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PubMed1994

[Local immunomodulation in atopic and nonatopic children with nonspecific respiratory tract diseases].

The authors report their own results of local immunomodulation with IRS 19 in 57 atopic and nonatopic children having nonspecific chronical diseases of the respiratory tract. The results were obtained on the basis of complex diagnostical procedures before and after local immunomodulation. These results are demonstrated by tables, figures and graphs. By comparing the results obtained with local immunomodulation, it was found that prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency of IRS 19 is better in nonatopic children than in atopic ones. The detailed analyses showed that the local immunomodulation caused not only an increased concentration of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA but also of the IgE.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

[Therapy and prevention of chronic respiratory tract diseases].

196 patients suffering from chronic infections of the respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, spastic bronchitis, sinobronchitis, increased liability to infections during childhood) were treated with non-specific hyposensitization by Paspat as no improvements had been obtained with other methods. The patients were observed for at least one year after the termination of the therapy: Recovery in 62,2%, clear improvements in 23% of the cases; only 14,8% did not respond. The author can now rely on a total of 466 cases, who have been treated by this method for 21 years. The results obtained after the childhood were significantly improved by modifying the treatment and the remedies and by increasing the numbers of injections. Consequently, repeated applications of Paspat for treating and preventing chronic infections of the respiratory tract are considered a real progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases, their health-political importance and trends].

The diseases of the respiratory organs are defined and classified according to the 8th revision of the international classification of the diseases. The acute forms are above all represented by the infections of the respiratory tract. They are the problem No. 1 in health politics, since the most frequent exemptions from work are given on their account. A transition into chronic diseases of the respiratory tract is not infrequent. Among the causes of death the diseases of the respiratory system occupy the 3rd place, the chronic forms are an essential cause of early invalidity. Among the chronic diseases of the respiratory organs considerable shifts to the unspecific side took place. The tuberculosis is vastly reduced. The methods practised in its combat and the graduated, well functioning system of specialised outpatient institutions and hospitals proved as a very suitable instrumentarium also for the combat against the unspecific diseases of the respiratory organs. Three main groups increasingly demand our attention: bronchial carcinoma, chronic obstructive lung disease and the professionally conditioned diseases of the respiratory organs. Their combat demands a broad partnership with the physicians of the "first line", the factory health service and the internists. For this purpose the description of the own possibilities is necessary.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1994

Mycoplasma agassizii causes upper respiratory tract disease in the desert tortoise.

The desert tortoise is listed by the United States government as a threatened species in part of its range. A major contributing factor in the decline of this animal has been the presence of an upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) which is characterized by a chronic disease which eventually leads to severe occlusion of the nares with viscous exudate and destruction of the respiratory epithelium. Electron microscopy of infected tissues demonstrated the presence of a mycoplasma-like organism attached to the respiratory surfaces. The mycoplasma was isolated and designated as a new species, with the proposed name Mycoplasma agassizii. The current study was designed to fulfill Koch's postulates and determine if M. agassizii was the etiologic agent of URTD. Clinically healthy animals with known antibody status were infused intranasally with pooled exudate (n = 8) from ill donor animals, with M. agassizii alone (n = 9) or in combination with Pasteurella testudinis (n = 8), with P. testudinis alone (n = 9), or with sterile broth (n = 12). The pooled exudate was culture positive for M. agassizii. Tortoises which received exudate or M. agassizii alone or in conjunction with P. testudinis were significantly more likely to develop clinical disease (P < 0.0004) than animals which received P. testudinis alone or the broth controls. Tortoises demonstrated a strong immune response to M. agassizii, and seroconversion was seen in all groups with clinical disease. M. agassizii was isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of clinically ill animals up to 6 months postinfection. On the basis of the results of these transmission studies, we conclude that M. agassizii is an etiologic agent of URTD in the desert tortoise.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of 3-methylindole production and immunity against bovine respiratory syncytial virus on development of respiratory tract disease and rate of gain of feedlot cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether immunity against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) mitigates the effects of 3-methylindole (3MI) on occurrence of bovine respiratory tract disease (BRD) and rate of gain in feedlot cattle. ANIMALS: 254 mixed-breed beef cattle. PROCEDURE: Cattle were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups at the time of arrival at the feedlot. One group was vaccinated with an inactivated BRSV vaccine, another was vaccinated with a modified-live BRSV vaccine, and the third was maintained as unvaccinated control cattle. On days 0 and 28, serum BRSV antibody concentrations were measured, using serum neutralizing and ELISA techniques. Serum 3MI concentrations were measured at feedlot arrival and 3 days later. Cattle were monitored for development of BRD. At slaughter, lungs were evaluated grossly for chronic lesions. RESULTS: Higher serum 3MI concentrations early in the feeding period were associated with lower mean daily gain. Control cattle were more likely to be treated for BRD after day 3, compared with cattle vaccinated with the modified-live BRSV vaccine. Humoral immunity against BRSV did not appear to modify the effect of 3MI on development of BRD or mean daily gain. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that abrogating the effects of 3MI and BRSV infection may improve the health and growth performance of feedlot cattle. However, in this study, immunity against BRSV did not appear to protect against the potential synergism between 3MI and BRSV infection, possibly because of the slow rates of gain of cattle included in the study or timing of sample collection.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

Respiratory tract disease and mucosal colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica in transported cattle.

OBJECTIVES: To follow incidence of Pasteurella haemolytica (PH) in the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves at the farm and through the marketing process, and to determine the effect of vaccination on PH colonization of the upper respiratory tract and on the incidence of respiratory tract disease (RTD). ANIMALS: 2- to 5-month-old calves (n = 104) from 4 farms. PROCEDURE: Calves were vaccinated with a killed PH serotype-1 product. Nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens were cultured for PH, and serum antibody was measured by indirect hemagglutination. Calves with RTD were treated with tilmicosin phosphate. RESULTS: At the feedyard, 73 calves had RTD. The incidence of RTD was significantly related to the farm of origin, and was inversely related to the PH serum titer at the farm, but was not influenced by vaccination. Isolations of PH serotype 1, however, were reduced by vaccination. The major serotypes of PH encountered were 1 and 6. CONCLUSION: Vaccination can reduce the frequency of colonization of the upper respiratory tract by PH.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The association of rhinoviruses with lower respiratory tract disease in hospitalized patients.

An analysis of 32 hospitalized infants and children from whom rhinoviruses were isolated in our diagnostic laboratories in 1982-83 suggests that these agents are associated with lower respiratory tract disease with focal findings in susceptible patients. In 23 cases, an acute lower respiratory disease was the cause for admission, while nine patients were cultured after new respiratory symptoms developed during hospitalization. Presenting signs and symptoms included cough (23), fever (19), rhinorrhea (19), respiratory distress (14), and decreased feeding (15). Seventeen of 25 chest x-rays showed new focal abnormalities. Twenty-five patients had a significant underlying disease including seven with malignancies, six with respiratory tract abnormalities, and four with congenital heart lesions. Six of the remaining seven patients were less than 2 1/2 months of age. In no cases were significant bacterial or fungal pathogens isolated; two did have concomitant viral isolates. Rhinoviruses in the appropriate clinical setting are associated with significant pulmonary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Investigation of causative agents of bovine respiratory tract disease in a beef cow-calf herd with an early weaning program.

Serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. Antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (PI-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. Seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for IBR virus was 4.3%, PI-3 virus--16.3%, BVD virus--9.6%, and BAV-3--2.2%. Seroconversion for BRSV was 45.4%. An increased rate of seroconversion for IBR, PI-3, and BVD viruses and BAV-3 was observed in the presence of BRSV seroconversion. These results suggest that BRSV may facilitate infection by other viruses. Results of virus isolation procedures from these calves were negative.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2002

An etiological investigation of domestic cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease in Japan.

Chlamydophila felis (C. felis), feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) were detected in 39 (59.1%), 11 (16.7%) and 14 (21.2%) cats respectively, from 66 domestic cats presented with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in 9 prefectures of Japan. Dual and multiple infections were found in 7 (10.6%) cats with both C. felis and FHV-1, 10 (15.2%) cats with both C. felis and FCV, and 1 (1.5%) cat with all three agents. C. felis was isolated from 11 (28.2%) of 39 PCR positive cats. Antigenic difference was found in a 96 kDa protein of our isolates and Fe/145 strain isolated in USA. In conclusion, C. felis is the most common agent of feline conjunctivitis and URTD, and the coinfection with C. felis, FHV-1 and FCV are also common in cats in Japan.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Diagnosis of upper respiratory tract diseases in the performance horse.

Wastage of performance horses because of respiratory dysfunction is common. Appropriate identification of the disease is paramount for treatment recommendations. Diagnostic modalities for upper respiratory tract dysfunction include a thorough physical examination, radiographic evaluation when appropriate, and upper respiratory tract endoscopy. Anatomical deviations or structural are easily identified during resting evaluation, while exercise testing is often necessary to assess thedynamic properties of the upper airway. Utilizing the many diagnostic tools available allows the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment.

Animals↗