas satisfaction with 'doctors' information', 'nurses' technical skills' and 'general satisfaction' was not. Satisfaction with psychosocial aspects of care is related to the psychosocial function of patients with endocrine GI tumours.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Children's housework and psychosocial functioning: the mediating effects of parents' sex-role behaviors and attitudes.

We examined sex-typed housework of children from dual- and single-earner families and its implications for children's adjustment as a function of congruencies between children's work and parents' sex-role behaviors and attitudes. Participants were 152 firstborn 9-12-year-olds (85 girls, 67 boys) and their parents. All fathers and 50% of mothers were employed. In home interviews parents rated their sex-role attitudes, and children rated their competence, stress, and parent-child relationships. In 7 nightly telephone interviews, children and parents described their household tasks for that day. Analyses revealed sex and earner-status differences in children's and parents' involvement in traditionally feminine and masculine tasks. Correlations between levels of parents' and children's task involvement were significant only in the case of fathers and sons in single-earner families. Regarding the connections between task performance and child adjustment, we found that incongruency between boys' sex-typed tasks and their fathers' sex-role behaviors and attitudes was linked to poorer psychosocial functioning, a pattern that did not hold for girls.

Attitude↗

PubMed2006

Optimism, social support and psychosocial functioning among women with breast cancer.

Personality, psychosocial, demographic and medical variables have been identified as correlates of adjustment to breast cancer and quality of life (QoL). Most studies have examined relationships between personality, social support and adjustment to cancer in predominantly middle-class Caucasian samples, thus limiting the generalizability of their findings. Eighty-one female outpatients at a medical oncology breast clinic in a county general hospital serving primarily indigent Hispanic and African-American patients completed measures assessing demographic and medical information, health-related QoL, cancer-specific distress, mood disturbance, dispositional optimism and satisfaction with social support. Older age, receipt of treatment and greater optimism accounted for 41% of the variance in emotional well-being (p<0.01). Absence of family history of breast cancer, receipt of treatment and optimism accounted for 43% of the variance in functional well-being (p<0.01). Optimism and satisfaction with social support accounted for 43% of the variance in social/family well-being (p<0.01). Absence of treatment (not yet treated) and pessimism accounted for 31% of the variance in cancer-specific distress (p<0.01). Finally, family history of breast cancer and pessimism accounted for 48% of the variance in mood disturbance (p<0.001). Family history of breast cancer and pessimism were related to mood disturbance (p<0.001). No between-group differences were found for race/ethnicity for any of the variables. Encouraging positive expectations and facilitating social support may help women in public sector medical settings cope with the stressful demands of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer regardless of race/ethnicity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2001

Childhood sexual trauma and psychosocial functioning in adults with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the association between sexual abuse in childhood and the severity of psychosocial deficits in adults with schizophrenia. METHODS: The Quality of Life Scale, which assesses current interpersonal and work function, and the NEO personality inventory, which assesses personality dimensions relevant to social functioning, were administered to 54 individuals who had been diagnosed as having schizophrenia. Nineteen of the individuals reported having been sexually abused as children, and 35 reported no history of abuse. RESULTS: A multiple analysis of variance indicated that there were differences between the group of individuals who had a history of sexual trauma and the group that did not. Subsequent univariate analysis of variance indicated that the individuals with a history of abuse had poorer current role functioning and fewer of the basic psychological building blocks necessary for sustaining intimacy. They also demonstrated higher levels of neuroticism, which is a measure of vulnerability to emotional turmoil. The two groups did not differ in frequency of interpersonal contacts or level of extroversion. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual abuse in childhood is associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in adults with schizophrenia.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

Effects of multiple sclerosis on physical and psychosocial functioning.

Significant impairment was measured across the board in the physical, psychosocial, and daily living functions of 24 multiple sclerosis patients. These findings support the need of MS patients for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment approach to all areas affected by MS.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2006

Self-reports of psychosocial functioning among children and young adults with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study was employed to determine the psychosocial effects of cleft lip and/or palate among children and young adults, compared with a control group of children and young adults without cleft lip and palate. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprised 160 children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate and 113 children and young adults without cleft lip and/or palate. All participants were between 8 and 21 years of age. OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological functioning (anxiety, self-esteem, depression, and behavioral problems) was assessed using validated psychological questionnaires. Happiness with facial appearance was rated using a visual analog scale. Social functioning, including experience of teasing/bullying and satisfaction with speech, was assessed using a semistructured interview. RESULTS: Participants with cleft lip and/or palate reported greater behavioral problems (p < .001) and more symptoms of depression (p < .01); they were teased more often (p < .001) and were less happy with their facial appearance (p < .01) and speech (p < .001), compared with controls. There were no significant difference between subjects with cleft lip and/or palate and subjects without cleft lip and/or palate in terms of anxiety (p > .05) or self-esteem (p > .05). Having been teased was a significant predictor of poor psychological functioning, more so than having a cleft lip and/or palate per se (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Teasing was greater among participants who had cleft lip and/ or palate and it was a significant predictor of poorer psychosocial functioning. Children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate require psychological assessment, specifically focusing on their experience of teasing, as part of their routine cleft care.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Psychosocial functioning of homeless children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychosocial characteristics of homeless children and their parents. METHOD: Homeless families were assessed within 2 weeks of admission to seven hostels and were compared with a group of housed families matched for socioeconomic status. Measures included a semistructured interview, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the interview Schedule for Social Interaction, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Communication domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and height and weight percentiles. The sample consisted of 113 homeless families (249 children aged 2 through 16 years) and 29 comparison families (83 children). RESULTS: Homeless families primarily consisted of single mothers and an average of two children, who had become homeless because of domestic violence (56%) or violence from neighbors (29%). Homeless mothers reported high rates of previous abuse (45%) and current psychiatric morbidity (49% caseness on the GHQ) and poor social support networks compared with housed controls. Homeless children were more likely to have histories of abuse, living in care, and being on the at-risk child protection register and less likely to have attended school or a preschool/day-care center since admission to the hostel. They also had delayed communication and higher CBCL scores. Maternal GHQ scores best predicted CBCL caseness. CONCLUSIONS: Homeless mothers and children have high rates of psychosocial morbidity, which are related to multiple risk factors and chronic adversities. Their complex needs should be best met by specialized and coordinated health, social, and educational services.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Psychosocial function during treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children treated for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have greater psychosocial dysfunction compared with their peers. CHILDREN: Children were 86 boys and 66 girls 7-16 years of age attending a lipid clinic. They were screened and instructed to follow a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol 18 months to 9 years earlier (mean, 4 years), and their mean dietary intake, estimated by a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, was within recommended limits. One-fourth had lost a parent or had a parent who had had cardiovascular disease due to FH (parental disease group). METHODS: Results of the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher's Report Form, and Youth Self-Report were compared with a population sample. A semistructured interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, was administered to the children with FH and a well-functioning comparison group from the population (epidemiologic cohort; n = 62). RESULTS: Psychosocial scores were similar in the children with FH and the population sample. The Child Assessment Schedule showed that, compared with the epidemiologic cohort, children with FH did not have increased symptoms in any area of function, and scores for family, mood, and expression of anger were lower (less symptomatic). The prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses was 10%, which was not greater than expected. Children from the parental disease group had higher symptom scores in the areas of school and expression of anger than the rest of the children with FH. Their mean Children's Global Assessment Score (CGAS, which gives average children scores of 70-79) was slightly lower (77 vs 79). Belonging to the parental disease group predicted a lower CGAS in multivariate regression analyses, as did male sex, parental divorce, and low parental educational level. These factors explained up to 19% (95% confidence interval, 9%-31%) of the variance in CGAS. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the prevalence of psychosocial dysfunction was not greater than expected in children treated for FH. Psychosocial function within the group was associated with the usual demographic characteristics and with the loss or disease of a parent, beyond the period of bereavement or immediately after the event.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Effects of anal invasive treatment and incontinence on mental health and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease and low anorectal anomalies.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Recent studies of adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and low anorectal anomalies (LARA) showed persistent impairment of fecal control in both groups, but very different mental and psychosocial outcome. METHODS: To explore possible reasons for these differences, 19 adolescents with HD (aged 10 to 20 years; median, 16) operated on by the Duhamel technique were compared with 17 adolescents with LARA (aged 12 to 20 years; median, 15). The 36 adolescents were assessed for treatment procedures, bowel function, and mental and psychosocial outcome by data collected from medical records, physical examination, semistructured interview, and standardized questionnaires. The parents of 30 adolescents were also interviewed and completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Duration of anal invasive treatment procedure and current bowel function were associated with mental and psychosocial outcome. The treatment variable, duration of anal dilation, was the most significant predictor of the adolescents's mental health (R2 = .41, P < .01), whereas chronic family difficulties and parental warmth together with the current bowel function variables, fecal and flatus continence function, best explained the variance in psychosocial outcome (R2 = .77, P < .0001). Thus, the differences in treatment procedures and continence function between the HD and LARA groups may partially explain differences in mental and psychosocial outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that anal dilatation and continence dysfunction may have negative impact on mental health and psychosocial functioning. Indications for and ways of performing the procedure of dilation, and the treatment of persistent incontinence problems, are questioned.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Psychosocial, functional, and quality of life assessment of patients with posttraumatic fracture nonunion, chronic refractory osteomyelitis, and lower extremity amputation.

One hundred nine patients with long-bone fracture nonunion, chronic refractory osteomyelitis, or posttraumatic amputation were evaluated for the impact of chronic disability on quality of life, as measured by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS) and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). A self-administered PAIS for spouses assessed psychosocial adjustment of spouses or significant others. A final questionnaire ranked the reasons for either continuing medical therapy or accepting amputation. The PAIS scores differed significantly between osteomyelitis patients and both nonunion and amputation patients (p less than .05). The presence or absence of pain produced significant differences in AIMS and PAIS scores of nonunion and osteomyelitis patients (p less than .05). Subscale analysis of AIMS scores revealed significant differences among the three groups in health perception and scale of orthopedic problem: osteomyelitis patients were more severely affected than nonunion or amputation patients. The PAIS detected no statistically significant difference in psychosocial adjustment of spouses of patients in the three population groups. The most common reason for continuing medical and surgical management of nonunion and osteomyelitis was expectation for cure. The amputee group chose ablation to avoid further treatment. Differences in psychosocial and functional ability were related to disease diagnosis, pain, status of fracture healing, and timing of amputation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1998

Self-reported delinquent behavior and psychosocial functioning in inner-city teenagers: a brief report.

Evaluated psychosocial characteristics of inner-city ninth graders exceeding a cutoff for clinically significant delinquent behaviors (n = 27), as compared to youth whose self-reported delinquent behaviors fell below this cutoff (n = 136). Youth reporting high levels of delinquent behavior reported more life stress, depression and anxiety, lower self-concept, and less cohesive families than other students. Females reporting high levels of delinquent behavior were more likely to have poor classroom and school attendance than other females; this relationship did not hold for males.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

The relationship of self-help networks to physical and psychosocial functioning.

One hundred fifty-eight elderly persons living in retirement hotels and apartments were classified by being receivers or givers of help to their neighbors into four groups: givers, getters, both (GG), or neither (NGG). The aim was to determine whether the groups differed in personal characteristics, physical functioning, or psychologic adjustment at baseline and six months later. The groups did not differ in personal characteristics. The NGG group (N = 55) functioned significantly less well, both physically and psychosocially. At six months, with baseline scores adjusted, the givers had fewer illnesses and the GG group had better self-esteem. Thus, subjects did not change significantly in other variables. Efforts to enhance the ability of the NGG group to form social networks, if applied cautiously, may help to improve their overall adjustment.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Neurobehavioral and psychosocial functioning of women exposed to high altitude in mountaineering.

The effects of chronic hypoxemia upon cognition and behavior were studied in women exposed to high altitude in mountaineering. Neuropsychological tests and psychosocial and physiological questionnaires were given to eight women before, during, and immediately after a Himalayan climb to 20,500 feet. Cognitive functioning remained relatively intact with only two significant decrements, complex abstract reasoning and word-finding ability. Significant changes were found on all psychosocial and physiological questionnaires. Feelings of acceptance of others and anxiety declined significantly. Physical symptoms were greatest during the first five days of ascent. Subjects' self-ratings of mental functioning were significantly better after the expedition than either before or during the climb. Self-assessments were correlated with emotions and physical symptoms, not with actual performances on the test battery. It is suggested that complex cognitive tasks and psychosocial functioning be studied in more detail as these were more influenced by exposure to high altitude in mountaineering.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Variation in functioning, psychosocial characteristics, and six-month outcomes among suicidal youth in comprehensive community mental health services.

In this study we compared the psychosocial (n = 7,896) and clinical (n = 4,664) characteristics and 6-month functional outcomes (n = 2,594) of suicidal and nonsuicidal youth. Repeat and previous attempters were more likely than first-time and never attempters to experience psychosocial problems and to be functionally impaired in a variety of domains. Differences in functional impairment persisted at 6 months. Among those who were not severely functionally impaired at baseline, repeat attempters were more likely to be severely impaired at 6 months. Subgroups of suicide attempters may present to treatment differently, have a different expression of problems over time, and have different treatment needs.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Perceived versus measured height. Which is the stronger predictor of psychosocial functioning?

The relationship between perceptions versus measured height and children's psychosocial adaptation in a sample of medically referred youth with short stature was investigated. All children referred for a growth evaluation to one regional pediatric endocrinology clinic received a psychosocial screening assessment as a routine component of their initial visit. Data were collected for patients ages 4-18 years (n = 620) with heights ranging from -4.0 to -1.1 SD for age- and gender-adjusted population norms. Patients (8 years and older) and in all cases a parent/guardian served as informant through paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Both children and parents overestimated the child's height. Overestimations of height were associated with greater patient and parent satisfaction with stature. Perceived height was more strongly associated with psychosocial adaptation than was measured height. Clinical management decisions designed to enhance patient quality of life by increasing projected adult height through hormonal interventions should take into account both measured and perceived patient height.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1992

Activity-induced pain in rheumatoid arthritis functional class II and its relations with demographic, medical, functional, psychosocial, and work variables. Result of a survey in Bollnäs Medical District, Sweden, II.

One aim of this study was to describe inflammatory activity, joint destruction, work status, and demographic factors in a group of 69 American Rheumatism Association functional class-II rheumatoid arthritis patients: 56 women and 13 men, mean age 54 years (SD 11), mean symptom duration 14 years (SD 11). Another aim was to determine correlations between activity-induced pain and other variables. Patients were assessed with Ritchie's articular index, Larsen's radiologic index, and laboratory tests. Deformity in hands and knee joints, and grip strength, were determined. Results from earlier investigations of functional impairment and psychosocial capacity were also used. Of the patients, 4% had high inflammatory activity. Joint erosions were found in between 4% (knee joints) and 55% (wrists) of the joints examined. Of the patients aged less than 65, 43% were working. Activity-induced pain was related with work status (p = 0.0002). It also correlated significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) with inflammatory activity (r(s) = 0.34), but not with joint destruction (r(s) = 0.21).

Activities of Daily Living↗