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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Occupational exposure to chloromethyl ethers. A retrospective cohort mortality study (1948-1972).

This industry-wide epidemiologic study to evaluate the human carcinogenicity of the chloromethyl ethers (CME) included 1827 CME-exposed workers and 8870 controls. Duration and relative intensity of exposure were classified by job description in the personnel records. This information permitted assigning relative magnitude of exposure scores for each job category at several plants, with allowance for temporal changes in the plant processes. Social security records were used for the ascertainment of deaths among separated employees. Death certificates were obtained for virtually all known deaths, and hospital pathology reports were obtained where possible for the cancer-related deaths. No differences in noncancer death rates were found. An increased risk of respiratory cancer death in CME-exposed workers was found at only one firm where high exposures are known to have occurred. A clear dose-response relationship with risk ratios exceeding ten for the longest duration and greatest exposure subgroups was demonstrated for this firm.

Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of the geographic distribution of mortality in Italy caused by tumors of the respiratory system].

This paper describes the geographical distribution of respiratory cancers in Italy during the period 1970-87. We analysed mortality rates for cancers of the larynx, of the lung, of the paranasal sinuses, and of the pleura in the 95 Italian provinces. For all considered sites, Northern Italy showed the highest levels of mortality. Only Rome and Naples, the most urbanized provinces in the Central and Southern Italy respectively, presented mortality rates comparable to the Northern provinces, particularly in the early 1970's. The geographical distribution of mortality for all considered sites appears to be consistent between the two sexes. For lung cancer, however, the difference between the North and the rest of the country during the considered period decreased in men but steadily increased in women.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of mortality in relation to various demographic phenomena: migration and marital status].

This paper analyzes the mortality of major respiratory cancers, certified in Italy in the years 1981-84, by two demographic phenomena: migration and civil status. Direct standardized rates were computed using the total population as reference; a partial analysis of mortality by all causes was also performed. Because of the industrial development in some areas of Italy, great migrations took place in the past within the country, with specific and well known geographic and time patterns. This paper mainly considers migrations towards the industrialized regions of the north-west both from the north-east, occurring between the two world wars, and from the south regions, occurring from the fifties to the seventies. Various studies have shown that cancer mortality decreases with the geographic latitude of the area studied, and that there is a protective effect associated with being born in the southern part of the country. Italian regions were grouped into five areas: north-west, north-east, north-central, south-central and south. Individuals born in the same area of the last residence were defined as "stable", while "migrant" indicates that the area of birth differed from the last residence; for "internal migrant" both regions of birth and last residence are in the same area. For migrants to the north-west, rates by age are reported. For larynx cancer, only mortality of males is discussed. Our study's results confirm that lung cancer mortality is always higher for migrants than it is for stables from the same birth area. Immigrants also show higher rates of lung cancer mortality than the stables in the host areas. The rate ratio of emigrants versus stables in the birth area increases towards the south. The increasing protective role of birth area with decreasing latitude is confirmed for both stables and immigrants. Subjects in the north-west who emigrated from the north-east show age-specific mortality rates higher than stables, both in host and birth areas. Immigrants from southern areas show rates equal to the stables of the host area with increasing age. Results for lung cancer mortality suggest that migrants differed from the stables in socio-economic characteristics not only in the birth areas but also in the host regions. For larynx cancer, migrants and stables show similar rates. Mortality rates for internal migrants and stables decrease with latitude; the protective role of birth area in immigrants is less evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Health benefits of smoking cessation.

Extensive evidence has now accumulated on the health consequences of smoking cessation. With few exceptions, disease risks are reduced after smoking cessation and continue to drop as abstinence is maintained. The review of the evidence in the 1990 Report of the Surgeon General led to major conclusions that establish smoking cessation as a clear priority for health care providers.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1991

Cancer mortality from 1978 to 1987 in smaller regions of Styria, Austria, with different environmental conditions.

In 1984 we have shown in a study, that regions with high air pollution have a higher respiratory cancer rate than regions without substantial air pollution. In this study 45 small regions of Styria, which can be considered homogenous from an environmental viewpoint, have been studied with respect to age standardized respiratory cancer mortality. These small regions have been classified into regions without substantial air pollution, with substantial air and substantial water pollution. Between 1978 and 1987 we have found that small regions with substantial air or water pollution show an increased age standardized respiratory cancer mortality than small regions with "good" environmental conditions. In some regions the rate was twice as high compared to regions without substantial environmental problems. The main difference was found for the age group between 60 and 75 years. Generally between 1978 and 1987 no trend has been observed, only within age groups a shift can be seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Carcinogenic effect of N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine, a postulated proximate pancreatic carcinogen in Syrian hamsters.

N-Nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) proved to be a potent carcinogen in Syrian golden hamsters. The compound is an in vivo metabolite of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine, N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine and a postulated proximate pancreatic carcinogen in hamsters. As with BOP, HPOP induced a higher incidence of pancreatic ductular adenocarcinomas than did N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, and these neoplasms showed a great tendency for invasion and metastasis. Also, HPOP induced tumors of the forestomach, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and vagina (as did BOP). However, HPOP [unlike BOP, but like N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine] led to tumor development in the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, intestine, Harderian gland, lips, and flank organ. The possible mechanisms of HPOP carcinogenicity are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Asbestos-induced malignant tumors].

Asbestos had been increasingly used in many applications across numerous industries on account of its particular material properties, including resistance to heat and fire as well as to aggressive chemicals, high mechanical strength, insulation capacity, other physical parameters, and for its low price. World wide asbestos production and processing thus went up from 50 tons to 5.5 million tons per annum, in about 100 years. Widespread application of asbestos as well as of asbestos-containing materials and workpieces together with the understanding that asbestos for its fibrogenicity is capable of causing pulmonary and pleural asbestoses constitute a major challenge for thorough elucidation of related occupational diseases and their relationship with asbestos. This demand is additionally supported in urgency by the cancerogenicity of asbestos potentially leading to malignant diffuse mesotheliomas, bronchial carcinomas, and, obviously, other tumors. In the context of malignant mesotheliomas, emphasis has to be laid on characteristic morphological features, biological behaviours, and asbestos-related aetiology. As bronchial carcinomas have several aetiological backgrounds, answers will have to be found to the questions for which of them may have been fully or partially caused by asbestos and which have not. No differentiation has so far been feasible, in this context, by tumour morphology, including histological typing. After all, when it comes to malignant tumours of other organs, additional epidemiological as well as pathologico-anatomic efforts will have to be made to find out, if and where a given case of tumour growth has coincided with exposure to asbestos.

Asbestos↗